RESUMO
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in adults. The improvement of the efficacy of GBM treatment is an urgent problem encouraging the development of novel therapeutic strategies, in particular, immunotherapeutic modalities. With more understanding of the intimate interrelationships between the immune system and the mechanisms involved in cancer origin and progression, the skepticism related to the relevance of the immunotherapeutic approaches in the treatment of brain tumors is gradually decreasing. The review discloses the modern concepts on the association between CNS and the immune system. For a long time, CNS was considered as the immunoprivileged site that prevents the effects of immunotherapy in the treatment of brain tumors. Nowadays, these views are reconsidered, which opens the way to the use of immunotherapeutic approaches in GBM treatment. The results of the recent clinical trials on immunotherapy as a supplement to the conventional GBM treatment are considered. Vaccines based on the dendritic cell (DC) technology are regarded as the most promising for this purpose. The preliminary results of the Ukrainian clinical study are also presented and discussed. The results of the international clinical trials as well as our own experience give evidence of the relevance for using DC vaccines in the complex treatment of GBM, which is supported by the increased survival of patients and the safety of vaccine application. It is of high importance that GBM patients with the most unfavorable prognosis can benefit from DC vaccines as a component of the complex treatment. The prospects for immunotherapy in neurooncology are discussed.
