Trasplante ortotópico de hígado en la poliquistosis hepática / Orthotopic liver transplantation in polycystic liver disease

Introducción A día de hoy no existe una terapia médica eficaz para la poliquistosis hepática (PQH), considerándose tratamientos paliativos la punción quística con escleroterapia, la fenestración o la hepatectomía parcial. El trasplante ortotópico de hígado (TOH) es el tratamiento de elección para la PQH terminal, estando indicado en pacientes con síntomas limitantes no susceptibles de recibir tratamiento médico. Con la aplicación del sistema Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) es difícil determinar la prioridad en la lista de espera.MétodosAnálisis retrospectivo de los TOH por PQH realizados consecutivamente en nuestro centro. Los criterios de inclusión para TOH en pacientes con síntomas limitantes fueron la presencia de poliquistosis bilateral (Gigot tipo iii ) y la hepatomegalia masiva con un hígado remanente insuficiente que imposibilitara una hepatectomía. Se realizó de donante cadáver con técnica piggy-back sin by-pass veno-venoso.ResultadosEntre abril de 1992 y abril de 2010 se realizaron 6 TOH, uno de ellos combinando trasplante hepatorrenal. La media de transfusión fue 3,25 concentrados de hematíes y 1.200 cc de plasma fresco congelado. El tiempo quirúrgico medio fue 299 min y 498 min en el hepatorrenal. No hubo mortalidad perioperatoria. La media de hospitalización fue 6,5 días, permaneciendo sanos todos los pacientes tras una media de seguimiento de 71 meses.ConclusiónEl TOH ofrece una excelente supervivencia global. Los resultados son mejores cuando el trasplante se realiza de una manera precoz, por lo que estos pacientes deberían recibir una puntuación adicional para poder emplear el MELD como una escala válida (AU)

Introduction There is currently no effective medical therapy for polycystic liver (PCL). Cyst puncture and sclerotherapy, cyst fenestration, or partial hepatic resections have been used as palliative treatments. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has become the treatment of choice for terminal PCL, being indicated in patients with limiting symptoms not susceptible to any other medical treatment. It is also difficult to determine the priority on the waiting list using the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD).MethodsA retrospective analysis of OLT for PCL was conducted in our centre. Inclusion criteria were patients with limiting symptoms, bilateral cysts liver, and insufficient remaining liver. In all cases a deceased donor liver transplantation with piggy-back technique without veno-venous bypass was performed.ResultsSix patients underwent liver transplantation for PCL between April 1992 and April 2010, one of them a combined liver-kidney transplantation. The mean intraoperative packed red blood cell transfusion was 3.25 L and fresh frozen plasma was 1.200 cc. Mean operation time was 299 min, and 498 min in the liver-kidney transplantation. There was no peri-operative mortality. The mean hospital stay was 6.5 days. All patients are healthy after a mean follow-up of 71 months.ConclusionOLT offers an excellent overall survival. Results are better when OLT is performed early; thus these patients should receive additional points to be able to use the MELD score as a valid prioritisation system for waiting lists (AU)

Adult hepatoblastoma.

Adult hepatoblastoma (AHB) is a very rare tumor, having been described 45 cases up to June 2012. In contrast to HB in infancy (IHB), it has poor prognosis. We present the case of a 37-year-old asymptomatic woman who consulted for a large -12 cm diameter- mass involving segments 5 and 6 of the liver, and alfa-fetoprotein of 1,556,30 UI/mL. A bisegmentectomy was carried out. The microscopic study confirmed the AHB diagnosis, revealing the presence of epithelial cells forming clusters, trabecular patterns and tubules. The patient died on the 10th postoperative month due to progression disease.The Wnt/Beta-Catenin signaling pathway mutation has been reported and associated with a poor prognosis in IHB. Due to the AHB poor prognosis, seems reasonable to introduce the therapeutic regimens described in children who have a better outcome.

Hepatoblastoma en el adulto / Adult hepatoblastoma

El hepatoblastoma (HB) en el adulto (HBA) es un tumor muy infrecuente del que se han descrito 45 casos hasta junio de 2012. A diferencia del HB en la infancia (HBI), tiene un pronóstico fatal. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 37 años, asintomática, que consulta por una masa hepática de 12 cm de diámetro que ocupa los segmentos 5 y 6 del hígado, alfa-fetoproteína de 1.556,30 UI/ml. Se realizó bisegmentectomía. La histología confirmó el diagnóstico de HB con presencia de células epiteliales formando túbulos y estructuras trabecu - lares con marcadores para hepatocitos y colangiocitos. La enferma falleció a los 10 meses por progresión de la enfermedad. Recientemente se ha confirmado la mutación en la vía de señalización Wnt/β- Catenina en el HBI y su relación con un pronóstico peor. Debido a su mal pronóstico, parece lógico aplicar las pautas terapéuticas descritas en la población infantil, en la que se obtienen mejores resultados(AU)

Adult hepatoblastoma (AHB) is a very rare tumor, having been described 45 cases up to June 2012. In contrast to HB in infancy (IHB), it has poor prognosis. We present the case of a 37-year-old asymptomatic woman who consulted for a large –12 cm diameter– mass involving segments 5 and 6 of the liver, and alfa-fetoprotein of 1,556,30 UI/mL. A bisegmentectomy was carried out. The microscopic study confirmed the AHB diagnosis, revealing the presence of epithelial cells forming clusters, trabecular patterns and tubules. The patient died on the 10th postoperative month due to progression disease. The Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway mutation has been reported and associated with a poor prognosis in IHB. Due to the AHB poor prognosis, seems reasonable to introduce the therapeutic regimens described in children who have a better outcome(AU)

[Orthotopic liver transplantation in polycystic liver disease]. / Trasplante ortotópico de hígado en la poliquistosis hepática.

INTRODUCTION: There is currently no effective medical therapy for polycystic liver (PCL). Cyst puncture and sclerotherapy, cyst fenestration, or partial hepatic resections have been used as palliative treatments. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has become the treatment of choice for terminal PCL, being indicated in patients with limiting symptoms not susceptible to any other medical treatment. It is also difficult to determine the priority on the waiting list using the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of OLT for PCL was conducted in our centre. Inclusion criteria were patients with limiting symptoms, bilateral cysts liver, and insufficient remaining liver. In all cases a deceased donor liver transplantation with piggy-back technique without veno-venous bypass was performed. RESULTS: Six patients underwent liver transplantation for PCL between April 1992 and April 2010, one of them a combined liver-kidney transplantation. The mean intraoperative packed red blood cell transfusion was 3.25 L and fresh frozen plasma was 1.200 cc. Mean operation time was 299 min, and 498 min in the liver-kidney transplantation. There was no peri-operative mortality. The mean hospital stay was 6.5 days. All patients are healthy after a mean follow-up of 71 months. CONCLUSION: OLT offers an excellent overall survival. Results are better when OLT is performed early; thus these patients should receive additional points to be able to use the MELD score as a valid prioritisation system for waiting lists.

Resección totalmente laparoscópica de lesiones sólidas hepáticas: análisis de una serie institucional de 71 casos / Totally laparoscopic resection of solid hepatic lesions: analysis of a single-centre series of 71 cases

Objetivo: Valoración de los resultados de una serie institucional de resecciones de lesiones sólidas hepáticas realizadas mediante abordaje totalmente laparoscópico. Pacientes y método Desde noviembre de 2002 hasta febrero de 2012 hemos realizado 71 resecciones de lesiones sólidas hepáticas con abordaje totalmente laparoscópico: 65 por enfermedad maligna y 6 por enfermedad benigna. Se extirparon 21 hepatocarcinomas, 16 sobre hígado cirrótico. Se realizaron 52 (73,2%) resecciones limitadas, 14 seccionectomías (3 posteriores derechas y 11 laterales izquierdas). Finalmente, 5 resecciones hepáticas mayores: 3 hepatectomías izquierdas y 2 derechas. En 14 casos (19,7%) se asoció algún otro procedimiento quirúrgico (colecistectomía no incluida).Del total, 41 (57,7%) lesiones se localizaron en segmentos anteriores (SA) y 30 (42,3%) en segmentos posterosuperiores (SPS).Resultados Hubo 2 conversiones a cirugía abierta (2,8%).Cinco pacientes requirieron transfusión intraoperatoria (7%). La mediana de estancia fue de 4 días (3-5). Hubo un fallecimiento (1,4%) y una reintervención por fístula de anastomosis esófago-yeyunal. Los márgenes de resección estuvieron libres de tumor en el 100% de los casos. La cirugía asociada supuso un aumento significativo en la tasa de morbilidad (35,7 frente a 7%, p=0,012). Las resecciones en SPS no mostraron diferencias en cuanto a índice de complicaciones (p=0,28), transfusión (p=0,69) o estancia hospitalaria (p=0,44) frente a resecciones de SA. Conclusión El abordaje totalmente laparoscópico es factible y seguro en la resección de lesiones hepáticas sólidas. La cirugía asociada puede suponer un aumento significativo en la tasa de morbilidad. Las resecciones de lesiones localizadas en SPS pueden realizarse con igual seguridad que en SA (AU)

Objective: To assess the results of a single-centre series of solid hepatic lesion resections using a totally laparoscopic approach. Patients and method: A total of 71 solid hepatic lesion resections using a totally laparoscopic approach were performed from November 2002 to February 2012. Of these, 65 were due to malignant disease, and 6 due to benign diseases. A total of 21 hepatocellular carcinomas were removed, 16 on a cirrhotic liver. Limited resections were performed in 52 (73.2%) cases, as well as 14 sectionectomies (3 right posterior and 11 left laterals). Finally, there were 5 major liver resections: 3 left and 2 right hepatectomies. In 14 cases (19.7%) it was combined with some other surgical procedure (cholecystectomy not included). The lesions were located in the anterior segments (SA) in 41 cases (57.7%) and in postero-superior segments (PSS) in 30 cases. Results: There were 2 (2.8%) conversions to open surgery. Five (7%) patients required transfusions during surgery. The median hospital stay was 4 (3-5) days. There was one(1.4%) death, and one patient required further surgery due to esophagojejunal anastomoticleak. The resection margins were tumour-free in 100% of the cases. Combined surgery (..) (AU)

[Giant duodenal ulcer perforation: a case of innovative repair with an antrum gastric patch]. / Perforación de ulcus gigante duodenal: reparación innovadora mediante una plastia del antro gástrico.

BACKGROUNDS: the treatment of a perforated giant duodenal ulcer (GUDs) represents a formidable surgical challenge regarding the duodenal wall defect repair in severe peritonitis setting. A high incidence of dehiscence and hospital mortality (15-40%- has been reported with the majority of the techniques). We report a case of GUDs perforation successfully treated with a subtotal gastrectomy and a gastric patch with the remnant antrum, for repairing the duodenal defect. CASE REPORT: a 63-years-old man with antecedents of peptic ulcer disease presents a large duodenal ulcer perforation with 48 hrs delay and associated with severe peritonitis and a retroperitoneal collection. A subtotal gastrectomy with Billroth II reconstruction and reconstruction of the duodenal defect with a patch of the remnant antrum was carried out. The patient was discharged at 17th postoperative day with good tolerance. DISCUSSION: the duodenal defect repair with a patch of the remant antrum, represents a valid alternative in similar circumstances. To our knowledge, it appears to be the first clinical description of this technique.

Perforación de ulcus gigante duodenal: reparación innovadora mediante una plastia del antro gástrico / Giant duodenal ulcer perforation: a case of innovative repair with an antrum gastric patch

Antecedentes: el tratamiento de un ulcus duodenal gigante (UDG; > 2 cm) perforado entraña una gran dificultad técnica, por la reparación del gran defecto duodenal; y por la peritonitis sobreañadida. Todas las técnicas descritas se asocian con un índice elevado de dehiscencias y una mortalidad del 15-40%. Describimos por primera vez el caso de un UDG perforado, tratado mediante una gastrectomía subtotal y con una plastia del antro gástrico remanente. Caso clínico: varón de 63 años que se interviene de un UDG perforado en la 2ª porción duodenal asociado con peritonitis severa y disección de la gotiera parieto-cólica derecha retroperitoneo. Se realiza gastrectomía tipo Bilroth II y reparación del defecto duodenal mediante una plastia con la pared del antro gástrico remanente. El paciente fue dado de alta a los 17 días. Discusión: la reparación del defecto duodenal con una plastia del antro gástrico, puede ser una opción muy valiosa en situaciones similares a la descrita. En nuestro conocimiento, se trata de la primera descripción clínica de esta técnica(AU)

Backgrounds: the treatment of a perforated giant duodenal ulcer (GUDs) represents a formidable surgical challenge regarding the duodenal wall defect repair in severe peritonitis setting. A high incidence of dehiscence and hospital mortality (15-40%- has been reported with the majority of the techniques). We report a case of GUDs perforation successfully treated with a subtotal gastrectomy and a gastric patch with the remnant antrum, for repairing the duodenal defect. Case report: a 63-years-old man with antecedents of peptic ulcer disease presents a large duodenal ulcer perforation with 48 hrs delay and associated with severe peritonitis and a retroperitoneal collection. A subtotal gastrectomy with Billroth II reconstruction and reconstruction of the duodenal defect with a patch of the remnant antrum was carried out. The patient was discharged at 17th postoperative day with good tolerance. Discussion: the duodenal defect repair with a patch of the remant antrum, represents a valid alternative in similar circumstances. To our knowledge, it appears to be the first clinical description of this technique(AU)

[Totally laparoscopic resection of solid hepatic lesions: analysis of a single-centre series of 71 cases]. / Resección totalmente laparoscópica de lesiones sólidas hepáticas: análisis de una serie institucional de 71 casos.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the results of a single-centre series of solid hepatic lesion resections using a totally laparoscopic approach. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A total of 71 solid hepatic lesion resections using a totally laparoscopic approach were performed from November 2002 to February 2012. Of these, 65 were due to malignant disease, and 6 due to benign diseases. A total of 21 hepatocellular carcinomas were removed, 16 on a cirrhotic liver. Limited resections were performed in 52 (73.2%) cases, as well as 14 sectionectomies (3 right posterior and 11 left laterals). Finally, there were 5 major liver resections: 3 left and 2 right hepatectomies. In 14 cases (19.7%) it was combined with some other surgical procedure (cholecystectomy not included). The lesions were located in the anterior segments (SA) in 41 cases (57.7%) and in postero-superior segments (PSS) in 30 cases. RESULTS: There were 2 (2.8%) conversions to open surgery. Five (7%) patients required transfusions during surgery. The median hospital stay was 4 (3-5) days. There was one (1.4%) death, and one patient required further surgery due to esophagojejunal anastomotic leak. The resection margins were tumour-free in 100% of the cases. Combined surgery showed a significant increase in the morbidity rate (35.7 compared to 7%, p=.012). There were no differences in regards to complication rate (p=.28), transfusions (p=.69) or hospital stay (p=.44) with PSS resections when compared to AS resections. CONCLUSION: The totally laparoscopic approach is feasible and safe in the resection of solid liver lesions. Combined surgery can significantly increase the morbidity rate. Resections of lesions situated in PSS can be performed with similar safety to those in SA.

A novel extra-glissonian approach for totally laparoscopic left hepatectomy.

INTRODUCTION: We describe a novel extra-glissonian approach (EGA) for totally laparoscopic left hepatectomy. Published techniques for totally laparoscopic left hepatectomy generally involve the selective ligation of the vascular and biliary elements of the left pedicle. The laparoscopic dissection of these structures can be tedious, difficult, and dangerous. The EGA has proven useful in open surgery for major hepatectomies. We feel that this approach could be even more useful in the laparoscopic context. METHODS: We describe an extra-glissonian laparoscopic technique in which the left pedicle is isolated extraparenchymally, detaching the left hilar plate, with particular attention to preserving the branch for segment I. The left portal triad is encircled with a cotton tape and transected with an endostapler. This is performed totally extraparenchymally without damaging the surrounding parenchyma. RESULTS: This EGA technique for laparoscopic left hepatectomy follows by laparoscopy the same steps and recommendations that make the EGA safe and effective in open surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The EGA for LLH can be performed as described in open surgery, therefore offering the same advantages.

Open tension-free hernioplasty using a novel lightweight self-gripping mesh: medium-term experience from two institutions.

PURPOSE: The process of mesh fixation and the potential risk of associated chronic pain are always surgeon's main concerns in hernia surgery. A wide variety of lightweight mesh models are currently available on the market to overcome some of these problems showing good preliminary results, but no data representing the medium- or long-term results. The present study aims to report the clinical outcomes of two institutional series of patients who underwent hernia repair using a partially absorbable auto adherent mesh (Parietene™ Progrip™--PP). METHODS: A prospective analysis was performed including unselected patients with primary groin hernia who underwent a standardized Lichtenstein procedure using the PP mesh at two tertiary institutions. RESULTS: During the 2-year study period, 181 patients (167 males; 14 females) with a median age of 63 years (19-85 years) were operated on at both centers. Short-term complications occurred in 27 patients (15%), the most commonly seen being urinary retention (6%) followed by hematoma (5%) and acute orchitis (2%). With a median follow-up of 17 months (12-29 months), 4 patients (2%) had a feeling of a foreign body in the groin, and 7 (4%) developed chronic pain. A total of four patients (2%) developed recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, the use of the PP mesh for hernioplasties offers a potential benefit not only in the short-term period but also in a medium-term follow-up with low recurrence and late chronic pain rates. However, this particular mesh does not fully prevent all complications and chronic pain and recurrent hernias have been reported for the first time.

Análisis de la morbilidad postoperatoria en pacientes con adenocarcinoma gástrico tratados según protocolo de quimiorradioterapia preoperatoria y cirugía / Analysis of postoperative morbidity in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma treated using a protocol of preoperative chemoradiotherapy and surgery

Introducción El impacto del tratamiento neoadyuvante sobre las complicaciones postoperatorias en el cáncer de estómago es motivo de controversia. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la morbilidad y la mortalidad postoperatoria en un grupo de pacientes a los que se les había aplicado un protocolo de quimiorradioterapia preoperatoria, así como identificar posibles factores de riesgo que se asocian al desarrollo de complicaciones. Material y métodos Entre junio de 2005 y junio de 2008, pacientes diagnosticados de adenocarcinoma gástrico localmente avanzado se intervinieron en nuestro Centro tras haber seguido un protocolo de quimiorradioterapia preoperatoria. Se recogieron prospectivamente los datos sobre morbilidad y mortalidad postoperatoria y se analizaron las variables dependientes relacionadas con los pacientes, con el tipo de intervención y las características tumorales. Resultados Se evaluaron 40 pacientes. La morbilidad y la mortalidad global fue del 32,5% (13 pacientes) y del 2,5% (un paciente), respectivamente. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron la neumonía en el 12,9% y la sepsis por catéter en el 9,7% de los pacientes. Los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de complicaciones fueron el índice de masa corporal (>25kg/m2) y la inclusión en la resección del páncreas o del bazo. Conclusiones El tratamiento preoperatorio con quimiorradioterapia en pacientes con cáncer de estómago localmente avanzado no incrementa la incidencia de complicaciones postoperatorias. La condición preoperatoria del paciente (índice de masa corporal) y la extensión de la cirugía del bazo y del páncreas son factores pronósticos de complicaciones postoperatorias precoces (AU)

Introduction The impact of neoadjuvant treatment on the postoperative complications in stomach cancer is a subject of controversy. The aim of this study is to analyse the post-surgical morbidity and mortality in a group of patients who were treated using a chemoradiotherapy protocol before surgery, as well as to identify the possible risk factors that may be associated with the development of complications. Material and methods Patients diagnosed with locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma between June 2005 and June 2008 were operated on in our Centre after having followed a preoperative chemoradiotherapy protocol. Data on postoperative morbidity and mortality were collected retrospectively and the dependent variables associated with the patients, the type of intervention and the tumour characteristics were analysed. Results A total of 40 patients were evaluated. The overall morbidity and mortality was 32.5% (13 patients) and 2.5% (1 patient), respectively. The most frequent complications were pneumonia in 12.9% and sepsis due to the catheter in 9.7% of the patients. The risk factors for the development of complications were the body mass index (BMI 25kg/m2) and the inclusion of the pancreas and/or spleen in the resection. Conclusions Preoperative treatment with chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced stomach cancer does not increase the incidence of post-surgical complication. The preoperative condition of the patient (BMI) and extending the surgery to the spleen and pancreas are prognostic factors of early postoperative complications (AU)

[Analysis of postoperative morbidity in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma treated using a protocol of preoperative chemoradiotherapy and surgery]. / Análisis de la morbilidad postoperatoria en pacientes con adenocarcinoma gástrico tratados según protocolo de quimiorradioterapia preoperatoria y cirugía.

INTRODUCTION: The impact of neoadjuvant treatment on the postoperative complications in stomach cancer is a subject of controversy. The aim of this study is to analyse the post-surgical morbidity and mortality in a group of patients who were treated using a chemoradiotherapy protocol before surgery, as well as to identify the possible risk factors that may be associated with the development of complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma between June 2005 and June 2008 were operated on in our Centre after having followed a preoperative chemoradiotherapy protocol. Data on postoperative morbidity and mortality were collected retrospectively and the dependent variables associated with the patients, the type of intervention and the tumour characteristics were analysed. RESULTS: A total of 40 patients were evaluated. The overall morbidity and mortality was 32.5% (13 patients) and 2.5% (1 patient), respectively. The most frequent complications were pneumonia in 12.9% and sepsis due to the catheter in 9.7% of the patients. The risk factors for the development of complications were the body mass index (BMI 25 kg/m(2)) and the inclusion of the pancreas and/or spleen in the resection. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative treatment with chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced stomach cancer does not increase the incidence of post-surgical complication. The preoperative condition of the patient (BMI) and extending the surgery to the spleen and pancreas are prognostic factors of early postoperative complications.