Lifetime psychiatric disorders: A comparison study between offspring of parents with bipolar disorder type-I versus the offspring of community controls parents / Trastornos psiquiátricos a través de la vida: un estudio de comparación de hijos de padres con trastorno afectivo bipolar tipo I frente a hijos de padres controles de la comunidad

Abstract Introduction: Literature reports show that bipolar offspring (BO) present with a wide range of psychiatric disorders. Comparison between BO and control parent offspring (CPO) may help to identify which psychopathological findings are specific to this high-risk group. Objective: To compare the psychopathological characteristics between a group of BO type-I and a group of CPO, by identifying the presence of psychiatric disorders according the DSM-IV-TR. Methods: A descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional and comparative study was conducted with 127 offspring of parents with bipolar disorder type-I from the multimodal intervention programme (PRISMA) and with 150 CPO between 6 and 30 years of age. Subjects were evaluated with validated diagnostic interviews (K-SADS-PL and DIGS). Results: The BO group showed higher frequencies for bipolar disorder (prevalence ratio [PR] = 17.70; 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.02-306.83), bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (PR = 23.07, 95% CI; 2.8-189.0, p = 0.0001), disorders due to psychoactive substance use (PR = 9.52,95% CI; 2.93-30.90), oppositional defiant disorder (PR = 4.10,95% CI; 1.70-9.89), posttraumatic stress disorder (PR = 3.90, 95% CI 1.30-11.66), disorder due to alcohol use (PR = 3.84, 95% CI; 1.28-11.48), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (PR = 2.26, 95% CI; 1.37-3.75), and major depressive disorder (PR = 2.25, 95% CI; 1.13-4.50). Statistically significant differences were also found in the CGAS and GAF functional scales, with lower scores for the BO group. Conclusion: These findings confirm previous literature reports showing that BO have higher rates of affective and non-affective psychiatric disorders than control subjects, and also a lower level of global functioning.

Resumen Introducción: Reportes en la literatura muestran que los Hijos de Padres con Trastorno Bipolar tipo I (HPTB) manifiestan un amplio rango de trastornos psiquiátricos. La comparación entre los HPTB y los Hijos de Padres Control (HPC) permite establecer cuáles hallazgos psicopatológicos son específicos de este grupo de alto riesgo. Objetivo: Comparar las características psicopatológicas entre un grupo de HPTB tipo I y un grupo de HPC, mediante la identificación de la presencia de trastornos psiquiátricos según el DSM-IV-TR. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-correlacional, comparativo de corte transversal con 127 Hijos de Padres con TAB tipo I (HPTB-I) dentro de un programa de intervención multimodal (PRISMA) y 150 HPC, con edades entre los seis y 30 años. Los sujetos fueron evaluados con entrevistas diagnósticas validados (K-SADS-PL y DIGS). Resultados: El grupo de HPTB mostró mayor frecuencias de trastorno bipolar (Razón de Prevalencia [RP] = 17,70; Intervalo de Confianza [IC] del 95%, 1,02-306,83), trastorno bipolar no especificado (RP = 23,07, IC 95% 2,8 -189, p = 0.0001), trastorno por uso de sustancias psi-coactivas (RP = 9,52; IC 95%, 2,93-30,90), trastorno oposicionista desafiante (RP = 4,10; IC 95%, 1,70-9,89); trastorno de estrés postraumático (RP = 3,90; IC 95%, 1,30-11,66), trastorno por uso de alcohol (RP = 3,84; IC 95%, 1,2811,48), trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (RP = 2,26; IC 95%, 1,37-3,75) y trastorno depresivo mayor (RP = 2,25; IC 95%, 1,13-4,50). También se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las escalas de funcionalidad CGAS y GAF, con menor puntaje en el grupo de HPB. Conclusión: Estos hallazgos confirman reportes previos de la literatura que demuestran que los HPTB presentan mayores tasas de trastornos psiquiátricos afectivos y no afectivos, y una menor nivel de funcionalidad global, al ser comparados con sujetos controles de la comunidad.

[Lifetime Psychiatric Disorders: a Comparision Study Between Offspring of Parents With Bipolar Disorder Type-I Versus the Offspring of Community Controls Parents]. / Trastornos psiquiátricos a través de la vida: un estudio de comparación de hijos de padres con trastorno afectivo bipolar tipo I frente a hijos de padres controles de la comunidad.

INTRODUCTION: Literature reports show that Bipolar Offspring (BO) present with a wide range of psychiatric disorders. Comparison between BO and Control Parent Offspring (CPO) may help to identify which psychopathological findings are specific to this high-risk group. OBJECTIVE: To compare the psychopathological characteristics between a group of BO type-I and a group of CPO, by identifying the presence of psychiatric disorders according the DSM-IV-TR. METHODS: A descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional and comparative study was conducted with 127 offspring of parents with bipolar disorder type-I from the multimodal intervention program (PRISMA) and with 150 CPO between 6 and 30 years of age. Subjects were evaluated with validated diagnostic interviews (K-SADS-PL and DIGS). RESULTS: The BO group showed higher frequencies for bipolar disorder (Prevalence Ratio [PR]=17.70; 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.02 - 306.83), bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (PR=23.07, 95% CI; 2.8 - 189.0, P=.0001), disorders due to psychoactive substance use (PR=9.52, 95% CI; 2.93 -30.90), oppositional defiant disorder (PR=4.10, 95% CI; 1.70 -9.89), posttraumatic stress disorder (PR=3.90, 95% CI 1.30 -11.66), disorder due to alcohol use (PR=3.84, 95% CI; 1.28 -11.48), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (PR=2.26, 95% CI; 1.37 -3.75), and major depressive disorder (PR=2.25, 95% CI; 1.13 -4.50). Statistically significant differences were also found in the CGAS and GAF functional scales, with lower scores for the BO group. CONCLUSION: These findings confirm previous literature reports showing that BO have higher rates of affective and non-affective psychiatric disorders than control subjects, and also a lower level of global functioning.

[Description of Clinical and Neurocognitive Profiles in Offspring of Bipolar-Type-I Parents From a Multimodal Intervention Program: Prisma]. / Descripción de perfiles psicopatológicos y neurocognitivos de hijos de pacientes con trastorno bipolar tipo I dentro un programa de intervencion multimodal: PRISMA.

INTRODUCTION: Offspring of bipolar parents are a high risk population for the develop of mental diseases, their study allow determining the genetic risk, early symptoms, prodromes and psychopathology of bipolar disorder. OBJECTIVE: To describe the psychopathological characteristics and neurocognitives profiles of the offspring of bipolar type I parents. And to identify the presence of sub-syndromal symptoms in all the symptom domains. METHODS: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on 110 offspring between 6 and 30 years old. Semi-structured diagnostic interviews were performed. The intelectual coeficient was determined and a neuropsychological assessment was performed on 89 offspring. RESULTS: The most prevalent disorder in the offspring was ADHD (27.6%), with major depression (15.5%) and separation anxiety (14.1%) also being prevalent. Seven patients of the sample were diagnosed with bipolar disorder. There was a statistically significant difference between the age groups for ADHD prevalence. The most frequent sub-syndromal symptoms were observed in the disruptive group. Alterations in the cognitive domains: attention, verbal fluency, work memory, and speed of information processing, were observed in the group younger than 18 years. CONCLUSIONS: The offspring of bipolar parents have an elevated rate of psychopathology and cognitive alterations. They are a high risk population for the development of mental disease. These subjects also require close longitudinal observation and early and preventive therapeuthic interventions.

Descripción de perfiles psicopatológicos y neurocognitivos de hijos de pacientes con trastorno bipolar tipo I dentro un programa de intervencion multimodal: PRISMA / Description of Clinical and Neurocognitive Profiles in Offspring of Bipolar-Type-I Parents From a Multimodal Intervention Program: Prisma

Introducción: Los hijos de pacientes con trastorno bipolar (HPTB) son una población de alto riesgo de sufrir trastornos mentales; su observación permite apreciar el riesgo genético, los síntomas tempranos, los pródromos y la psicopatología del trastorno bipolar (TB). Objetivo: Describir las características psicopatológicas y los perfiles neurocognitivos de los HPTB tipo I. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en el cual se incluyó a 110 HPTB de 6 a 30 arios de edad. Se hicieron entrevistas diagnósticas semiestructuradas, se determinó el coeficiente intelectual y se aplicó una valoración neuropsicológica a 49 de los HPTB. Resultados: Los diagnósticos más prevalentes entre los HPTB fueron: trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (27,6%), trastorno depresivo mayor (15,5%) y trastorno de ansiedad por separación (14,1%). A 7 HPTB se les diagnóstico TB. Los síntomas subumbrales más frecuentes, fueron los del grupo de los trastornos disruptivos. Además, en los HPTB menores de 18 años, se observaron alteraciones en los dominios cognitivos: atención, fluidez verbal, memoria de trabajo y velocidad de procesamiento de la información. Conclusiones: Los HPTB presentan una elevada tasa de psicopatologías y alteraciones cognitivas; son una población de alto riesgo de enfermedad mental que requiere estrecha observación longitudinal e intervenciones terapéuticas y preventivas tempranas.

Introduction: Offspring of bipolar parents are a high risk population for the develop of mental diseases, their study allow determining the genetic risk, early symptoms, prodromes and psychopathology of bipolar disorder. Objective: To describe the psychopathological characteristics and neurocognitives profiles of the offspring of bipolar type I parents. And to identify the presence of sub-syndromal symptoms in all the symptom domains. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on 110 offspring between 6 and 30 years old. Semi-structured diagnostic interviews were performed. The intelectual coeficient was determined and a neuropsychological assessment was performed on 89 offspring. Results:The most prevalent disorder in the offspring was ADHD (27.6%), with major depression (15.5%) and separation anxiety (14.1%) also being prevalent. Seven patients of the sample were diagnosed with bipolar disorder. There was a statistically significant difference between the age groups for ADHD prevalence. The most frequent sub-syndromal symptoms were observed in the disruptive group. Alterations in the cognitive domains: attention, verbal fluency, work memory, and speed of information processing, were observed in the group younger than 18 years. Conclusions: The offspring of bipolar parents have an elevated rate of psychopathology and cognitive alterations. They are a high risk population for the development of mental disease. These subjects also require close longitudinal observation and early and preventive therapeuthic interventions.