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1.
Toxics ; 11(6)2023 Jun 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37368622

RESUMO

Ionic liquids are a huge group of chemical compounds that have found, or may, in the future, find, applications in various industries. These compounds are characterized by excellent physical, chemical, and biological properties, but a big problem is their environmental impact. One of the representatives of this group of compounds is tetrabutylammonium chloride ([TBA][Cl]). In this present study, the effects of [TBA][Cl] were evaluated on two popular plant species-a monocotyledonous plant-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and a dicotyledonous plant-cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). The results showed that the compound caused a pronounced inhibition of plant growth and roots, as well as plant fresh weight yield. An increase in plant dry weight was observed at the same time. Despite the decrease in the content of photosynthetic pigments, no major changes were observed in chlorophyll fluorescence. All observed changes were strongly related to the applied concentration of the compound.

2.
J Environ Health Sci Eng ; 20(1): 337-346, 2022 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35669837

RESUMO

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity and biodegradation potential of oil hydrocarbons contaminated soil samples obtained from different depths at an oil refinery station area. An approach involving chemical, microbiological, respirometry and ecotoxicity assessment of soil polluted by oil hydrocarbons was adopted, in order to determine the biodegradability of pollutants and ecotoxicological effects of natural attenuation strategy. Methods: The ecotoxicity of soil samples was evaluated using an ostracod test kit and a seed germination test. The results of the phytotoxicity assay were expressed as a percentage of seedling emergence and as the relative yield of fresh and dry biomass compared to control plants. The intrinsic biodegradation potential of the contaminated soil was examined using a Micro-Oxymax respirometer. Intrinsic biodegradation rates were estimated from the slopes of linear regressions curves plotted for cumulative O2 uptake. The obtained values were then entered in the mass balance equation for the stoichiometric reaction of hydrocarbon decomposition and converted per kg of soil per day. Results: Although the tested contaminants were biodegradable in the respirometric assay, they were slightly to moderately toxic to plants and extremely toxic to ostracods. The noxious effects raised with the increased concentration of contaminants. The monocotyledonous oat was more tolerant to higher concentrations of oil hydrocarbons than the other test plants, indicating its greater suitability for soil reclamation purposes. Conclusion: By assessing phytotoxicity and effect on ostracod mortality and progress of soil self-decontamination process, proper approach of reclamation of demoted area can be provided.

3.
Cent Eur J Immunol ; 47(1): 58-62, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35600156

RESUMO

In December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that China had accumulated pneumonia of unclear etiology in Wuhan. According to WHO recommendations, in strictly defined situations, antigen tests can be implemented into the diagnostic algorithm to reduce the number of molecular tests performed and support the rapid identification and treatment of COVID-19 patients. According to WHO recommendations, the antigen test for diagnostic use should have a sensitivity of ≥ 80% and a specificity of ≥ 97% compared to molecular tests (NAAT). Based on the comparative analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of the SARS-CoV-2 Antigen ELISA test were determined concerning the RT-PCR reference method. The sensitivity of the SARS-CoV-2 Antigen ELISA was 100% (51/51) and the specificity was 98.84%. The obtained data demonstrate that the analyzed antigen test meets both the WHO and the Ministry of Health criteria.

4.
J Environ Manage ; 302(Pt A): 113936, 2022 Jan 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34700078

RESUMO

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is one of the more commonly used analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory as well as anticoagulant drugs available in the OTC (over the counter) segment. Due to the considerable use of this drug, an attempt was made to determine the effect of ASA on the crustacean Heterocypris incongruens and the monocotyledonous plant spring barley. The tested compounds were introduced into soil in which these organisms "lived". The study showed that ASA had an adverse effect on seed germination potential as well as a negative effect on spring barley growth; however, and photosynthetic pigments content was observed only at the highest concentrations of the studied compounds. ASA did not cause oxidative stress in plants but did also cause disturbances in the growth of H. incongruens, without causing their mortality. As a result, ASA may have certain negative effects on both crustaceans and monocots.


Assuntos
Hordeum , Raphanus , Aspirina , Plântula , Solo
5.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol ; 88: 103746, 2021 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34536620

RESUMO

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a popular group of drugs used worldwide. These drugs are also available over the counter, which implies that their consumption is not strictly regulated. They are released through wastewater and feces and can have adverse effects on the environment. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of two NSAIDs, diclofenac (DCF) and naproxen (NAP), and their mixture (DCF + NAP) on spring barley seedlings and ostracods Heterocypris incongruens. The tested drugs had a negative impact on bivalve ostracods and the studied plants. DCF was the most toxic toward ostracods, while spring barley seedlings were affected the most by NAP. The application of the tested compounds and their mixture resulted in a decrease in fresh weight yield and the content of photosynthetic pigments. In addition, an increase in H2O2 and proline content and changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (POD, APX, CAT, and SOD) were observed.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/toxicidade , Crustáceos/efeitos dos fármacos , Diclofenaco/toxicidade , Hordeum/efeitos dos fármacos , Naproxeno/toxicidade , Plântula/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Carotenoides/metabolismo , Clorofila/metabolismo , Crustáceos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Interações Medicamentosas , Hordeum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Hordeum/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Oxirredutases/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Prolina/metabolismo , Plântula/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Plântula/metabolismo
6.
Sensors (Basel) ; 21(5)2021 Feb 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33668135

RESUMO

This study aimed to determine the impact of tetrabutylphosphonium bromide [TBP][Br] on the soil environment through an experiment on loamy sand samples. The tested salt was added to soil samples at doses of 0 (control), 1, 10, 100, and 1000 mg kg-1 dry matter (DM). During the experiment, the activity of selected enzymes involved in carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen cycles, characteristics of organic matter with Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and toxicity of soil samples in relation to Aliivibrio fischeri were determined at weekly intervals. The results showed that low doses of [TBP][Br] (1 and 10 mg kg-1 DM) did not have much influence on the analyzed parameters. However, the addition of higher doses of the salt into the soil samples (100 and 1000 mg kg-1 DM) resulted in a decrease in the activity of enzymes participating in the carbon and phosphorus cycle and affected the activation of those enzymes involved in the nitrogen cycle. This may be due to changes in aerobic conditions and in the qualitative and quantitative composition of soil microorganisms. It was also observed that the hydrophobicity of soil organic matter was increased. Moreover, the findings suggested that the soil samples containing the highest dose of [TBP][Br] (1000 mg kg-1 DM) can be characterized as acute environmental hazard based on their toxicity to Aliivibrio fischeri bacteria. The increased hydrophobicity and ecotoxicity of the soil samples exposed to the tested salt were also positively correlated with the activity of dehydrogenases, proteases, and nitrate reductase. Observed changes may indicate a disturbance of the soil ecochemical state caused by the presence of [TBP][Br].


Assuntos
Aliivibrio fischeri/efeitos dos fármacos , Aliivibrio fischeri/enzimologia , Compostos Organofosforados/toxicidade , Poluentes do Solo/toxicidade , Solo , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier
7.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 27(27): 34182-34198, 2020 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32557039

RESUMO

This paper presents the influence of two bromides, tetrabutylammonium and tetrabutylphosphonium, on the growth and development of cucumber seedlings. The tests were performed at two dates, i.e. 10 and 20 days, after the introduction of increasing amounts of ionic liquids (ILs) into the soil. The applied ILs showed phytotoxicity dependent mainly on the concentration of the substance, which is proved by the inhibition of the length of aboveground parts and their roots and the yield of cucumber fresh mass, from which EC50 values were calculated. The phytotoxicity symptoms were the result of oxidative stress, one of the manifestations of which was a decrease in assimilative pigments, linearly correlated with an increase in bromide concentration in the medium. The stress is also proven by the large increase in hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and free proline in cucumber leaves. The reaction of this plant to oxidative stress was an increase in the activity of antioxidative enzymes such as catalase and peroxidase. As a result of statistical analysis, it was proved that all changes of biomarkers of phytotoxicity of examined ILs and oxidative stress indicators in cucumber seedlings depended more on the applied concentration of these salts than on the date of the study.


Assuntos
Cucumis sativus , Líquidos Iônicos , Raphanus , Antioxidantes , Catalase , Hordeum , Estresse Oxidativo , Plântula , Solo , Superóxido Dismutase
8.
J Hazard Mater ; 382: 121086, 2020 01 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31465943

RESUMO

Phenoxyacetate herbicides, such as 2,4-D and MCPA, having a high toxicity to non-target organisms are commonly used for controlling broadleaf weeds in agriculture. However, novel and environmentally friendly analogs are constantly sought after. For this purpose, various substituents at the phenyl group have been tested to find the optimal balance between the potent herbicidal activity and safety for non-target species. In this work, we investigated the influence of the oxygen by sulfur replacement in the phenoxy moiety of ammonium chlorophenoxyacetates on the toxicity towards aquatic organisms, such as bacteria (Vibrio fischeri), water flea (Daphnia magna) and freshwater fish (Pimephales promelas) by determining experimental (Microtox® test - V. fischeri) and predicted (ACD Lab Percepta software - D. magna, P. promelas) EC50/LC50 values. The achieved results showed that in contrary to the literature observations, where O-compounds were more toxic than their S-analogs (urea/thiourea), the O/S replacement in chlorophenoxyacetate significantly increased ecotoxicity of the S-analogs (up to 11 times). Moreover, one- and two-substituted phenoxyacetates in the form of ammonium salts were less toxic to V. fischeri than the commercially available phenoxy herbicides in the acid form. The logP/logD values were also calculated to understand hydro/lipophilic nature of the investigated compounds and differences in their toxicity.


Assuntos
Aliivibrio fischeri/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos de Amônio/toxicidade , Cyprinidae , Daphnia/efeitos dos fármacos , Herbicidas/toxicidade , Fenoxiacetatos/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Aliivibrio fischeri/metabolismo , Compostos de Amônio/química , Animais , Herbicidas/química , Dose Letal Mediana , Luminescência , Oxigênio/química , Fenoxiacetatos/química , Enxofre/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química
9.
Ginekol Pol ; 90(7): 416-422, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31392712

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Prenatal interventions in LUTO (lower urinary tract obstruction) usually are still question of a debate between gynaecologist and paediatric nephrologist. We aimed the study to assess the early survival rate and renal outcome in LUTO foetuses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was a prospective data analysis of 39 foetuses from singleton pregnancies. All pregnant women with LUTO in the foetus were qualified for VAS based on a local practice. The mean time of first urine analysis ranged between 13-30 weeks of pregnancy. Primary end-point analysis included live birth, 28d-survival, pulmonary and renal function assessment in neonatal period. RESULTS: From initial number of 39, six patients miscarried before the procedure was performed. Overall, 33 VAS were performer at the mean 21 week of pregnancy (range 14-30 weeks). 25/39 foetuses survived until delivery. Three neonates died in first 3 days of life. In the first month 3 children required peritoneal dialysis, but at 28 day all children were dialysis-free. Overall survival rate at 28 day was 56%. Renal function preservation of the initial group (39) turned out to be low - 18% (7/39). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed average survival curves and complications. LUTO in the foetus had mostly unfavourable outcome in the neonatal period. The prenatal intervention did not increase it significantly and did not guarantee the preservation of normal kidney function.


Assuntos
Doenças Fetais/cirurgia , Terapias Fetais/métodos , Rim/fisiopatologia , Obstrução Uretral/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/diagnóstico por imagem , Terapias Fetais/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Rim/diagnóstico por imagem , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal , Obstrução Uretral/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto Jovem
10.
Chemosphere ; 237: 124436, 2019 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31356993

RESUMO

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been one of the most interesting chemical entities over the last two decades and have been investigated by numerous scientists all over the world. However, during IL research, it has been shown that these compounds present toxicity to both terrestrial and aquatic plants, among others. The phytotoxicity of ILs depends on the type of cation, the length of the alkyl chain in the substituent or enantioselectivity, on the concentration used, and, it appears that the type of anion may also have an impact on toxicity. The toxic effects of ILs on plants also depend on the conditions under which such tests are conducted. The results may help facilitate the development of protective environmental measures against IL-induced negative effects, but they may also be used in various landscape-related areas, such as herbology, to design new substances with weed killing properties.


Assuntos
Líquidos Iônicos/toxicidade , Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Ânions/química , Cátions/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
11.
Int J Med Microbiol ; 309(5): 274-282, 2019 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31113736

RESUMO

Amyloid curli fibrils produced by Escherichia coli are well-known virulence factor influencing E. coli adhesion and biofilm formation. However, the impact of curli on intestinal epithelial barrier stimulated with proinflammatory cytokines is unknown. In the study, we examined the effect of curli produced by nonpathogenic E. coli K-12 and wild-type E. coli EC32 strains, and purified CsgA proteins on differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayers stimulated with a mixture of IL-1ß, TNF-α, and INFγ cytokines as a model of 'inflamed intestinal epithelial barrier' in vitro. The results of the study indicated that curliated E. coli adhered better to polarized Caco-2 cells than their curli-deficient mutants and the adherence was further augmented by stimulation of epithelial cells with proinflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, curli reduced internalization but enhanced intracellular survival of the wild-type E. coli strain EC32 within intestinal epithelial cells. Curli-expressing E. coli, as well as purified CsgA proteins, attenuated IL-8 secretion by unstimulated Caco-2 cells, although the effect was barely observed on cytokine-stimulated cells. The findings of the study revealed that curli fibrils are an important virulence factor enabling curliated E. coli to effectively colonize intestinal epithelium especially in individuals with inflammatory intestinal disorders.


Assuntos
Aderência Bacteriana , Citocinas/farmacologia , Células Epiteliais/microbiologia , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/patogenicidade , Intestinos/citologia , Células CACO-2 , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/genética , Humanos , Interferon gama/farmacologia , Interleucina-1beta/farmacologia , Intestinos/imunologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/farmacologia , Fatores de Virulência/genética
12.
J Agric Food Chem ; 67(11): 3086-3095, 2019 Mar 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30802050

RESUMO

In this study, new chiral ionic liquids (CILs) were obtained from the natural-origin material (1 R,2 S,5 R)-(-)-menthol. The physicochemical characteristics of the studied imidazolium salts were investigated. The obtained 3-ethyl-1-[(1 R,2 S,5 R)-(-)-menthoxy-methyl]imidazolium salts are nonvolatile, nonflammable, and stable in air, in contact with water, and in commonly used organic solvents. The influences of the obtained chiral salts on physiological and biochemical parameters were determined for wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. Both salts led to changes in plant metabolism, which resulted in decreased assimilation pigments, decreased fresh weight, and increased dry weight and proline in wheat seedlings. Moreover, the growth of the above-ground parts and roots was inhibited. Additionally, there was a drop in the potential and germination capacity of wheat seeds after using the highest concentrations of the ionic liquids. The salts caused oxidative stress in wheat seedlings, which was demonstrated by increased malondialdehyde content. In response, the plants engaged their defensive system against free oxygen radicals, which resulted in increased catalase and peroxidase activity and decreased H2O2 levels in the plants. There were no changes in the activity of superoxide dismutase. All of the changes observed in the levels of determined biomarkers of oxidative stress in the plants were linearly correlated with the increase in the concentrations of the chiral ionic liquids in the soil. The salt with hexafluorphosphate anion exhibited slightly higher toxicity toward wheat seedlings than the other salt. The CILs led to premature aging of plants, which was demonstrated by the increase in peroxidase activity and a decrease of chlorophyll in the seedlings. The experiment also showed good correlation between the increase in peroxidase activity and the decrease in chlorophyll level, which proves that the decrease in chlorophyll content resulted from not only the increase in CILs concentration in the soil but also the increased POD activity, which leads to the damage of chlorophyll particles.


Assuntos
Líquidos Iônicos/farmacologia , Triticum/efeitos dos fármacos , Catalase/metabolismo , Clorofila/biossíntese , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Plântula/genética , Plântula/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Plântula/metabolismo , Solo/química , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Triticum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Triticum/metabolismo
13.
Open Life Sci ; 14: 537-548, 2019 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33817190

RESUMO

The objective of the present study was to compare the effect of rhamnolipids on the microbial biomass content and the activity of dehydrogenases (DHA), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and urease (URE) in soil contaminated with two types of coal tar creosote: type C and type GX-Plus. The experiment was carried out on samples of sandy clay loam under laboratory conditions. Coal tar creosote was added to soil samples at a dose of 0 and 10 g·kg-1 DM, along with rhamnolipids at a dose of 0, 10, 100, and 1000 mg·kg-1 DM. The humidity of the samples was brought to 60% maximum water holding capacity, and the samples were incubated at 20°C. Microbial and biochemical parameters were determined on days 1, 7, 21, and 63. The obtained results demonstrated that the addition of rhamnolipids did not result in any significant changes in the activity of the determined parameters in the uncontaminated soil. However, it was observed that the application of these biosurfactants, particularly at the dose of 1000 mg·kg-1 DM, largely decreased the effect of coal tar creosote on the determined parameters. Moreover, the microbial biomass and the activity of ALP and URE were found to be the best indicator of bioremediation of soil contaminated with coal tar creosote.

14.
Chemosphere ; 194: 650-656, 2018 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29241140

RESUMO

This study shows the design, synthesis and evaluation of eco(phyto)toxic and herbicidal activities of quaternary ammonium salts (QASs), derived from haloacetic acids, in context of the search for safer alternatives to the commonly used herbicide, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate). The structure of the investigated QASs refers to the heteroatom sequence in the anion of glyphosate in which the (P-C)-N nitrogen atom was replaced by one or more halogens (F, Cl). The ecotoxicity of the synthesized QASs was tested against luminescent marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri (Microtox® test) and the crustaceans Heterocypris incongruens (Ostracodtoxkit F™). The phytotoxic effect of QASs was also studied with respect to spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) and common radish (Raphanus sativus L. radicula Pers.), whereas herbicidal activity was investigated in relation to popular weeds species gallant soldier (Galinsoga parviflora Cav.) and common sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.). The results showed that toxicity of the synthesized QASs depends on a number of halo-substituents, especially for bioluminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri for which EC50 values were those varying the most. Phytotoxicity tests proved that the investigated QASs had a similar high, toxic effect both on monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants with exception of DIPA - DCA. Moreover, their herbicidal activity against common sorrel was comparable to glyphosate.


Assuntos
Glicina/análogos & derivados , Herbicidas/química , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário/química , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário/farmacologia , Aliivibrio fischeri/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos de Amônio , Animais , Ânions , Crustáceos/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicina/efeitos adversos , Halogenação , Herbicidas/farmacologia , Hordeum/efeitos dos fármacos , Raphanus/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Toxicidade , Glifosato
15.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 24(22): 18444-18457, 2017 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28643283

RESUMO

The present study determines the influence of three ionic liquids (ILs) containing cations with diversified structure on the growth and development of spring barley seedlings and common radish leaves. Increasing amounts of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate [Pyrrol][PF6], 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium hexafluorophosphate [Piper][PF6], and 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate [Pyrid][PF6] were added to the soil on which both plants were cultivated. The results of this studies showed that the applied ILs were highly toxic for plants, demonstrated by the inhibition of length of plant shoots and roots, decrease of fresh mass, and increase of dry weight content. Common radish turned out to be the plant with higher resistance to the used ILs. The differences in the cation structure did not influence phytotoxity of ILs for spring barley. Furthermore, all ILs led to a decrease of photosynthetic pigments, which was directly followed by decreased primary production in plants. Oxidative stress in plants occurred due to the presence of ILs in the soil, which was demonstrated by the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, changes in the H2O2 level, and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD). The changes in the chlorophyll contents and the increase of POD activity turned out to be the most significant oxidative stress biomarkers in spring barley and common radish. Both spring barley and radish exposed to ILs accumulated a large amount of fluoride ion.


Assuntos
Hordeum/efeitos dos fármacos , Líquidos Iônicos/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Raphanus/efeitos dos fármacos , Poluentes do Solo/toxicidade , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Biomassa , Cátions , Clorofila/metabolismo , Hordeum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Hordeum/metabolismo , Líquidos Iônicos/química , Fotossíntese/efeitos dos fármacos , Raphanus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Raphanus/metabolismo , Estações do Ano , Poluentes do Solo/química
16.
Environ Toxicol Chem ; 36(8): 2167-2177, 2017 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28145604

RESUMO

Ionic liquids are a group of chemical compounds with chemical properties that are of great interest to various fields of science and industry. However, commercial use of these substances raises concern because they may threaten the natural ecosystems. The present study used 2 types of (-)-menthol-containing imidazolium chiral ionic liquids: 1-[(1R,2S,5R)-(-)-menthoxymethyl]-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [Im-Men][PF6 ] and 1-[(1R,2S,5R)-(-)-menthoxymethyl]-3-methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate [Im-Men][CF3 CO2 ]. The effects of these compounds on growth and development of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) and common radish (Raphanus sativus L. subvar. radicula Pers.) were investigated. The present study demonstrated that chiral ionic liquids produced a relatively high phytotoxicity, by shortening the plants' lengths and roots, thus causing a decline in the experimental plants' fresh weights. The investigated ionic liquids also led to a reduction in photosynthetic pigment levels, changes in hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content, and changes in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase in both plants. Changes in these enzymes were used to indicate oxidative stress levels in spring barley and common radish. It was demonstrated that imidazolium ionic liquid-induced phytotoxicity depended largely on the type of anion. The liquid [Im-Men][PF6 ] exhibited higher toxicity toward spring barley and common radish seedlings. Common radish was more resistant to chiral ionic liquids. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2167-2177. © 2017 SETAC.


Assuntos
Acetatos/toxicidade , Hordeum/efeitos dos fármacos , Imidazóis/toxicidade , Líquidos Iônicos/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Raphanus/efeitos dos fármacos , Poluentes do Solo/toxicidade , Acetatos/química , Ânions , Catalase/metabolismo , Hordeum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Hordeum/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Imidazóis/química , Líquidos Iônicos/química , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Peroxidases/metabolismo , Fotossíntese/efeitos dos fármacos , Raízes de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo , Raphanus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Raphanus/metabolismo , Plântula/efeitos dos fármacos , Plântula/metabolismo , Poluentes do Solo/química , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo
17.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf ; 139: 463-471, 2017 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28213323

RESUMO

Ionic liquids (ILs) constitute a huge group of substances that are increasingly common in the commercial use. This situation may lead to the contamination of the soil environment which being the basic of plants vegetation. This paper presents the effect of four ILs with I- anion on the growth and development of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) and common radish (Raphanus sativus L. subvar. radicula Pers) and changes in metabolism of the plants. Seedlings of spring barley and common radish cultivated on soil with increasing ILs concentration exhibited typical phytotoxicity symptoms. A considerable reduction of shoot and root lengths, decrease of fresh weight (FW) and increase of dry weight (DW) occurred in both test plants. Ionic liquids concentration increase in soil was correlated with the decrease of concentrations of all photosynthetic pigments in the plants. The observed increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and changes in the H2O2 level indicated presence of oxidative stress in spring barley and common radish, which usually led to the increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity. The most reliable biomarker of oxidative stress was chlorophyll level and changes in POD activity.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Hordeum/efeitos dos fármacos , Líquidos Iônicos/toxicidade , Raphanus/efeitos dos fármacos , Poluentes do Solo/toxicidade , Ânions , Clorofila/metabolismo , Hordeum/enzimologia , Hordeum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Iodetos , Líquidos Iônicos/química , Estresse Oxidativo , Raphanus/enzimologia , Raphanus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Poluentes do Solo/química
18.
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol ; 98(4): 567-573, 2017 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28197704

RESUMO

This study investigated the effects of four structurally different quaternary ammonium salts (QASs), i.e., tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate [TBA][BF4], tetrahexylammonium tetrafluoroborate [THA][BF4], tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate [TBA][PF6], and tetrahexylammonium hexafluorophosphate [THA][PF6], on the growth and development of three weed species: gallant soldier (Galinsoga parviflora Cav.), white goosefoot (Chenopodium album L.) and common sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.). The examined compounds were applied in the form of foliar spraying and soil application. Strong herbicidal properties of the examined compounds were demonstrated in case of their soil application. Growth inhibition of plant shoots and roots was greater with soil application than with foliar treatment. The strongest herbicidal activity of compounds was demonstrated with [TBA][BF4] have demonstrated [TBA][BF4] and [TBA][PF6] applied to the soil, while [THA][BF4] demonstrated the weakest herbicidal action. The increased concentration of applied QASs caused a decrease in the assimilation pigments, change in dry weight content and inhibition of length of shoots and roots.


Assuntos
Flúor/toxicidade , Herbicidas/toxicidade , Plantas Daninhas/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário/toxicidade , Sais/toxicidade , Flúor/química , Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Brotos de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário/química , Sais/química
19.
Adv Clin Exp Med ; 26(9): 1437-1445, 2017 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29442467

RESUMO

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains are included in 9 pathotypes (pathovars) that present different virulence factors responsible for the patomechanism of infections they cause. As all other intestinal pathogens, E. coli exerts a significant effect on intestinal epithelium. To initiate the infection, these microorganisms have evolved countless strategies to subvert the epithelial barrier and efficiently colonize the intestinal epithelium. The barrier function of the intestinal epithelium is achieved by the presence of a tight junction protein network surrounding individual cells around their circumference that links neighboring cells and seals the intracellular space. Pathogenic E. coli strains may impair intestinal epithelial barrier in 3 different pathways: (i) through a direct effect of their virulence factors on tight junctions proteins, (ii) by disrupting host cell actin cytoskeleton that indirectly damages epithelial barrier, and (iii) via stimulation of the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines that directly disrupt epithelial tight junctions or trigger neutrophils migration through intestinal epithelium, thus disrupting the intestinal barrier. Most pathogenic E. coli generates all these 3 pathways concomitantly upon interaction with intestinal epithelium.


Assuntos
Escherichia coli/patogenicidade , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiologia , Citoesqueleto de Actina/fisiologia , Movimento Celular , Humanos , Neutrófilos/fisiologia , Junções Íntimas/fisiologia , Fatores de Virulência
20.
Chemosphere ; 165: 519-528, 2016 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27681108

RESUMO

Increasing amounts of two ILs: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM][PF6] and 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMMIM][PF6], were introduced to soil in which spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) and common radish (Raphanus sativus L. subvar. radicula Pers.) seedlings were cultivated, in order to evaluate the phytotoxicity of ionic liquids with imidazolium cation with two or three alkyl substituents attached. The results of the study i.e. the inhibition of the length of plants and their roots, as well as the yield of fresh weight of plants, clearly showed that differences in the number of substituents did not affect the toxicity of these ILs. Although, radish was more resistant to the applied ionic liquids than barley. Ionic liquids led to a decrease in the content of all assimilation pigments and induced oxidative stress in the plants, as showed by an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and changes in the level of H2O2 and antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). The best biomarkers of oxidative stress in both plants were the changes in chlorophyll content and the increase in POD activity. Both spring barley and radish exposed to [BMIM][PF6] and [BMMIM][PF6] accumulated a large amount of fluoride ions, which further increased the toxicity of these compounds for both plants.


Assuntos
Hordeum/efeitos dos fármacos , Imidazóis/toxicidade , Líquidos Iônicos/toxicidade , Raphanus/efeitos dos fármacos , Catalase/metabolismo , Clorofila/metabolismo , Hordeum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Hordeum/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Imidazóis/farmacocinética , Líquidos Iônicos/farmacocinética , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Peroxidases/metabolismo , Raízes de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo , Raphanus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Raphanus/metabolismo , Plântula/efeitos dos fármacos , Plântula/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Plântula/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo
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