[A complex antibiotic preparation obtained from a medicinal plant from the family Asteraceae]. / Kompleksnyi antibioticheskii preparat, poluchennyi iz lekarstvennogo rasteniia semeistva Asteraceae.

Data of in vitro and in vivo investigations of antimicrobial activity of preparation K carried out both by the authors and by other researchers and pharmacological properties of this preparation have been summarized. Preparation K has been obtained from medicinal plant of the Asteraceae family. It is a natural composition of two antibiotics and of a number of minor compounds. The preparation possesses a wide spectrum of biological action. It is antimicrobially active against gram-positive bacteria, some species of gram-negative bacteria, fungi-dermatophytes including antibiotic-resistant strains. It is not toxic for animals, stimulates some defensive reactions of macroorganism, has immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, anti-exudative, keratolytic properties. Preparation K is efficient for treatment of experimental mycoses of animals and is clinically tested as a local agent for treatment of dermatomycoses.

[The effect of a Coxsackie viral infection on the chromosomal apparatus of the cells of fetuses and newborn mice]. / Vliianie Koksaki-virusnoi infektsii na khromosomnyi apparat kletok plodov i novorozhdennykh myshei.

The Coxsackie virus B1 has been studied for its effect on the chromosome apparatus in cells of mouse feti and newborn mice in case of intraperitoneal infection of females on the 3d week of pregnancy. It is stated that the virus readily moves across the placental barrier and induces chromosome aberrations in the cells of feti, their number being 2.5 times higher than the control level. The maximal number of structural chromosome aberrations was registered during the first three days from the moment of infecting. Then a gradual decrease in the number of aberrant metaphases in the cells of newborn mice was observed. It had reached the value of the control level by the 17th day of observation.

[Effect of salvin on the synthesis of macromolecules in Staphylococcus aureus 209P]. / Deistvie sal'vina na sintez makromolekul Staphylococcus aureus 209P.

The effect of salvin and its active component, carnazolic acid, on the synthesis of macromolecular compounds in the cells of S. aureus 209P was studied. It was shown that the inhibitory action of salvin on the synthesis of peptidoglycane in the culture was defined by the presence of carnazolic acid in its composition. In the bactericidal concentration, carnazolic acid was twice as less active as salvin and inhibited incorporation of labeled precursors into RNA and protein. The findings grounded the conclusion that some nonidentified components of salvin with low antimicrobial activity contained in it in insignificant quantities had an additional inhibitory effect on the process. Comparative study of salvin and antibiotics with the known mechanisms of action such as benzyl penicillin or chloramphenicol revealed a certain similarity in the action of salvin and benzyl penicillin on incorporation of labeled precursors into the macromolecular compounds of S. aureus 209P.

[Effect of salvin on the incorporation of labeled precursors into macromolecular compounds of Staphylococcus aureus 209P]. / Vliianie sa'lvina na vkliuchenie mechenykh predshestvennikov v makromolekuliarnye soedineniia Staphylococcus aureus 209P.

Salvin is a preparation of Salvia officinalis L. Its effect on synthesis of macromolecules in cells of Staphylococcus aureus 209P was studied with labeled precursors in a system used for investigation of peptidoglycan synthesis. At a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml salvin inhibited incorporation of 14C-lysine into the cell wall polymer and protein fraction by 42.9 and 8.9 per cent respectively and stimulated incorporation of 3H-thymidine and 3H-uridine into the nucleic acid fraction. In the presence of salvin in a quantity of 120 micrograms/ml there was observed inhibition of 3H-uridine incorporation into the nucleic acid fraction by 53.3 per cent and 14C-lysine into the protein fraction by 74.5 per cent along with inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis by 95.5 per cent. The results conformed to the findings of electron microscopic investigation of the solving effect on ultrastructure of S. aureus 209P. They confirmed the previous assumption that salvin had the primary effect on the processes directly associated with synthesis of the cell wall polymer.

[The effect of salvin on the growth and ultrastructure of Staphylococcus aureus 209P]. / Vliianie sal'vina na rost i ul'trastrukturu Staphylococcus aureus 209P.

Antibiotic salvin obtained from Salvia officinalis has been studied for its effect on the growth and ultrastructure of Staphylococcus aureus 209P. The antibiotic in the sub-bacteriostatic concentration considerably elongates the lag-phase (up to 11-12 h) exerting no significant effect on the growth rate of the staphylococcus population as well as it prolongs duration of the exponential phase. The analysis of electronograms of staphylococcus cells subjected to the action of salvin in the concentrations similar to the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), has revealed the cell thinning, inhibition and destruction of the division. The introduction of 5MIC antibiotic into the exponentially grown culture made a cell wall considerably thinner, destructing its external layer; the number of lyzed cells sharply increased. The appearance of bodies not described previously with a membrane envelope and ribosomes as well as of mesosomal structures was observed.