RESUMO
Fundamento: La modalidad de aprendizaje aula invertida se utiliza en la educación médica superior en todo el mundo; es necesario conocer cómo esta modalidad pueda ser aceptada por los estudiantes de Medicina en Cuba. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de satisfacción de los estudiantes de Medicina de 1.er año sobre la experiencia de aula invertida en la asignatura Células, tejidos y sistema tegumentario. Métodos: El estudio se realizó en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Sancti Spíritus, durante el curso 2019-2020. Fue un estudio transversal mixto (cuantitativo mediante encuesta y cualitativo mediante grupos focales) con estudiantes de 1.er año de Medicina que utilizaron la modalidad de aula invertida en la asignatura Células, tejidos y sistema tegumentario. La encuesta midió la variable satisfacción mediante una escala Likert. Los grupos focales exploraron en profundidad los aspectos abordados en la encuesta. Resultados: Se encuestaron 276 estudiantes (76.4 %). El 76.8 % de los encuestados expresaron su satisfacción con la experiencia del aula invertida (respondieron de acuerdo/muy de acuerdo) y el 79.7 % manifestaron preferir las videoconferencias a las conferencias tradicionales. Los estudiantes mostraron gran satisfacción por las videoconferencias y valoraron su importancia para el aprendizaje. Estos datos fueron corroborados por las opiniones en los grupos focales. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes mostraron satisfacción y preferencia por el aula invertida en la enseñanza tradicional. Las videoconferencias, elaboradas siguiendo los principios de Mayer y ajustadas a los objetivos de aprendizaje, resultan un recurso altamente valorado por los estudiantes y muy pertinente para la educación médica en Cuba.
Background: The inverted classroom learning modality is used in superior medical education worldwide; it is necessary of knowing how this modality can be accepted by medical students in Cuba. Objective: To determine the satisfaction level of 1st year medical students about the inverted classroom experience in the subject cells, tissues and integumentary system. Methodology: The study was conducted at the Sancti Spíritus Medical Sciences University, during the 2019-2020 school term. It was a mixed cross-sectional study (quantitative through survey and qualitative through focal groups) with 1st year medical students who utilized the inverted classroom modality in the subject cells, tissues and integumentary system. The survey measured the satisfaction variable using a Likert scale. The focal groups deeply explored the aspects covered in the survey. Results: 276 students (76.4%) were surveyed. 76.8% of interviewees expressed satisfaction with the inverted classroom experience ("agree/very much agree") and 79.7% claimed to prefer videoconferences instead of traditional conferences. The students showed great satisfaction for the videoconferences and valued its importance for learning. These data were corroborated by the opinions in the focal groups. Conclusions: Students showed satisfaction and preference for the inverted classroom over traditional teaching. Videoconferences, elaborated following the principles of Mayer and adjusted to the learning objectives, result in a highly valued resource by the students and very pertinent for medical education in Cuba.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The present retrospective study reviewed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cases recorded in Mexico between January 2007 and January 2017. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate overall survival (OS) in Mexican patients with APL. Secondary objective was to evaluate the impact of induction treatment with different anthracyclines on OS, event-free survival (EFS) and complications in this patient population. METHODS: The medical charts of patients referred to medical institutions in Mexico from January 2007 through January 2017 for the treatment of suspected APL were reviewed retrospectively. Patients aged 15 - 75 years, in whom the diagnosis of APL was confirmed, who had an Eastern Cooperative Group performance status of 0 - 2, and who were eligible for combined treatment with intensive chemotherapy and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), were included in the study. Study participants received induction and consolidation treatment with ATRA plus either daunorubicin or idarubicin, followed by 2 years of single-agent ATRA as maintenance therapy. Patients who were unable to pay for ATRA treatment received anthracycline-based induction and consolidation, with methotrexate plus mercaptopurine as maintenance therapy. RESULTS: A total of 360 patients from 21 public and private hospitals were included in the study. The median age of the population was 37 years, and 51% were male. Of the 360 patients, 205 (57%) vs. 155 (43%) received daunorubicin vs. idarubicin as induction treatment for APL. ATRA was administered to 201 (98%) patients in the daunorubicin group vs. 138 (89%) in the idarubicin group (P = 0.001), and was initiated at diagnosis in 92% vs. 73% of recipients, respectively (P = 0.0001). At 150 months, OS and EFS for the entire population were 84% and 79%, respectively. Both OS (90% vs. 76%, P = 0.003) and EFS (85% vs. 72%, P = 0.001) were significantly prolonged in daunorubicin vs. idarubicin recipients. Rates of complications were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: As arsenic trioxide (ATO) is not currently available in Mexico, anthracycline plus ATRA is the mainstay of treatment for APL here. Our results confirm the efficacy of this strategy, with high OS and EFS rates being observed 12.5 years after diagnosis.
