RESUMO
Nurses who care for pregnant and laboring women are faced with an increasingly frequent use of pharmaceutical agents that facilitate initiation of labor (uterotropins), augment labor (uterotonics), or potentially stop labor (tocolytics). The choice of the drug, administration, side effects, and complications varies. Knowledge about uterine physiology helps the clinician understand the action of these agents. Knowledge of the differences and similarities among oxytoxics, ergots, prostaglandins, and the various drugs used as tocolytics is essential for safe and effective care of women and their fetuses who may be exposed to these agents.
Assuntos
Ocitócicos/uso terapêutico , Prostaglandinas/uso terapêutico , Tocolíticos/uso terapêutico , Útero/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Metilergonovina/farmacologia , Metilergonovina/uso terapêutico , Ocitócicos/farmacologia , Ocitocina/farmacologia , Ocitocina/uso terapêutico , Gravidez , Prostaglandinas/farmacologia , Tocolíticos/farmacologia , Útero/fisiologiaRESUMO
This article reviews the physiology and pathophysiology of selected endocrine glands. The common presenting clinical signs and symptoms are reviewed, and the initial laboratory tests that may establish the diagnosis are recommended. Diagnosis and management of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, pituitary disorders, diabetes mellitus (types I and II), hypoglycemia, and disorders of the adrenal cortex are discussed. The clinical management of the most commonly encountered endocrine disorders seen in the primary care setting is described, and pharmacologic considerations are underscored.
Assuntos
Doenças do Sistema Endócrino/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Sistema Endócrino/diagnóstico , Doenças do Sistema Endócrino/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Encaminhamento e ConsultaRESUMO
This article reviews hematopoiesis, the pathophysiology of selected hematological disorders, and the components of the health history and physical exam that are needed to make a complete assessment of women with a variety of hematological disorders. The laboratory testing and interpretation of tests that augment the assessment of women with signs and symptoms of hematological disorders are also included.
Assuntos
Doenças Hematológicas/fisiopatologia , Anemia/fisiopatologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos Sanguíneos , Feminino , Doenças Hematológicas/sangue , Doenças Hematológicas/diagnóstico , Doenças Hematológicas/enfermagem , Testes Hematológicos , Humanos , Leucopenia/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
The Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Sore Risk was designed to predict patients at risk of forming pressure sores and has been tested in a variety of settings. In two studies with a cumulative n of 199, the sensitivity was 100% using 16 as a cut-off and the specificity ranged from 64% to 90%. In this study of 361 patients in a large, tertiary, acute-care facility, the Braden Scale sensitivity was 73% and specificity was 91%. Using 16 as the cut-off point, this instrument would have over-predicted pressure sore formation, but, more importantly, inadequate preventative measures would have been provided for 27% of the patient population.
