Improving Oral Presentation Skills for Radiology Residents through Clinical Session Meetings in the Virtual World Second Life.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to conduct a clinical session meeting in the virtual world of Second Life to improve the oral presentation skills of radiology residents and to assess the perception of the attendees. METHODS: A clinical session meeting (10 two-hour sessions over four weeks), where participants presented their own clinical sessions, followed by a turn of interventions by the attendees, was designed and carried out. Attendees were asked to complete an evaluation questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were performed. RESULTS: Twenty-eight radiology residents attended the meeting, and 23 (81.2%) completed the evaluation questionnaire; 95.7-100% of them agreed that the virtual environment was attractive and suitable for holding the meeting and that the content was appropriate for their training as residents. They rated with ≥8.9 points (from 1 to 10) different aspects of the experience, highlighting the role of teachers (9.7 ± 0.6) and the usefulness of their training (9.4 ± 0.9). CONCLUSIONS: Second Life can be used effectively to train oral communication skills in public, in an environment perceived as attractive and suitable for learning, through an experience described by the attendees as interesting and useful, highlighting the advantages of social contact with their peers.

Exploring the Potential of Undergraduate Radiology Education in the Virtual World Second Life with First-cycle and Second-cycle Medical Students.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Virtual worlds have a remarkable potential for effective teaching and learning, providing immersive, realistic, and engaging online events. Previous studies have explored online education of health professionals in Second Life (SL), the most widely used virtual world, but none of the previous learning experiences were related to radiology. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential use of SL for undergraduate radiology education and the involvement of students in SL learning activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We delivered a 4-week voluntary undergraduate radiology education program in SL, based on synchronous sessions and asynchronous tasks, with two modalities: introduction to basic radiology for first-cycle (first- to third-year) students and case-based clinical radiology for second-cycle (fourth- to sixth-year) students. Participants completed an evaluation questionnaire about the experiences after the learning program. RESULTS: Forty-six students (20 first-cycle and 26 second-cycle) participated in this study. They found the contents of the course appropriate (mean ≥ 4.53/5), the initiative interesting, and the environment attractive (mean ≥ 4.32/5), and they were willing to participate in future SL experiences (mean ≥ 4.63/5). All students highly rated the organization, the content, the benefit to their medical education, and the professor (mean ≥ 9.05/10). CONCLUSION: Online radiology education using SL is feasible and well received by medical students of all year groups. The students participated and engaged in this activity very positively and rated the experience highly. The potential of using SL for radiology education includes promising expectations regarding collaborative learning and gamification.

'Patient blood management' en cirugía ortopédica / 'Patient blood management' in orthopaedic surgery

Los procedimientos de cirugía ortopédica y traumatológica (COT) pueden ocasionar pérdidas significativas de sangre y anemia postoperatoria aguda, que en muchos casos requiere transfusión de sangre alogénica (TSA). Las desventajas clínicas, económicas y logísticas de la TSA han promovido el desarrollo de programas multidisciplinares y multimodales, genéricamente conocidos como programas de Patient Blood Management (PBM), cuyo objetivo es el de reducir o eliminar la necesidad de TSA y mejorar el resultado clínico. Estos programas se apoyan en la aplicación de cuatro grupos de medidas perioperatorias: 1) uso de criterios restrictivos de transfusión; 2) estimulación de la eritropoyesis; 3) reducción del sangrado; y 4) transfusión de sangre autóloga. En este artículo, revisamos la eficacia, seguridad y recomendaciones de las estrategias aplicables en COT, así como los condicionantes para el desarrollo e implementación de los programas de PBM en esta especialidad (AU)

Orthopaedic and trauma surgical procedures (OTS) can lead to significant blood losses and acute postoperative anaemia, which in many cases requires allogeneic blood transfusions (ABT). The clinical, economic and logistical disadvantages of ABT have promoted the development of multidisciplinary and multimodal programs generically known as Patient Blood Management (PBM) programs, which have as their objective to reduce or eliminate the need for ABT and improve clinical outcomes. These programs are supported by the implementation of four groups of perioperative measures: (1) use of restrictive transfusion criteria; (2) stimulation of erythropoiesis; (3) reduction of bleeding; and (4) autologous blood transfusion. In this article, a review is presented of the effectiveness, safety and recommendations of applicable strategies in OTS, as well as the barriers and requirements to the development and implementation of PBM programs in this surgical specialty (AU)

"Patient blood management" in orthopaedic surgery.

Orthopaedic and trauma surgical procedures (OTS) can lead to significant blood losses and acute postoperative anaemia, which in many cases requires allogeneic blood transfusions (ABT). The clinical, economic and logistical disadvantages of ABT have promoted the development of multidisciplinary and multimodal programs generically known as Patient Blood Management (PBM) programs, which have as their objective to reduce or eliminate the need for ABT and improve clinical outcomes. These programs are supported by the implementation of four groups of perioperative measures: (1) use of restrictive transfusion criteria; (2) stimulation of erythropoiesis; (3) reduction of bleeding; and (4) autologous blood transfusion. In this article, a review is presented of the effectiveness, safety and recommendations of applicable strategies in OTS, as well as the barriers and requirements to the development and implementation of PBM programs in this surgical specialty.

[Characterization of muscarinic receptors in undifferentiated thyroid cells in Fisher rats]. / Caracterización de receptores muscarínicos en células indiferenciadas tiroideas de ratas Fisher.

INTRODUCTION: The parasympathetic autonomous nervous system exerts control over thyroid function by activation of the muscarinic receptors in follicular cells. Various pharmacological and molecular subtypes of muscarinic receptors (M(1), M(2), M(3), M(4), M(5)) have been identified in central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Controversy surrounds receptor characterization in thyroid cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Undifferentiated Fisher rat thyroid epithelial cells (FRT) were cultured. Association and dissociation kinetics assays and antagonist competition studies of the binding of (3)H-N-methylscopolamine ((3)H-NMS) to muscarinic receptors were performed to demonstrate the presence of muscarinic receptors. RESULTS: Specific muscarinic receptors in the plasma membrane of FRT cells were observed with an equilibrium dissociation constant (K(d)) of 0.44 nmol. The order of affinities obtained fitting the data to one binding site model in competition experiments with the muscarinic receptor antagonist was: dicyclomine > hexahydrosiladifenidol (HHSD) = 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP) > pirenzepine > himbacine = 11-[[2-[(diethylamino)methyl]- 1-piperidinyl]acetyl]-5,11-dihydro-6H-pyrido (414)benzodiazepine (AF-DX 116). CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained indicate the existence of specific (3)H-NMS muscarinic binding sites located in the plasma membrane of FRT cells. The results obtained in competition experiments suggest that the receptors present in FRT cells belong to the M(3) subtype.

Caracterización de receptores muscarínicos en células indiferenciadas tiroideas de ratas Fisher / Characterization of undifferentiated muscarinic thyroid cells in fisher rats

Introducción: El sistema nervioso autónomo parasimpático tiene el control de la función tiroidea mediante la activación de receptores muscarínicos en las células foliculares. Se han identificado diversos subtipos farmacológicos y moleculares de receptores muscarínicos (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) tanto en el sistema nervioso central (SNC) como en los tejidos periféricos, pero hay controversia acerca de su caracterización en las células tiroideas. Material y métodos: Cultivos celulares de células epiteliales tiroideas indiferenciadas de ratas Fisher (FRT). Estudios de unión de receptores a radioligando: cinéticas de asociación, cinéticas de disociación y competiciones entre diversos fármacos antagonistas selectivos muscarínicos; se utiliza, como radioligando, 3H-N-metil-escopolamina (3H-NMS). Resultados: Se observa que hay receptores específicos muscarínicos en la membrana plasmática de las células FRT con una constante de disociación en equilibrio (Kd) de 0,44 nmol. El orden de afinidades de los diferentes antagonistas muscarínicos encontrado en membranas epiteliales de células FRT mediante el ajuste de los datos para un modelo de un solo sitio de unión fue: diciclomina > hexahidrosiladifenidol (HHSD) = 4-difenilacetoxi-N-metilpiperidina metiodida (4-DAMP) > pirenzepina > himbacina = 11-[[2-[(dietil-amino)metil]-1-piperidinil]acetil]-5,11-dihidro-6H-pirido(414)benzodiacepina (AF-DX 116).Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio indican que hay sitios de unión para 3H-NMS que se corresponden con los receptores muscarínicos localizados en células FRT. Los resultados obtenidos en los experimentos de competición indican que el receptor presente en esta localización se corresponde con el subtipo M3 (AU)

Introduction: The parasympathetic autonomous nervous system exerts control over thyroid function by activation of the muscarinic receptors in follicular cells. Various pharmacological and molecular subtypes of muscarinic receptors (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) have been identified in central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Controversy surrounds receptor characterization in thyroid cells. Materials and methods: Undifferentiated Fisher rat thyroid epithelial cells (FRT) were cultured. Association and dissociation kinetics assays and antagonist competition studies of the binding of 3H-N-methylscopolamine (3H-NMS) to muscarinic receptors were performed to demonstrate the presence of muscarinic receptors. Results: Specific muscarinic receptors in the plasma membrane of FRT cells were observed with an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.44 nmol. The order of affinities obtained fitting the data to one binding site model in competition experiments with the muscarinic receptor antagonist was: dicyclomine > hexahydrosiladifenidol (HHSD) = 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP) > pirenzepine > himbacine = 11-[[2-[(diethylamino)methyl]-1-piperidinyl]acetyl]-5,11-dihydro-6H-pyrido(414)benzodiazepine (AF-DX 116). Conclusions: The results obtained indicate the existence of specific 3H-NMS muscarinic binding sites located in the plasma membrane of FRT cells. The results obtained in competition experiments suggest that the receptors present in FRT cells belong to the M3 subtype (AU)