Spatial constrains and information content of sub-genomic regions of the human genome.

Complexity metrics and machine learning (ML) models have been utilized to analyze the lengths of segmental genomic entities of DNA sequences (exonic, intronic, intergenic, repeat, unique) with the purpose to ask questions regarding the segmental organization of the human genome within the size distribution of these sequences. For this we developed an integrated methodology that is based upon the reconstructed phase space theorem, the non-extensive statistical theory of Tsallis, ML techniques, and a technical index, integrating the generated information, which we introduce and named complexity factor (COFA). Our analysis revealed that the size distribution of the genomic regions within chromosomes are not random but follow patterns with characteristic features that have been seen through its complexity character, and it is part of the dynamics of the whole genome. Finally, this picture of dynamics in DNA is recognized using ML tools for clustering, classification, and prediction with high accuracy.

Non-Extensive Statistical Analysis of Energetic Particle Flux Enhancements Caused by the Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection-Heliospheric Current Sheet Interaction.

In this study we use theoretical concepts and computational-diagnostic tools of Tsallis non-extensive statistical theory (Tsallis q-triplet: q s e n ,   q r e l ,   q s t a t ), complemented by other known tools of nonlinear dynamics such as Correlation Dimension and surrogate data, Hurst exponent, Flatness coefficient, and p-modeling of multifractality, in order to describe and understand Small-scale Magnetic Islands (SMIs) structures observed in Solar Wind (SW) with a typical size of ~0.01-0.001 AU at 1 AU. Specifically, we analyze ~0.5 MeV energetic ion time-intensity and magnetic field profiles observed by the STEREO A spacecraft during a rare, widely discussed event. Our analysis clearly reveals the non-extensive character of SW space plasmas during the periods of SMIs events, as well as significant physical complex phenomena in accordance with nonlinear dynamics and complexity theory. As our analysis also shows, a non-equilibrium phase transition parallel with self-organization processes, including the reduction of dimensionality and development of long-range correlations in connection with anomalous diffusion and fractional acceleration processes can be observed during SMIs events.