Distribución de un grupo de jóvenes fumadores con asma según los estadios de cambio. Comparación con un grupo sin asma / Distribution of a group of young smokers with asthma according to the change stages. Comparison with a group without asthma

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la distribución de un grupo de jóvenes asmáticos fumadores, según los estadios de cambio, y compararlo con otro grupo sin asma. En el grupo de asmáticos 230 (32,5%) jóvenes eran fumadores; 69 (30%), 126 (55%) y 35 (15%) se encontraban en la fase de precontemplación, contemplación y preparación, respectivamente. En el grupo sin asma 295 (43,35%) jóvenes se encontraban en la fase de contemplación, 300 (44,05%) en la de precontemplación y 86 (12,62%) en la de preparación. Se puede observar cómo el grupo de asmáticos se encuentra predominantemente en el estadio de contemplación (p < 0,05), y con un mayor número de intentos previos de dejar de fumar (p < 0,05) que los jóvenes sin asma. Aunque no de forma significativa la prevalencia de fumadores en el grupo de asmáticos fue menor que en el grupo de jóvenes sin asma (AU)

The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of smokers by stages of change in a group of young people with asthma in Spain and compare this group with another without asthma. Two hundred and thirty (32.5%) were smokers in the asthmatic group, 69 (30%), 126 (55%) and 35 (15%) were in the phase of precontemplation, contemplation and preparation respectively. In non-asthmatic group 295 (43.35%) were contemplating smoking cessation, 300 (44.05%) and 86 (12.62%) were in the phase of precontemplation and preparation respectively. We can see that asthmatic young people was predominant in contemplating stage (p < 0.05), with more previous attempts to stop smoking (p < 0.05) than young people without asthma. The prevalence of smoking was lower in asthmatic young people, but not significantly, than average for healthy young people but they are better positioned to the right in the smoking stage of change behaviour (AU)

Introducción de un tubo de drenaje torácico en la vena cava / Insertion of a chest drainage tube into the vena cava

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[Attitudes to smoking and characteristics of the habit among a group of young asthmatics compared to a group of non-asthmatics]. / Actitudes ante el tabaquismo y características del hábito de un grupo de asmáticos jóvenes comparado con un grupo sin asma.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the attitudes toward smoking and smoking patterns of young male asthmatics with the attitudes and habits of a group previously studied non-asthmatic men. POPULATION AND METHODS: Volunteers responded individually to as anonymous questionnaire. RESULTS: Responses were received from 488 asthmatics men (55.83%) of the sample, with 11 not responding) and 386 non-asthmatics (44.16%, with 27 not responding). The mean age of subjects was 19.91 +/- 2.76 yr. Smoking asthmatics numbered 154 (31.56%) non-asthmatic smokers numbered 207 (53.6%) (p < 0.001). Eighteen asthmatics (3.68%) and 6 (1.55%) non-asthmatics were ex-smokers. The mean age of initiation was 15.20 +/- 2.42 for asthmatics and 15.08 +/- 2.41 for non-asthmatics. Smoking was established at a mean age of 16.56 +/- 2.04 yr for asthmatics and 16.47 +/- 2.18 yr for non-asthmatics. Sixty-two percent of asthmatics smoked fewer than 10 cigarettes/day whereas 55% of non-asthmatics smoked between 11 and 20 cigarettes/day. The mean Fagerström score were 2.59 +/- 2.2 for asthmatics and 4.66 +/- 2.2 for non-asthmatics (p < 0.001). Fifty-four percent of asthmatics and 47% non-asthmatics were considering quitting. Sixty-five percent of asthmatics and 44% of non-asthmatics had previously tried to quit (p < 0.01) and mean duration of abstinence was 4.6 +/- 3.8 months and 3.8 +/- 4.6, respectively (p < 0.05). No differences were found in the reason for starting to smoke. We found that the companions and friends of asthmatics smoked less than did the friend and acquaintances of non-asthmatics (p < 0.001), although that differences was not found for relatives, the friends, relatives and companions of smoking asthmatics smoked more than did those of non-smoking asthmatics. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of smoking is lower among asthmatics than among non-asthmatics and asthmatics smoke fewer cigarettes/day and have a lower level of addiction. There are no differences in age of or reasons for starting to smoke. Asthmatics have fewer smoking friends than do non-asthmatics and non-smoking asthmatics have fever still. the desire to quit smoking is high in both groups.

Actitudes ante el tabaquismo y características del hábito de un grupo de asmáticos jóvenes comparado con un grupo sin asma / Smoking among young asthmatic and non-asthmatic men: attitudes and patterns

Objetivo: Conocer qué actitudes y características presenta el hábito tabáquico en jóvenes asmáticos comparándolos con un grupo de jóvenes no asmáticos ya estudiado previamente. Población y métodos: Se realizó una encuesta, anónima, personal y voluntaria. Resultados: Contestaron a la encuesta 488 asmáticos (el 55,83 por ciento, 11 no contestaron) y 386 (44,16 por ciento, 27 no contestaron) no asmáticos varones. La edad media fue de 19,91 ñ 2,76. El 31,56 por ciento (154) de los asmáticos fumaba frente al 53,67 por ciento (207) de los no asmáticos (p < 0,001), eran ex fumadores en el grupo de asmáticos un 3,68 por ciento (18) frente a un 1,55 por ciento (6) de los no asmáticos. La edad media de inicio fue de 15,20 ñ 2,42 años en asmáticos frente a 15,08 ñ 2,41 en no asmáticos. La edad media de consumo regular fue de 16,56 ñ 2,04 años en asmáticos frente a 16,47 ñ 2,18 en no asmáticos. El 62 por ciento de los asmáticos fumaba menos de 10 cigarrillos/día mientras que el 55 por ciento de los no asmáticos fumaba entre 11 y 20 cigarrillos/día. El valor medio del test de Fagerström para los asmáticos fue de 2,59 ñ 2,2 frente a 4,66 ñ 2,2 en no asmáticos (p < 0,001). Un 54 por ciento de los asmáticos y un 47 por ciento de los no asmáticos estarían dispuestos a dejar el hábito. Han realizado intentos previos un 65 por ciento frente un 44 por ciento de los no asmáticos (p < 0,01), con una duración media de 4,6 ñ 3,8 meses frente 3,8 ñ 4,6 en no asmáticos (p < 0,05). No hubo diferencias en cuanto al motivo de inicio del hábito. Encontramos que los compañeros y amigos fumadores de asmáticos fuman menos en proporción que los de los no asmáticos (p < 0,001), no así los familiares. Fuman más los amigos, familiares y compañeros fumadores de asmáticos fumadores. Conclusiones: Existe una menor prevalencia de asmáticos fumadores con un menor número de cigarrillos por día y menor dependencia. No encontramos diferencias en cuanto a la edad y motivo de inicio. Hay un menor número de fumadores en el entorno social del asmático comparado con los no asmáticos, y menor proporción de fumadores en el entorno del asmático no fumador. Existe gran motivación para dejar el hábito en ambos grupos. (AU)

Tabaco y publicidad / Tobacco advertising

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[Smoking in young military men: attitudes and characteristics]. / Hábito tabáquico en jóvenes en edad militar: actitudes y características.

This study aimed to determine the attitudes toward smoking and the characteristics of smoking patterns in young men of military age. Individuals performing their military service were surveyed using a self-administered, anonymous, personal and voluntary questionnaire. Questions were included on smoking habits, social context, and desire to quit. Responses were received from 386 (93.46%) subjects, all male, whose mean age was 20.52 +/- 2.3 years. The sample included 207 smokers (53.62%), 173 non smokers (44.81%) and 6 ex-smokers (1.55%). Mean age of initiation was 15.07 +/- 2.4 years and mean age of start of habitual smoking was 16.46 +/- 2.2 years. The main reasons for starting to smoke were curiosity (39.73%) and peer pressure (29.45%). Between 11 and 20 cigarettes/day were smoked by 53.74%. Those who began before 18 years of age smoked more than those who began after age 19. Light tobacco was smoked by 90.87%. Non smokers had fewer friends and family members who smoked than did smokers (p < 0.05). The proportion of moderate smokers was 78.85%. Forty-three percent were found to be in a phase of thinking about quitting, and 48.19% had previously tried to quit. Anxiety is the most common cause of re-commencement. Stress was cited most often as the reason for increased smoking. We conclude that the prevalence of daily smoking is high among young men, who begin smoking regularly at 16 years of age. Those who begin later smoke less. The influence of friends and family members on initiation and maintenance of smoking is great. Half the smokers contemplated quitting and reported a high number of earlier attempts to stop. We believe that military quarters are an ideal place for health education and promotion, offering the possibility of designing special programs for decreasing the prevalence of smoking among adults.