Ageing with Parkinson's: Identification of Personal Needs in the Northern Spanish Context.

As individuals diagnosed with Parkinson's disease enter older age, the myriad challenges and complications associated with this condition tend to escalate. Hence, there is a critical necessity to comprehensively discern the perceived needs of these individuals, along with their proposed remedies and essential support requisites. Additionally, understanding the perspectives of their families becomes imperative to formulate tailored interventions aimed at enhancing their overall development, progression, and quality of life. The study's main objective is to assess the perceived needs of individuals with PD and their family members, propose necessary solutions, and suggest future perspectives. The study encompassed a cohort of 268 participants, comprising 179 individuals diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and 89 of their relatives. A meticulously designed structured interview instrument consisting of 93 items was employed to assess various domains encompassing perceived needs, institutional support mechanisms, essential solutions, and future anticipations. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in health resources, social services resources, obstacles, solutions, and future outlook, with higher mean values from the relatives. Conclusions: The results highlight the most concerning needs in this context. Specifically, those needs related to health resources, social services resources, and future outlook present the greatest differences between the two subsamples, with the family members perceiving more needs. This alignment extended to both the categorization of unmet needs and the requisite solutions envisioned to address them. Suggested improvements include a sociosanitary strategy, stakeholder involvement, and prioritizing flexible home assistance to support older individuals with PD and their families.

Applications of Natural Language Processing for the Management of Stroke Disorders: Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) have heightened the interest of the medical community in its application to health care in general, in particular to stroke, a medical emergency of great impact. In this rapidly evolving context, it is necessary to learn and understand the experience already accumulated by the medical and scientific community. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this scoping review was to explore the studies conducted in the last 10 years using NLP to assist the management of stroke emergencies so as to gain insight on the state of the art, its main contexts of application, and the software tools that are used. METHODS: Data were extracted from Scopus and Medline through PubMed, using the keywords "natural language processing" and "stroke." Primary research questions were related to the phases, contexts, and types of textual data used in the studies. Secondary research questions were related to the numerical and statistical methods and the software used to process the data. The extracted data were structured in tables and their relative frequencies were calculated. The relationships between categories were analyzed through multiple correspondence analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-nine papers were included in the review, with the majority being cohort studies of ischemic stroke published in the last 2 years. The majority of papers focused on the use of NLP to assist in the diagnostic phase, followed by the outcome prognosis, using text data from diagnostic reports and in many cases annotations on medical images. The most frequent approach was based on general machine learning techniques applied to the results of relatively simple NLP methods with the support of ontologies and standard vocabularies. Although smaller in number, there has been an increasing body of studies using deep learning techniques on numerical and vectorized representations of the texts obtained with more sophisticated NLP tools. CONCLUSIONS: Studies focused on NLP applied to stroke show specific trends that can be compared to the more general application of artificial intelligence to stroke. The purpose of using NLP is often to improve processes in a clinical context rather than to assist in the rehabilitation process. The state of the art in NLP is represented by deep learning architectures, among which Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers has been found to be especially widely used in the medical field in general, and for stroke in particular, with an increasing focus on the processing of annotations on medical images.

Behavioral Activation and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the Treatment of Anxiety and Depression in Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Behavioural Activation (BA) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) aim to reduce the inflexible avoidance of painful thoughts, feelings and memories and to encourage involvement in relevant activities, objectives which are clearly relevant to the situation of cancer survivors with emotional problems. With a view to evaluating and comparing the efficacy of both therapies, applied on a group basis, a randomized controlled trial was developed. Cancer survivors (age 18-65 years) with anxiety and/or depression were assigned at random to two experimental groups (BA; ACT) and a waiting list control group (WL). Of the 66 cancer survivors randomized to trial (intention-to-treat sample), 46 participants (M = 51.49; SD = 6.88) completed the intervention (BA, n = 17; ACT, n = 12; WL, n = 17) (per-protocol sample). The emotional state, experiential avoidance and behavioural activation of the participants was evaluated in the pre- and post-treatment and in a 3-month follow-up using standardized instruments. Both treatment groups showed statistically significant changes, indicating an improvement in all the result variables in the post-treatment and follow-up as compared to the pre-treatment. BA showed better results than ACT regarding impact on anxiety and activation. This greater efficacy may have been due to factors such as the emphasis placed in BA on behavioural activation and the central role played in it by functional analysis. The key role played by experiential avoidance and behavioral activation in the maintenance and treatment of emotional problems in cancer survivors is discussed. Raw data are available online (http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/m7w688khs8.1).

Development of a computerized adaptive test to assess entrepreneurial personality.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Entrepreneurial behavior is of great importance nowadays owing to its significance in the generation of economic, social, personal, and cultural wellbeing. This behavior is influenced by cognitive and personality characteristics, as well as by socioeconomic and contextual factors. Entrepreneurial personality is made up of a set of psychological traits including self-efficacy, autonomy, innovation, internal locus of control, achievement motivation, optimism, stress tolerance, and risk-taking. The aim of this research is the development of a computerized adaptive test (CAT) to evaluate entrepreneurial personality. METHOD: A bank of 120 items was created evaluating various aspects of the entrepreneurial personality. The items were calibrated with the Samejima Graded Response Model using a sample of 1170 participants (Mage = 42.34; SDage = 12.96). RESULTS: The bank of items had an essentially unidimensional fit to the model. The CAT exhibited high accuracy for evaluating a wide range of θ scores, using a mean of 16 items with a very low standard error (M = 0.157). Relative validity evidence for the CAT was obtained with two additional tests of entrepreneurial personality (the Battery for the Assessment of the Enterprising Personality and the Measure of Enterpreneurial Tendencies and Abilities), with correlations of .908 and .657, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The CAT developed has appropriate psychometric properties for the evaluation of entrepreneurial people.

Psychometric validation of the Environmental Reward Observation Scale (EROS) in breast cancer survivors / Validación psicométrica de la Environmental Reward Observation Scale (EROS) en supervivientes de cáncer de mama

The loss of rewards resulting from oncological disease has been associated with emotional problems in cancer survivors. The Environmental Reward Observation Scale (EROS) evaluates environmental reinforcement and is based on behavioral models which show the relationship between environmental reinforcement and emotional state. The aim of this study is to analyze the psychometrical properties of this scale in breast cancer survivors and its usefulness in discriminating between survivors with and without emotional disorders. A total of 219 women survivors (Mage= 52.97; SDag= 7.50) completed measures of environmental reinforcement, behavioral activation and avoidance, and emotional state. Data fit an essentially unidimensional structure, showing high internal consistency and correlations, varying from moderate to high, with all the measures used. In the EROS scores, statistically significant differences were found between participants with and without emotional disorders. Optimum cut-off point to discriminate between anxiety and depression was established via Receiver Operating Characteristic curve. Using the framework of the Item Response Theory model, all the items were found to have a power of discrimination for measuring environmental reinforcement ranging from moderate to high. The EROS is a psychometrically sound instrument, which can be used to improve assessment of emotional state in breast cancer survivors

La pérdida de gratificaciones, como resultado de la enfermedad y tratamiento oncológico, se relaciona con problemas emocionales en supervivientes. Environmental Reward Observation Scale (EROS) es una escala para evaluar reforzamiento ambiental, desarrollada a partir de modelos conductuales que muestran la relación entre reforzamiento ambiental y estado emocional. Este estudio valida esta escala con supervivientes de cáncer de mama y analiza su utilidad para discriminar entre supervivientes con y sin trastornos emocionales. Un total de 219 mujeres supervivientes (Medad = 52.97; DTedad= 7.50) completaron medidas de reforzamiento ambiental, activación y evitación conductual, y estado emocional. Los datos se ajustan a una estructura esencialmente unidimensional, mostrando una consistencia interna elevada y de moderadas a altas con todas las medidas empleadas. Fueron estadísticamente significativas las diferencias en las puntuaciones entre participantes con y sin trastorno emocional. Mediante curvas ROC se estableció el punto de corte óptimo para discriminar ansiedad y depresión. Aplicando la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem, se encontró que todos los ítems muestran un poder de discriminación de moderado a alto para evaluar reforzamiento ambiental. La EROS se presenta como una medida fiable y válida que puede emplearse para mejorar la evaluación del estado emocional de supervivientes oncológicos

Development of a computerized adaptive test to assess entrepreneurial personality

Abstract Background/objective Entrepreneurial behavior is of great importance nowadays owing to its significance in the generation of economic, social, personal, and cultural wellbeing. This behavior is influenced by cognitive and personality characteristics, as well as by socioeconomic and contextual factors. Entrepreneurial personality is made up of a set of psychological traits including self-efficacy, autonomy, innovation, internal locus of control, achievement motivation, optimism, stress tolerance, and risk-taking. The aim of this research is the development of a computerized adaptive test (CAT) to evaluate entrepreneurial personality.Method: A bank of 120 items was created evaluating various aspects of the entrepreneurial personality. The items were calibrated with the Samejima Graded Response Model using a sample of 1170 participants (Mage = 42.34; SDage = 12.96). Results The bank of items had an essentially unidimensional fit to the model. The CAT exhibited high accuracy for evaluating a wide range of θ scores, using a mean of 16 items with a very low standard error (M = 0.157). Relative validity evidence for the CAT was obtained with two additional tests of entrepreneurial personality (the Battery for the Assessment of the Enterprising Personality and the Measure of Enterpreneurial Tendencies and Abilities), with correlations of .908 and .657, respectively. Conclusions The CAT developed has appropriate psychometric properties for the evaluation of entrepreneurial people.

Relationship Between Child Perfectionism and Psychological Disorders.

Objective: Perfectionism is one of the variables related to the correct emotional development or with the appearance of clinical symptomatology in childhood. A study has been designed to evaluate the differential effect that each dimension of perfectionism (external pressure, self-exigency, and negative self-evaluation) has in a Spanish children sample of general population for each of the following clinical aspects: irritability, worthlessness feelings, thinking problems, and psychophysiological symptoms. Method: By a random cluster sampling, a total of 2,636 children from 8 to 12 years (M = 9.9, SD = 1.2; 51.3% boys) took part in this research. A serial multiple mediators model was used to check the relation between external pressure over the clinical symptoms through self-exigency and negative-self-evaluation. Results: The results have shown a predictive effect of external pressure over a great variety of clinical symptomatology (irritability, worthlessness, thinking problems, and psychophysiological symptoms), a relation mediated by self-exigency and negative self-evaluation. These relations suggest that external pressure and negative self-evaluation are maladaptive dimensions as they predict the appearance of symptomatology, being the level of self-exigency a protective dimension and favoring the child's positive development. Conclusions: In consequence, these results point to the importance of the study of these variables that can generate difficulties in childhood in order to improve children's quality of life and their correct development.

Gender Differences in Social Inclusion of Youth with Autism and Intellectual Disability.

The aim of this study was to delve into the role of gender differences in social inclusion of children and youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). A sample of 420 participants with ASD and ID aged between 4 and 21 years was evaluated using the ASD-KidsLife Scale. Females obtained lower scores in most of the items of social inclusion. These differences remained when the covariables of level of ID, support needs, and age were controlled. None of the items presented differential item functioning as a function of gender. Gender differences, as were found in social inclusion, are discussed and recommendations are given in order to provide equal opportunities to girls and boys with ASD.

Multifactor implicit measures to assess enterprising personality dimensions / Medidas implícitas multifactoriales para evaluar dimensiones de la personalidad emprendedora

BACKGROUND: Several implicit measures have been proposed to overcome limitations of self-reports. The present study aimed to develop a new implicit association test (MFT-IAT) to assess enterprising-related traits, exploring its reliability and validity evidence. METHOD: A total of 1,142 individuals (Mean age 42.36 years, SD = 13.17) from the general population were assessed. Participants were asked about sociodemographic data, employment status, and personality traits using the Battery for the Assessment of the Enterprising Personality (BEPE). They completed an MFT-IAT designed to assess the BEPE's traits (achievement motivation, autonomy, innovativeness, self-efficacy, locus of control, optimism, stress tolerance and risk taking). Reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha. Exploratory Factor Analyses (EFAs) were performed to assess the internal structure of the MFT-IAT. Correlations and a Multiple Analysis of Variance were used to estimate validity evidence based on the relationship towith participants' employment status. RESULTS: EFAs provided validity evidence for all dimensions with high internal consistency (a = .92-.93). Correlations between implicit and explicit measures were non-significant. Non- implicit measures yielded significant differences between employment statuses. DISCUSSION: This is a pioneering study in this field and more research is needed to improve the feasibility and practicality of implicit measures in applied assessment settings

ANTECEDENTES: se han propuesto múltiples medidas implícitas para superar las limitaciones de los autoinformes. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo desarrollar un nuevo test de asociación implícita (MFT-IAT) para evaluar rasgos asociados a la emprendeduría, explorar su fiabilidad y evidencias de validez. MÉTODO: se evaluaron 1.142 personas (edad media 42,36, DT = 13,17) sobre información demográfica, de empleo y personalidad usando la Batería para la Evaluación de la Personalidad Emprendedora (BEPE). Completaron una tarea MFT-IAT para evaluar los rasgos del BEPE (motivación de logro, autonomía, innovación, auto-eficacia, locus de control, optimismo, tolerancia al estrés y asunción de riesgos). Se estimó la fiabilidad mediante el alfa de Cronbach. Se realizaron Análisis Factoriales Exploratorios (AFEs) para evaluar la estructura interna del MFT-IAT y correlaciones y análisis de varianza para estimar las evidencias de validez en la relación con el empleo. RESULTADOS: los AFEs ofrecieron evidencias de validez con alta consistencia interna (a = ,92-,93). Las correlaciones entre las medidas explícitas e implícitas fueron no significativas. Ninguna medida implícita mostró diferencias significativas entre los distintos estados laborales. DISCUSIÓN: este es un estudio pionero en el cambio y se necesita más investigación para mejorar la viabilidad de las medidas implícitas en evaluaciones aplicadas

Multifactor implicit measures to assess enterprising personality dimensions.

BACKGROUND: Several implicit measures have been proposed to overcome limitations of self-reports. The present study aimed to develop a new implicit association test (MFT-IAT) to assess enterprising-related traits, exploring its reliability and validity evidence. METHOD: A total of 1,142 individuals (Mean age 42.36 years, SD = 13.17) from the general population were assessed. Participants were asked about sociodemographic data, employment status, and personality traits using the Battery for the Assessment of the Enterprising Personality (BEPE). They completed an MFT-IAT designed to assess the BEPE's traits (achievement motivation, autonomy, innovativeness, self-efficacy, locus of control, optimism, stress tolerance and risk taking). Reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha. Exploratory Factor Analyses (EFAs) were performed to assess the internal structure of the MFT-IAT. Correlations and a Multiple Analysis of Variance were used to estimate validity evidence based on the relationship towith participants' employment status. RESULTS: EFAs provided validity evidence for all dimensions with high internal consistency (a = .92-.93). Correlations between implicit and explicit measures were non-significant. Non- implicit measures yielded significant differences between employment statuses. DISCUSSION: This is a pioneering study in this field and more research is needed to improve the feasibility and practicality of implicit measures in applied assessment settings.

Using reversed items in Likert scales: A questionable practice / El uso de ítems inversos en las escalas tipo Likert: una práctica cuestionable

BACKGROUND: The use of positively worded items and reversed forms aims to reduce response bias and is a commonly used practice nowadays. The main goal of this research is to analyze the psychometric implications of the use of positive and reversed items in measurement instruments. METHOD: A sample of 374 participants was tested aged between 18 and 73 (M=33.98; SD=14.12), 62.60% were women. A repeated measures design was used, evaluating the participants with positive, reversed, and combined forms of a self-efficacy test. RESULTS: When combinations of positive and reversed items are used in the same test the reliability of the test is flawed and the unidimensionality of the test is jeopardized by secondary sources of variance. In addition, the variance of the scores is reduced, and the means differ significantly from those in tests in which all items are either positive or reversed, but not combined. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study present a trade-off between a potential acquiescence bias when items are positively worded and a potential different understanding when combining regular and reversed items in the same test. The specialized literature recommends combining regular and reversed items for controlling for response style bias, but these results caution researchers in using them as well after accounting for the potential effect of linguistic skills and the findings presented in this study

ANTECEDENTES: el uso de ítems formulados positivamente junto con otros inversos es una práctica habitual para tratar de evitar sesgos de respuesta. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar las implicaciones psicométricas de utilizar ítems directos e inversos en la misma prueba. MÉTODO: se utilizó una muestra de 374 participantes con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 73 años (M=33.98; DT=14.12), con un 62,60% de mujeres. Mediante un diseño de medidas repetidas se evaluó a los participantes en una prueba de autoeficacia con tres condiciones: todos los ítems positivos, todos negativos y un combinado de ambos. RESULTADOS: cuando se utilizan en la misma prueba tanto ítems positivos como negativos su fiabilidad se deteriora, y la unidimensionalidad de la prueba se ve comprometida por fuentes secundarias de varianza. La varianza de las puntuaciones disminuye, y las medias difieren significativamente respecto de las pruebas en las que todos los ítems están formulados positiva o negativamente. CONCLUSIONES: los resultados de este estudio presentan una disyuntiva entre un posible sesgo de aquiescencia cuando los ítems tienen una redacción positiva y una comprensión potencialmente diferente cuando se combinan ítems regulares e invertidos en la misma prueba. La literatura especializada recomienda combinar ítems regulares e invertidos para poder controlar el sesgo del estilo de respuesta, pero estos resultados advierten a los investigadores que los usen también después de tener en cuenta el potencial efecto de las habilidades lingüísticas y de los hallazgos presentados en este estudio

Using reversed items in Likert scales: A questionable practice.

BACKGROUND: The use of positively worded items and reversed forms aims to reduce response bias and is a commonly used practice nowadays. The main goal of this research is to analyze the psychometric implications of the use of positive and reversed items in measurement instruments. METHOD: A sample of 374 participants was tested aged between 18 and 73 (M=33.98; SD=14.12), 62.60% were women. A repeated measures design was used, evaluating the participants with positive, reversed, and combined forms of a self-efficacy test. RESULTS: When combinations of positive and reversed items are used in the same test the reliability of the test is flawed and the unidimensionality of the test is jeopardized by secondary sources of variance. In addition, the variance of the scores is reduced, and the means differ significantly from those in tests in which all items are either positive or reversed, but not combined. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study present a trade-off between a potential acquiescence bias when items are positively worded and a potential different understanding when combining regular and reversed items in the same test. The specialized literature recommends combining regular and reversed items for controlling for response style bias, but these results caution researchers in using them as well after accounting for the potential effect of linguistic skills and the findings presented in this study.

Emotional state and psychological flexibility in breast cancer survivors.

PURPOSE: This study analyses the premise that less time spent carrying out valuable activities and inflexible avoidance of thoughts, feelings and memories related to the oncological process may play an important role in the emotional problems of cancer survivors. METHODS: Emotional state was evaluated, as was quality of life and psychological flexibility in a sample of 122 breast cancer survivors (Mage = 52.40; SDage = 7.26). The analysis was carried out using a cross-sectional predictive study. RESULTS: Approximately half of those in the sample suffered from clinically significant emotional distress. The predictor variables selected explained a high percentage of the variability in emotional problems and quality of life (51.10-77.10%). CONCLUSION: Avoidance explained a high percentage of the variance in anxiety, depression and general distress. A lower degree of participation in valuable activities contributed, more specifically, to explaining variability in depression. The quantity and availability of environmental reinforcement was closely related to quality of life. A decisive contribution towards promoting emotional well-being and quality of life can be made by nursing action aimed at diminishing those avoidance strategies related to the oncological experience which may distance patients from daily activities which are gratifying and congruent with their values.

People with intellectual disability who are ageing: Perceived needs assessment / Personas con discapacidad intelectual que envejecen: evaluación de necesidades percibidas

Background/Objective: Ageing and progressive increase in life expectancy in people with intellectual disability present significant challenges. The present study is to examine the needs that arise in the aging process of this population. To detect these needs is fundamental to ensure personal wellbeing; almost no psychometrically sound instruments have been developed. Method: A structured interview was developed and evaluated by a panel of 20 experts to obtain evidence of content validity. The interview was then applied to 1,173 people with intellectual disability. The ages ranged from 35 to 80 (M = 52.27; SD = 7.5). Results: The interview consisted of 93 items evaluating four areas: perceived needs, personal problems, future perspectives, and solutions required. The results demonstrated the proximity and relationship of the various needs evaluated. In addition it was observed that those with intellectual disability who were older, male and users of residential services tended to indicate more needs, problems, and required more solutions. Conclusions: The instrument has adequate evidence of validity, allowing the evaluation of specific needs of people with intellectual disability. The results advocate the design of transversal intervention policies in order to effectively meet the needs and requirements of this population (AU)

Introducción/Objetivo: El envejecimiento y progresivo incremento de la esperanza de vida de las personas con discapacidad intelectual supone importantes retos. El presente estudio examina las necesidades relacionadas con el proceso de envejecimiento de estas personas. La detección de dichas necesidades resulta fundamental para asegurar su bienestar personal, siendo necesarios instrumentos de evaluación que muestren garantías psicométricas. Método: Se elaboró una entrevista estructurada valorada por un panel de 20 expertos para la obtención de evidencias de validez de contenido. La entrevista fue aplicada a 1.173 personas con discapacidad intelectual de entre 35 y 80 años (M = 52,27; DT = 7,5). Resultados: La entrevista consta de 93 ítems que evalúan cuatro áreas: necesidades percibidas, problemas personales, perspectivas de futuro y soluciones demandadas. Se muestra la proximidad e interacción de las diferentes necesidades evaluadas y la tendencia a que sean las personas con discapacidad intelectual de mayor edad, hombres y usuarios de servicios residenciales quienes refieran mayor número de necesidades y problemas, y demanden más soluciones. Conclusiones: El instrumento desarrollado muestra adecuadas evidencias de validez, permitiendo evaluar necesidades específicas de las personas con discapacidad intelectual. Los resultados abogan por el diseño de políticas de intervención transversales que permitan cubrir eficientemente las necesidades y demandas de este colectivo (AU)

Estimating the effect of emotional intelligence in wellbeing among priests / Estimación del efecto de la inteligencia emocional sobre el bienestar en sacerdotes

Background/Objective: Emotional intelligence is a variable which has been the subject of significantly increased research in recent years. Relationships have been shown with both physical and psychological problems. The aim of this study is to analyse the direct and indirect effect that emotional intelligence exerts over the manifestation of physical and psychological clinical symptomatology and to severe disorders such as burnout syndrome in a professional group in which social function is fundamental. Method: So that, 881 Latin-American catholic priests (M age = 45.89; SD age = 11.58) were evaluated using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-22 and the General Health Questionnaire-28. Results: Using path analysis, emotional intelligence, especially Attention and Emotional Clarity, shows a high effect on psychological and somatic issues. Conclusions: Thus, both specific disorders and general wellbeing are related to emotional intelligence. Providing effective emotional intelligence training sessions seems to be able to reduce possible physical and emotional disorders (AU)

Antecedentes/Objetivo: La inteligencia emocional es una variable que ha sido objeto de un incremento notable de investigación a lo largo de los últimos años. La inteligencia emocional ha mostrado numerosas relaciones con múltiples variables psicológicas, destacando su conexión con diversos trastornos físicos y psicológicos. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar los efectos directos e indirectos que la inteligencia emocional ejerce sobre la manifestación de sintomatología somática y psicológica, así como sobre el desarrollo de trastornos como el síndrome de burnout en un grupo de profesionales cuya labor social resulta esencial. Método: Se aplicaron las escalas Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24, Maslach Burnout Inventory-22 y General Health Questionnaire-28 a un total de 881 sacerdotes católicos latinoamericanos (M edad = 45,89; DT edad = 11,58). Resultados: Mediante path analysis se muestra el efecto que la inteligencia emocional, especialmente la atención y claridad emocional, ejerce sobre las alteraciones somáticas y psicológicas. Conclusiones: Tanto los trastornos específicos como el bienestar general presentan una relación clara con la inteligencia emocional. Proporcionar programas formativos efectivos que desarrollen la inteligencia emocional podría reducir la aparición de trastornos físicos y emocionales (AU)

People with intellectual disability who are ageing: Perceived needs assessment.

Background/Objective: Ageing and progressive increase in life expectancy in people with intellectual disability present significant challenges. The present study is to examine the needs that arise in the aging process of this population. To detect these needs is fundamental to ensure personal wellbeing; almost no psychometrically sound instruments have been developed. Method: A structured interview was developed and evaluated by a panel of 20 experts to obtain evidence of content validity. The interview was then applied to 1,173 people with intellectual disability. The ages ranged from 35 to 80 (M = 52.27; SD = 7.5). Results: The interview consisted of 93 items evaluating four areas: perceived needs, personal problems, future perspectives, and solutions required. The results demonstrated the proximity and relationship of the various needs evaluated. In addition it was observed that those with intellectual disability who were older, male and users of residential services tended to indicate more needs, problems, and required more solutions. Conclusions: The instrument has adequate evidence of validity, allowing the evaluation of specific needs of people with intellectual disability. The results advocate the design of transversal intervention policies in order to effectively meet the needs and requirements of this population.

Introducción/Objetivo: El envejecimiento y progresivo incremento de la esperanza de vida de las personas con discapacidad intelectual supone importantes retos. El presente estudio examina las necesidades relacionadas con el proceso de envejecimiento de estas personas. La detección de dichas necesidades resulta fundamental para asegurar su bienestar personal, siendo necesarios instrumentos de evaluación que muestren garantías psicométricas. Método: Se elaboró una entrevista estructurada valorada por un panel de 20 expertos para la obtención de evidencias de validez de contenido. La entrevista fue aplicada a 1.173 personas con discapacidad intelectual de entre 35 y 80 años (M = 52,27; DT = 7,5). Resultados: La entrevista consta de 93 ítems que evalúan cuatro áreas: necesidades percibidas, problemas personales, perspectivas de futuro y soluciones demandadas. Se muestra la proximidad e interacción de las diferentes necesidades evaluadas y la tendencia a que sean las personas con discapacidad intelectual de mayor edad, hombres y usuarios de servicios residenciales quienes refieran mayor número de necesidades y problemas, y demanden más soluciones. Conclusiones: El instrumento desarrollado muestra adecuadas evidencias de validez, permitiendo evaluar necesidades específicas de las personas con discapacidad intelectual. Los resultados abogan por el diseño de políticas de intervención transversales que permitan cubrir eficientemente las necesidades y demandas de este colectivo.

Estimating the effect of emotional intelligence in wellbeing among priests.

Background/Objective: Emotional intelligence is a variable which has been the subject of significantly increased research in recent years. Relationships have been shown with both physical and psychological problems. The aim of this study is to analyse the direct and indirect effect that emotional intelligence exerts over the manifestation of physical and psychological clinical symptomatology and to severe disorders such as burnout syndrome in a professional group in which social function is fundamental. Method: So that, 881 Latin-American catholic priests (M age = 45.89; SD age = 11.58) were evaluated using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-22 and the General Health Questionnaire-28. Results: Using path analysis, emotional intelligence, especially Attention and Emotional Clarity, shows a high effect on psychological and somatic issues. Conclusions: Thus, both specific disorders and general well-being are related to emotional intelligence. Providing effective emotional intelligence training sessions seems to be able to reduce possible physical and emotional disorders.

Antecedentes/Objetivo: La inteligencia emocional es una variable que ha sido objeto de un incremento notable de investigación a lo largo de los últimos años. La inteligencia emocional ha mostrado numerosas relaciones con múltiples variables psicológicas, destacando su conexión con diversos trastornos físicos y psicológicos. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar los efectos directos e indirectos que la inteligencia emocional ejerce sobre la manifestación de sintomatología somática y psicológica, así como sobre el desarrollo de trastornos como el síndrome de burnout en un grupo de profesionales cuya labor social resulta esencial. Método: Se aplicaron las escalas Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24, Maslach Burnout Inventory-22 y General Health Questionnaire-28 a un total de 881 sacerdotes católicos latinoamericanos (M edad = 45,89; DT edad = 11,58). Resultados: Mediante path analysis se muestra el efecto que la inteligencia emocional, especialmente la atención y claridad emocional, ejerce sobre las alteraciones somáticas y psicológicas. Conclusiones: Tanto los trastornos específicos como el bienestar general presentan una relación clara con la inteligencia emocional. Proporcionar programas formativos efectivos que desarrollen la inteligencia emocional podría reducir la aparición de trastornos físicos y emocionales.

A computerized adaptive test for enterprising personality assessment in youth / Un Test Adaptativo Informatizado para la evaluación de la personalidad emprendedora en jóvenes

BACKGROUND: Assessing specific personality traits has shown better predictive power of enterprising personality than have broad personality traits. Hitherto, there have been no instruments that evaluate the combination of specific personality traits of enterprising personality in an adaptive format. So, the aim was to develop a Computerized Adaptive Test (CAT) to assess enterprising personality in young people. METHODS: A pool of 161 items was developed and applied to two sets of participants (n1 = 357 students, Mage = 17.89; SDage = 3.26; n2 = 2,693 students; Mage = 16.52, SDage = 1.38) using a stratified sampling method. RESULTS: 107 items that assess achievement motivation, risk-taking, innovativeness, autonomy, self-efficacy, stress tolerance, internal locus of control, and optimism were selected. The assumption of unidimensionality was tested. The CAT demonstrated high precision for a wide range of q, using a mean of 10 items and demonstrating a relatively low Standard Error (0.378). CONCLUSIONS: A brief, valid, and precise instrument was obtained with relevant implications for educational and entrepreneurial contexts

ANTECEDENTES: la evaluación de rasgos específicos de personalidad, respecto a rasgos generales, ha demostrado un mayor poder predictivo de la personalidad emprendedora. Actualmente, no existe ningún instrumento que evalúe el conjunto de rasgos específicos de la personalidad emprendedora que se consideran relevantes en un formato adaptativo. El objetivo fue desarrollar un Test Adaptativo Informatizado (TAI) que permita evaluar la personalidad emprendedora en jóvenes. MÉTODO: se desarrolló un banco inicial de 161 ítems, el cual se aplicó a dos conjuntos de participantes (n1 = 357 estudiantes, Medad = 17,89; DTedad = 3,26; n2 = 2.693 estudiantes; Medad = 16,52, DTedad = 1,38) mediante un muestreo estratificado. RESULTADOS: se seleccionaron 107 ítems que evalúan motivación de logro, toma de riesgos, innovación, autonomía, autoeficacia, tolerancia al estrés, locus de control interno y optimismo, sobre los que se comprobó el supuesto de unidimensionalidad. El TAI desarrollado muestra una elevada precisión para un amplio rango de q, empleando una media de 10 ítems y presentando un error típico de las estimaciones relativamente bajo (0,378). CONCLUSIONES: se cuenta con un instrumento breve, válido y preciso con múltiples implicaciones en el contexto educativo y emprendedor

A computerized adaptive test for enterprising personality assessment in youth.

Backgound : Assessing specific personality traits has shown better predictive power of enterprising personality than have broad personality traits. Hitherto, there have been no instruments that evaluate the combination of specific personality traits of enterprising personality in an adaptive format. So, the aim was to develop a Computerized Adaptive Test (CAT) to assess enterprising personality in young people. METHODS: A pool of 161 items was developed and applied to two sets of participants (n 1 = 357 students, M age = 17.89; SD age = 3.26; n 2 = 2,693 students; M age = 16.52, SD age = 1.38) using a stratified sampling method. RESULTS: 107 items that assess achievement motivation, risk-taking, innovativeness, autonomy, self-efficacy, stress tolerance, internal locus of control, and optimism were selected. The assumption of unidimensionality was tested. The CAT demonstrated high precision for a wide range of q, using a mean of 10 items and demonstrating a relatively low Standard Error (0.378). CONCLUSIONS: A brief, valid, and precise instrument was obtained with relevant implications for educational and entrepreneurial contexts.

Locus of Control revisited: development of a new bi-dimensional measure / Locus de control revisitado: desarrollo de una medida bidimensional

Locus of control (LOC) has a long tradition in Psychology, and various instruments have been designed for its measurement. However, the dimensionality of the construct is unclear, and still gives rise to considerable controversy. The aim of the present work is to present new evidence of validity in relation to the dimensionality of LOC. To this end, we developed a new measurement instrument with 23 items. The sample was made up of 697 Spanish participants, of whom 57.5% were women (M=22.43; SD= 9.19). The results support the bi-dimensionality of LOC: internal (á=.87) and external (á=.85). Furthermore, both subscales have shown adequate validity evidence in relation to self-efficacy, achievement motivation and optimism (rxy> .21). Statistically significant differences were found by sex (p < .05): men scored higher in external LOC and women in internal LOC. The validity evidence supports a two-dimensional structure for the LOC, and the measurement instrument developed showed adequate psychometric properties

El estudio del locus de control (LOC) presenta una larga tradición en Psicología, y se han diseñado distintos instrumentos para su medición. Sin embargo, la dimensionalidad del constructo no está clara y sigue siendo motivo de controversia en la actualidad. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar nuevas evidencias de validez sobre la dimensionalidad del LOC. Para ello se ha desarrollado un nuevo instrumento de medida compuesto por 23 ítems. Se utilizó una muestra de 697 participantes de los cuales el 57.5% fueron mujeres (M=22.43; DT= 9.19). Los resultados apoyan la bidimensionalidad del LOC: interno y externo. El coeficiente de fiabilidad de cada subescala fue de .87 para LOC interno y .85 para LOC externo. Por otra parte, ambas subescalas han mostrado adecuadas evidencias de validez en función de las relaciones con la autoeficacia, motivación de logro y optimismo (rxy> .21). Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en función del sexo (p < .05), los hombres puntuaron más alto en LOC externo y las mujeres en LOC interno. Las evidencias de validez aquí presentadas apoyan una estructura de dos dimensiones para el constructo LOC. El instrumento desarrollado ha mostrado adecuadas propiedades psicométricas en términos de validez y fiabilidad