RESUMO
Postoperative emergence agitation/delirium (POED) is a common complication in pediatric surgery patients, which increases the risk of developing postoperative airway obstruction and respiratory depression. This study aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine (DEX) and its effects on POED in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy.Sixty patients scheduled for tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy, aged 2 to 8 years, were randomly allocated into 2 groups (n = 30). Pediatric patients in the group DEX received intravenous (IV) DEX 1âµg/kg over 10 minutes, followed by 0.5âµg/kg/h continuous infusion, and the same volume of 0.9% saline was administrated in the group control. Anesthesia was maintained with target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol and remifentanyl. Intraoperative heart rate (HR), noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP), blood oxygen saturation (SPO2), recovery time, and extubation time were recorded. Pain level was evaluated using the objective pain score (OPS), pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium (PAED) scale and Cole 5-point scale (CPS) was used to evaluate POED when patients at 0, 5, 15âminutes, and then at intervals of 15âminutes for 60âminutes after parents arrival at postanesthesia care unit (PACU).The results showed that intraoperative HR was significantly lower in group DEX (Pâ<0.05), mean diastolic and systolic NIBP was not statistically different between groups. Time to wake and time to extubation were lengthened in group DEX as compared with group control (Pâ<0.05). OPS and CPS were lower in group DEX at 15, 30, and 45âminutes time points (Pâ<0.05); however, there were no significantly differences in the PAED score at different time points in the PACU.The present data suggested that intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine combined with intravenous anesthetics can provide satisfactory intraoperative conditions for pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy, without adverse hemodynamic effects, though the lower incidence of POED was not observed.
Assuntos
Adenoidectomia/efeitos adversos , Anestesia Intravenosa/métodos , Delírio/prevenção & controle , Dexmedetomidina/administração & dosagem , Delírio do Despertar/prevenção & controle , Tonsilectomia/efeitos adversos , Adenoidectomia/métodos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Delírio/etiologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Delírio do Despertar/etiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Infusões Intravenosas , Cuidados Intraoperatórios/métodos , Masculino , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Estudos Prospectivos , Valores de Referência , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Tonsilectomia/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical composition of Opuntia dillenii. METHOD: Many kinds of chromatography methods were used in the isolation procedure, while the structures of isolated compounds were determined on the aids of NMR and MS spectral analysis. RESULT: A new compound, together with five known compounds, was isolated form the 80% ethanolic extract of its stems. CONCLUSION: The new compound was characterized as opuntioside. Four compounds were obtained for the first from the genus Opuntia, and they were daucosterol, p-hydroxybenzoicacid, L-(-)-malic acid, (E)-ferulic acid. Opuntiol was also separated for the first from the plant.
Assuntos
Ácidos Cumáricos/isolamento & purificação , Monossacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Opuntia/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Ácidos Cumáricos/química , Estrutura Molecular , Monossacarídeos/química , Caules de Planta/química , Sitosteroides/química , Sitosteroides/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
AIM: To study the chemical composition of Opuntia dillenii Haw. METHODS: Many kinds of chromatography methods were used to separate the chemical constituents. Their structures were determined by NMR and MS spectral analysis. RESULTS: A new compound, together with five known compounds, were isolated from the 80% ethanolic extract of the stems. CONCLUSION: The new compound was identified as 4-ethoxyl-6-hydroxymethyl-alpha-pyrone. Compounds 1, 3, 4 and 5 were obtained for the first time from the genus of Opuntia, and they were: 3-O-methyl isorhamnein, 1-heptanecanol, vanillic acid, isorhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-rutinoside. Ruin was isolated from this plant for the first time.
Assuntos
Opuntia/química , Pironas/isolamento & purificação , Estrutura Molecular , Caules de Planta/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Pironas/química , Rutina/química , Rutina/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Vanílico/química , Ácido Vanílico/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To isolate and elucidate the constituents from the roots of Commercial Ginseng. METHOD: Column chromatography and HPLC were used to isolate chemical constituents. Physico-chemical characters and spectr-oscopic analysis were employed for structural identification. RESULT: Sixteen compounds were identified as: notoginsenoside-R2(1), ginsenoside-Rg2(2), 20 (R)-Rg2 (3), ginsenoside-Rg1 (4), -Rf(5), -Re(6), -Rd(7), -Rc(8), -Rb1(9), -Rb2(10), -Rb3(11), -Ra3(12), -Ra2(13), -Ra1 (14), notoginsenoside-R4(15) and ginsenoside -Ro(16). CONCLUSION: Compound 1 was obtained from the plant for the first time.