Factors influencing Tanzanian mothers' feeding practices for toddlers: A predictive correlational study.

Background: Feeding practices are crucial in ensuring toddlers receive an appropriate and varied diet to support their growth and development. In Tanzania, maternal feeding practices for young children are inadequate, and there is limited research on the influencing factors. Objective: This study aimed to examine the factors influencing Tanzanian mothers' feeding practices for toddlers, utilizing the health promotion model as the theoretical framework. Methods: A predictive correlational design was employed, with a random sample of 399 mothers who brought their toddlers for health supervision at a tertiary care hospital in the United Republic of Tanzania. Data on personal information, depression, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived self-efficacy, social support, situational influences, and maternal feeding practices were collected using self-administered questionnaires between September 2021 and November 2021. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and multiple regression analysis were employed for the analysis. Results: All the factors examined in the study accounted for 18.9% of the variance explained in maternal feeding practices. Significantly, only two factors, perceived self-efficacy (ß = 0.32, p <0.001) and situational influences (ß = 0.24, p <0.001), could predict maternal feeding practices. Conclusion: Perceived self-efficacy and situational influences emerged as the primary influencing factors on maternal feeding practices for toddlers. Pediatric nurses should address these modifiable factors when developing nursing interventions and strategies to promote a healthy nutritional status in toddlers.

Pain Management Competency and its Associated Factors among Nurses.

BACKGROUND: Nurses play a vital role to handle the situation in the care of the patients especially for prioritizing and managing care of pain. Nursing competency attributes personal characteristics, professional attitude, values, knowledge and skills to demonstrate professional responsibility through practices. Nursing competency helps to provide high quality essential care to the patients at a right time. This study aimed to explore pain management competency and its associated factors among nurses in a tertiary hospital, Nepal. METHODS: A cross- sectional survey with correlational predictive design was conducted with 203 staff nurses who had work experience related to pain for more than two months at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital in Nepal. They were working in medical, surgical, gynecology and obstetrics, pediatric and neonatal, emergency and intensive care departments. The participants were selected from inpatient departments by convenience sampling technique from December 2020 to February 2021. SPSS 18.0 version was used for data entry and analysis using descriptive statistics, chi-square and logistic regression. Significant factors reported at P<0.05. RESULTS: In total participants, 67.5% of nurses were competent on pain management. Work experience [OR= 0.426 (95% CI: 0.205-0.887)] could significantly predict on nurses' competency for pain management. However, there was no significant association educational level, working unit, nurse-physician relationship, and training on nurses' competency. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings, two third (67.5%) nurses are competent on pain management and work experience is a factor contributed to the nurses' competency for pain management, the researcher recommends nurses with lower work experience should provide pre-service training on pain management.

The effectiveness of parent manipulation on newborns with postural clubfoot: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of parent manipulation on newborns with postural clubfoot, as compared to newborns that receive no treatment in a randomized controlled trial. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Ninety-two healthy newborns, including 40 boys and 52 girls, (169 postural clubfeet, including 77 with bilaterally involvement) were included and categorized into two groups by simple randomization using the sealed opaque envelope technique. In Group A, the parent manipulation group, there were 14 boys and 33 girls in 85 postural clubfeet with 38 bilateral involvements. Manipulations were performed at least 20 times per day and the stimulation of the newborn's foot/ feet byparent finger was performed at least 100 times per day. In Group B, the group of newborns receiving no treatment, there were 26 boys and 19 girls in 84 postural clubfeet with 39 bilateral involvements. The follow-up periods for both groups were one, three, and four months after starting the manipulation. The success of the manipulation was measured by the foot appearance, which was normally performed by physical examination. RESULTS: A comparison of the characteristics of newborns and parents in both groups showed no statistical differences, except the sex of the newborn. All newborns in both groups were one to six days old. The success rate after 4 months of manipulation in Group A was 71.8%, but it was 81% in Group B with no manipulation; results indicate no statistically significant difference (p = 0.16). The severity of the postural clubfeet indicated no statistical difference in the results of either group (p = 0.3). All cases were followed up at one year with 14% of the studyparticipants dropping out in Group A and 11% dropping out of the study in Group B. All postural clubfeet disappeared in every case within one year of birth except one case in Group A that required casting and one case in Group B that required a prescription for orthopaedic shoes. CONCLUSION: No clinical or statistical differences were found between newborns who received parent manipulation for the treatment of postural clubfoot and newborns who received no treatment. Spontaneous recovery occurred in most of the cases within four months of birth or not more than one year after birth.