RESUMO
The authors summarize information on the basic aspects of MRSA infections. Special attention is concentrated on the epidemiology of these infections, risk factors facilitating their transmission and spread in hospitals. Furthermore, this paper attempts to evaluate methods used to reduce their occurrence and pays attention to the procedures aimed at identifying the sources of infection, including carriers and patients. This study also deals with organizational procedures used to control transmission of MSRA infections in hospitals. Lastly, procedures of infection control practices applied abroad are compared with those implemented in our hospitals.
Assuntos
Controle de Infecções , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina , Infecções Estafilocócicas/prevenção & controle , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fatores de Risco , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologiaRESUMO
Until recently, viral hepatitis E (VHE) has typically been an imported infection, related to travel to developing countries. A number of travel-unrelated VHE cases currently diagnosed in the Czech Republic. Outcomes of the epidemiological investigations of two VHE outbreaks associated with the consumption of pork and pork products at pig-slaughtering feasts are presented. Thirteen cases have been reported in the first outbreak and eight cases in the second outbreak. The epidemiological investigations are described and the experience gained in analysing suspected biological specimens is presented. The source of infection has not been identified in the first outbreak while in the other one, a link between human cases and infection in farm pigs was revealed for the first time. Although the epidemiological investigation may not always lead to the detection of the VHE source, it must be conducted in any outbreak and can only be successful when done in cooperation of the public health authorities with the veterinary health agency.
