Single versus double experimental bile duct ligation model for inducing bacterial translocation.

BACKGROUND: Double common bile duct ligation plus section in rats is used as a model for bacterial translocation, a phenomenon that has been correlated with the degree of liver damage. This study analyzes whether a simpler variant of the technique is also a valid model to study bacterial translocation. METHODS: Fifty-six male Sprague Dawley rats underwent one of three surgical interventions: a) proximal double ligation and section of the common bile duct; b) proximal simple ligation of the bile duct; and c) sham operation. Bacterial translocation was measured by cultures of mesenteric lymph nodes, blood, spleen and liver. Stool culture and histological analysis of liver damage were also performed. RESULTS: The incidence of bacterial translocation in SBL and DBDL groups was 23,5% and 25% respectively. Mortality was similar between ligation groups (11.2% versus 10%). Liver cirrhosis developed in the group of double ligation and section (100% of the animals at 4 weeks), while portal hypertension appeared starting at week 3. None of the animals submitted to simple ligation developed liver cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS: Simple bile duct ligation is associated with a similar incidence of bacterial translocation as double ligation, but without cirrhosis or portal hypertension.

[Cystadenoma of seminal vesicles]. / Cistadenoma de vesículas seminales.

Cystadenoma of the seminal vesicles is a extremely rare pathology. To our knowledge only eight cases have been reported in the literature. We report a new case of this benign tumor, bilaterally located and incidentally found at surgery. Literature is reviewed and clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of these are discussed.

[Bladder bilharziosis]. / Bilharziosis vesical.

OBJECTIVES: We report two cases of urinary schistosomiasis that had been diagnosed and treated during the early stages of the disease. These cases are presented to provide further insight into this disease, which is uncommon in our setting. METHODS/RESULTS: The presenting features, diagnostic methods and the treatment currently available are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary bilharziasis is a parasitic disease caused by Schistosoma haematobium that may involve the entire urogenital tract. Schistosomiasis causes important lesions in the early stages and complications in the long term if treatment is not instituted early. Although it is uncommon in our area, it must be suspected in patients with GU dysfunction, particularly in those presenting with hematuria and/or have traveled to countries where this disease is endemic.

[Burned-out testicular tumor]. / Tumor testicular fundido.

Burned-out testicular tumour is an uncommon entity defined by the spontaneous regression of the testicular tumoral site after spread to metastasis, leaving behind a scarring lesion with typical histological changes. This paper reports one case of burned-out testicular tumour diagnosed and treated initially as an embryonic carcinoma with areas of extragonadal malignant immature teratoma that after nine years of follow-up reveals the primary testicular site. Physical examination and detailed ultrasound study of the testes is of the greatest significance in stem cells tumours with extragonadal location, given the prospect of identifying the primary testicular lesion as a burned-out tumoral site and performing radical treatment of these tumours.