RESUMO
Cooperative behavior is often assumed to depend on individuals' characteristics, such as altruism and reasoning ability. Evidence is mixed about what the precise impact of these characteristics is, as the subjects of study are generally randomly paired, generating a heterogeneous mix of the two characteristics. In this study we ex-ante create four different groups of subjects by factoring their higher or lower than the median scores in both altruism and reasoning ability. Then we use these groups in order to analyze the joint effect of the two characteristics on the individual choice of cooperating and on successful paired cooperation. Subjects belonging to each group play first 10 one-shot prisoner's dilemma (PD) games with ten random partners and then three consecutive 10-round repeated PD games with three random partners. In all games, we elicit players' beliefs regarding cooperation using an incentive compatible method. Individuals with high altruism are more optimistic about the cooperative behavior of the other player in the one-shot game. They also show higher individual cooperation and paired cooperation rates in the first repetitions of this game. Contrary to the one-shot PD games where high reasoning ability reduces the probability of playing cooperatively, the sign of the relationship is inverted in the first repeated PD game, showing that high reasoning ability individuals better adjust their behavior to the characteristics of the game they are playing. In this sense, the joint effect of reasoning ability and altruism is not linear, with reasoning ability counteracting the cooperative effect of altruism in the one-shot game and reinforcing it in the first repeated game. However, experience playing the repeated PD games takes over the two individual characteristics in explaining individual and paired cooperation. Thus, in a (PD) setting, altruism and reasoning ability significantly affect behavior in single encounters, while in repeated interactions individual and paired cooperation reach similarly high levels independently of these individual characteristics.
RESUMO
O objetivo deste estudo foi validar o conteúdo e a compreensibilidade do instrumento de comunicação escrita, material educativo complementar à alta hospitalar para pacientes com prescrição de oxigenoterapia domiciliar prolongada. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, no qual se elaborou um material educativo sobre uso de oxigenoterapia, em forma de folder. Este foi analisado por cinco enfermeiros, que sugeriram modificações. Após a realização das alterações no folder, este foi entregue aos pacientes que receberam a prescrição de Oxigenoterapia Domiciliar Prolongada (ODP). Resultados: A avaliação que os pacientes tiveram quanto ao material educativo foi positiva, pois 100% das respostas se classificaram entre excelente e bom (ou notas entre 7 e 10). Conclusão: Confirma-se o papel e a função do enfermeiro como educador em saúde, que necessita utilizar a comunicação verbal e escrita para o processo de cuidar em saúde. .
Objetivo:Validar el contenido y la comprensibilidad del instrumento de comunicación escrita, material educativo complementario al alta hospitalaria de pacientes con prescripción de oxígeno domiciliario prolongado.Métodos:Estudio descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo, que resultó un material educativo sobre el uso de oxígeno en forma de carpeta. Esto fue analizado por cinco enfermeras, quienes sugirieron modificaciones. Después de efectuarse los cambios de la carpeta, la entregaron a los pacientes que recibieron prescripción de oxígeno domiciliario prolongada (ODP).Resultados:La evaluación de los pacientes cuanto al material educativo fue positiva, ya que el 100% de las respuestas se calificaron entre excelente y bueno (notas entre 7 y 10).Conclusión:Se confirma el papel y la función de la enfermera como educadora de salud, que necesita la comunicación verbal y escrita para el proceso de atención en salud.
