The Influence of Family Sports Attitude on Children's Sports Participation, Screen Time, and Body Mass Index.

Background: Children's physical health is an important resource for a country's future construction. However, researchers found that the physical fitness of young children around the world has declined during the two decades, from 1992 to 2012. The decline in the physique of young children has caused widespread concern around the world. Children's main living places are families and kindergartens, so this research explores the impact of family factors on children's body mass index (BMI) from the perspective of family attitudes, children's sports participation, and screen time. Methods: A cross-sectional study was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of children in China. A total of 600 children were investigated, and 589 valid questionnaires were obtained. SPSS21.0 statistical analysis software was used for descriptive analysis, mean comparison, and correlation analysis of the data. AMOS 21.0 was used to construct a structural equation model and carry out path analysis. Results: (1) There are significant differences in children's family sports attitude, sports participation, screen time, and BMI with different family structures, and parents' education levels. (2) Family sports attitude is significantly positively correlated with parents' education levels and children's sports participation, and negatively correlated with children's screen time and BMI. (3) Children's sports participation and screen time play a chain-mediating role between family sports attitude and children's BMI, and the role is a complete mediating role. Therefore, family sports attitudes can affect children's physical health by affecting children's sports participation and screen time. To promote children's physical health, we should pay attention to the intervention of family sports attitude. (4) The mediating effects of exercise participation and screen time are similar in different family structures, so the structure of this study can be applied to different family structures. Conclusions: Children's family sports attitude, sports participation, and screen time can affect children's BMI. Children's screen time and sports participation play a chain-mediating role in the influence of family sports attitudes on the path of children's BMI. The results of this study will provide a useful reference for teachers and parents to control children's physical health.

Research Progress of Low Back Pain Disability Assessment Scale (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common types of disability affecting individuals in Western countries, and the as-sessment of LBP-related disabilities represents a significant challenge. The disability assessment scales in LBP are commonly used in clini-cal diagnosis and treatment as well as evaluation system for clinical research, such as Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Roland Morris Dis-ability Questionnaire (RMDQ), and Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (QBPDS). This article focused on the clinical applications, reliability and validity, strength and limitations of these scales, to help the clinical application and scientific research for the LBP disability scale.

Application of SOAP assessment note to rehabilitation therapy teaching / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:In rehabilitation therapy teaching, it is crucial to cultivate professional knowledge and clinical skil s of rehabilitation therapy for students. SOAP (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan) is the international most commonly used and accepted in the medical records of problem oriented method. SOAP is used to develop clinical thinking ability, improve analysis, judgment and the ability of solving clinical problem for students. OBJECTIVE:To retrospectively analyze the composition, teaching benefit and problems of SOAP in China. METHODS:Published articles about SOAP note were searched from PubMed, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the articles were retrieved from database building to September 2014. The key words were“SOAP note, rehabilitation, teaching”in Chinese and English. We excluded the repetitive researches. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After screening, we included 20 articles in the review. SOAP note was helpful to promote students’ independent thinking, strengthened the standardization of the records, rehabilitation treatment, and developed the students’ clinical thinking and the ability to deal with the problem. SOAP note has several chal enges in the rehabilitation teaching, however, with the popularity of SOAP teaching concept, and deep research and gradual generalization of SOAP teaching methods, SOAP has a wide application prospect for the rehabilitation education in China.

Linking Concept of Functional Evaluation for Children with Congenital Heart Disease with ICF-CY / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To determine the concept of functional evaluation for children with congenital heart disease in the views of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (Children and Youth Version) (ICF-CY). Methods Clinical researches on children and adolescents with congenital heart disease nearly a decade were recalled from MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE. The concepts extracted were linked with ICF-CY. Results 224 researches were recalled. The oncepts linked with ICF-CY in 12 first categories, 28 second categories, of which 17 items were of body function, 2 of body structure, 6 of activities and participation, and 3 of environmental factors.Conclusion ICF-CY is a useful framework for functional assessment for children with congenital heart disease. It is important to make the measurement uniformity for comparability of the researches.

Effect of rehabilitation treatment using the assistive devices for children with cerebral palsy / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of the synthetic rehabilitation treatment using the assistive devices for children with cerebral palsy.Methods 60 outpatients (male 31,female 29) diagnosed as cerebral palsy in our hospital from June 2009 to June 2010 were divided into trial group (n =30) and control group (n =30).Both of the two groups received our rehabilitation treatment three times a week.Compared with the daily family rehabilitation training of the control group,trial group still received a daily rehabilitation treatment by their parents using the assistive devices under the guidance of the therapist.They were assessed with Gross Motor Function Measure 66 items version (GMFM-66)and 88 items version (GMFM-88) before and after 6 months treatment.Results The total score of GMFM-66 and each dimension score of GMFM-88 improved in both group after 6 months treatment,except the centrol group Lying & Rolling dimension.Trial group 51 ± 13 vs.44 ± 15,control group 42 ± 17 vs.38 ± 16 (t =-3.580,P =0.001).There was significant difference on the total score of GMFM-66 and the three dimensions score (Lying & Rolling,Sitting and Walking,Running & Jumping) of GMFM-88 between two group.Lying & Rolling:F =4.59,P =0.036; Sitting:F =6.40,P =0.014 ; Walking,Running & Jumping:F =4.35,P =0.041.Conclusion The synthetic rehabilitation treatment in Medical institutions associate with family rehabilitation treatment using the assistive devices can effectively improve the recovery of gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy.

An Equation of Calculating Oxygen Consumption of Physical Activity in Obese Children and Adolescents / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective To establish an equation of oxygen consumption in obese children and adolescents by multilevel linear model analytical method. Methods Sixty obese children and adolescents aged 11-16 years were randomly divided into the formula group(n=40) and back substitution verification group(n=20), with equal male and female. Subjects in formula group started exercise in the speed of 2km/h, increased lKm/h every 2.5 minutes till 8km/h, without gradient in treadmill and 80% HRmax was set as standard of exercise termination. Gaseous metabolism parameter and heart rate were measured for the set up of multiple linear regression equation of oxygen consumption. Back substitution verification was also made. Results Males' R~2 was 0.795 and females' R~2 was 0.75 in regression equation; oxygen consumption had a linear relationship (P0.001) with HR and LBM; The significance of variation coefficient and constants were obvious. The regression equation were set up as male:oxygen consumption(ml/min)=20.098xheart rate(bmp)+25.160×LBM(kg)-2935.835 and female: oxygen consumption(ml/min)=19.863xheart rate(bmp)+26.551×LBM(kg)-2675.676. The predictive value of oxygen consumption of the average relative error was 6.84%～8.72% in male, and 6.53%～8.23% in female. Conclusion The multiple regression equation of oxygen consumption with heart rate and body weight as independent variables might be applied in the calculation of the oxygen consumption of physical activity in obese children and adolescents.

Effect of Aerobic Exercise on the Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Sedentary Healthy Adults: A Meta Analysis / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective Through this meta analysis of controlled clinical trials of the effect of aerobic exercise on the maximal oxygen uptake(VO_2max)in sedentary healthy adults,we attempt to provide evidence for exercise prescription.Methods MEDLINE search for controlled trials that involved in the effect of aerobic exercise on the VO_2max from 1976 to 2008 was conducted.The literatures were selected according to inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria.Review Manager 5.0 software provided a systematic evaluation for calculating VO_2 max Weighted Mean Difference with random effects model.Assessment of the sub-group of aerobic exercise intensity and literature publication bias were conducted.Results(1)Thirty five literatures were included in this review;involving 889 adults met the inclusion criteria.VO_2max Weighted Mean Difference is 3.61ml/kg/min,95%confidence interval 2.96～4.25ml/kg/min,with an increase of 13.2%,comparing with the average VO_2max values(27.26 ml/kg/min)before aerobic exercise.(2)The most effective exercise intensity was 70～80%VO_2max,71～80%HRmax and 61～70% HRR according to the sub.group of aerobic exercise intensity meta analysis.Conclusion VO_2max increased significantly due to participating in aerobic exercise in sedentary healthy adults.The results will provide a theoretical basis for me development of aerobic exercise prescription with appropriate intensity.

Modulation of NKT cells and Th1/Th2 imbalance after alpha-GalCer treatment in progressive load-trained rats.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer), a synthetic glycolipid agonist of natural killer T (NKT) cells, can ameliorate exercise-induced immune imbalance. METHODS: Eight-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were trained with a progressively increasing load for 9 weeks. At 36 h and at 7 d after training, groups of rats were euthanized. The whole blood was used to detect hemoglobin(Hb), plasma was analyzed for hormones testosterone(T) and corticosterone(C), and spleen was harvested for detecting NKT cells and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin (IL)-4 producing cells. RESULTS: Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences between training and time in Series 1. The results showed, at 36h after training, that the decrease in Hb, T and C concentration reflected overtraining or excessive exercise. At 7 d after training, NKT cell populations decreased, and a T helper 1/T helper 2 (Th1/Th2) lymphocyte imbalance occurred. In Series 2, alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer), an NKT cell activator was found to enhance NKT cell numbers by 69% and shift the Th1/Th2 lymphocyte imbalance by observably decreasing the frequency of IL-4 secreting cells. CONCLUSION: These data showed that, in addition to Th1/Th2 self-regulation, alpha-GalCer played an important modulatory role in the exercise-induced Th1/Th2 lymphocyte imbalance, which may be correlative with NKT immunoregulatory cells.

Effects of chronic and acute training on glucocorticoid receptors concentrations in rats.

The effects of chronic endurance training and acute exercise on glucocorticoid receptors were investigated in rats. For chronic endurance training, rats were exposed to progressive running training on a motor-driven treadmill for 3, 5 and 7 weeks, twice a day and 6 days a week. The samples were taken, 34-36 hours after the last exercise bout. Some of the 7-week training rats were killed by decapitation 7 days following the last exercise bout. The glucocorticoid receptors in hepatic cytosol in 5-week and 7-week rats decreased as compared to the sedentary control. There was no significant difference between the glucocorticoid receptors in hepatic cytosol in some of the 7-week rats those who had stopped training for 7 days and those in the controls. The chronic endurance training did not lead to change of the apparent dissociation constant (Kd). The changes of glucocorticoid receptors after acute exercise have also been investigated and it showed profound decreases of glucocorticoid receptors in renal and myocardial cytosol in low intensity (swimming without an extra weight for 60 minutes) and high intensity (swimming with a weight equal to 6% of body mass for 60 minutes) training groups. The decreases in glucocorticoid receptors in renal and myocardial cytosol were less prominent after low intensity training. These results demonstrated that both acute exercise training and chronic endurance training could lead to a decrease in glucocorticoid receptors, which was in a training intensity- and training load volume-dependent manner, and the changes in glucocorticoid receptors during exercise training were reversible.

Heavy load exercise induced dysfunction of immunity and neuroendocrine responses in rats.

To determine whether immunity and neuroendocrine system is altered by different loads of exercise training in rats, eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: 1) cage control group (CCG); 2) moderate load training (MLT) (swimming at the intensity of 1.4 m/sec water flowing for 60 min per day); 3) heavy load training (HLT) (swimming at the intensity of 1.8 m/sec water flowing for 120 min per day). MLT and HLT rats were assigned to swim for 6 days per week for total of 6 weeks. All rats were sacrificed 36 h after their last training session. Splenocytes were pooled for assay of cell proliferation and neuropeptide contents in the hypothalamus, hypophysis and plasma were determined by radioimmunoassay while glucocorticoid specific binding in intact thymus was measured by radioligand binding assay. All rats were weighed weekly. The results showed that after 6-week training, rat splenocyte proliferation in response to Con A and LPS decreased in HLT rats compared with MLT and CCG rats. In addition, the contents of beta-endorphin, dynorphin A, arginine vasopressin and oxytocin in the hypothalamus, hypophysis and plasma were altered by HLT, as shown by increased plasma concentration of glucocorticoids and decreased glucocorticoids specific binding in intact thymus compared with MLT and CCG. Furthermore, a decreased body mass in HLT rats has been observed. The body mass of HLT rats was significantly lower than that in CCG and MLT rats at the end of the swimming training period. These data suggest that 6-week heavy load training induces the dysfunction of immunity and neuroendocrine responses, which might be one of the underlying mechanisms of immune dysfunction in overtraining.

Practical Guide of Simplified Testing Physical Fitness for Shanghai Citizens / 中国运动医学杂志

The purpose of the present study is to establish the physical fitness service network for Shanghai citizens aged 20～69 years,based on the national physical fitness monitoring system and lab testing techniques.The established physical fitness testing network now is ready for use through internet in Shanghai to promote the Shanghai as a "Healthy City".

Comparative Study of Air Displacement Plethysmography,Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Skinfold Thickness in the Determination of Adult Body Fat Percentage / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the correlations of air displacement plethysmography (ADP, BOD-POD) with the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA, including TANITA and OMRON methods) and skinfold thickness (ST). Methods Six hundred and ninety-seven healthy Shanghai adults (471 male and 226 female), aged 20-to 59 year, were enrolled in this study. Measurement of body composition derived from ADP was used as the reference method. The validity of all of the other methods was assessed by comparison against the reference by one-way anova and bivariate correlations. Results Estimation of body fat percentage by BIA were highly correlated with that by ADP in both male and female subjects (r=0.702 to 0.760, P

Changes of T-helper1/T-helper2 Special Cytokine mRNA Expression during 5 Weeks Incremental Load Training / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective To explore the exercise induced immunity changes during incremental load training from the view of the expression of helper T cells (Th) mRNA. Methods Using the technique of real-time quantified PCR to observe T-helper-special cytokine mRNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cell dynamically in healthy young male who have been trained with incremental exercise for five weeks. Results There was no obvious change in IL-2 mRNA during five weeks training. Meanwhile IL-4 mRNA increased greatly in the second, third and fourth week. IFN-? mRNA as well as IFN-? mRNA/IL-4 mRNA increased remarkably in the third, fourth and fifth week . Conclusion The expression of T-helper1/ T-helper2 cytokine mRNA were up-regulated after five weeks and the subjects were gradually adapt to the increased load which indicated the enhancement of immunity function .

The Effect of Treadmill Running on Neurogenesis in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus of Young SD Rats / 中国运动医学杂志

0.05). Conclusion Treadmill running with low load for 1 week can enhance neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of young SD rats.

Quantitative Real-time Detection of Spontaneous Perforin(PFR) Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell(PBMC) by Polymerase Chain Reaction / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective To develop a method for quantitative real-time detection of perforin(PFR) using polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Methods Gene expression of PFR in peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC) from 25 healthy individuals was detected by PCR.An endogenous"housekeeping" gene GAPDH was used to normalize the results.Results and Conclusion The spontaneous PFR mRNA expression in PBMC in a given sample could be measured by PCR with relativity correlation coefficient of r=1.

Effect of Aerobic Exercise on the Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Sedentary Healthy Adults:A Meta Analysis / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective Through this meta analysis of controlled clinical trials of the effect of aerobic exercise on the maximal oxygen uptake(VO2max) in sedentary healthy adults,we attempt to provide evidence for exercise prescription.Methods MEDLINE search for controlled trials that involved in the effect of aerobic exercise on the VO2max from 1976 to 2008 was conducted.The literatures were selected according to inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria.Review Manager 5.0 software provided a systematic evaluation for calculating VO2max Weighted Mean Difference with random effects model.Assessment of the sub-group of aerobic exercise intensity and literature publication bias were conducted.Results(1)Thirty five literatures were included in this review;involving 889 adults met the inclusion criteria.VO2max Weighted Mean Difference is 3.61ml/kg/min,95% confidence interval 2.96 ～ 4.25ml/kg/min,with an increase of 13.2%,comparing with the average VO2max values(27.26 ml/kg/min) before aerobic exercise.(2) The most effective exercise intensity was 70～80%VO2max,71～80% HRmax and 61～70% HRR according to the sub-group of aerobic exercise intensity meta analysis.Conclusion VO2max increased significantly due to participating in aerobic exercise in sedentary healthy adults.The results will provide a theoretical basis for the development of aerobic exercise prescription with appropriate intensity.

The Correlation between Exercise-Induced HSP72 mRNA Expression and Myocardial Enzyme Activity and Mechanical Performance in Rats / 中国运动医学杂志

0.05). With prolonged of the training period, all the above indexes reverted gradually. Conclusion There might exist an inner correlation between the protective function of myocardium and the expression of myocardial HSP72 mRNA after training.

The Possible Relationship between Exercise-induced HSP72 mRNA and Ultrastructure of Myocardium in Rats / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective To research the possible relati onship between exercise-induced HSP72mRNA and ultrastructure of myocardium in rats. Methods 36 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group,one week training group(T1),two weeks training group(T2),three weeks train ing group(T3).The rats in T1,T2 and T3 were trained on treadmill with 75%VO 2ma x intensity for 1 week,2 weeks and 3 weeks respectively.All rats were sacrificed within 24 hours after training and HSP72 mRNA expression of cardiac myocytes we re detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The chang es of ultrastructure of myocardium in rats were also analyzed by electron micros cope.Results (1)HSP72 mRNA expression in T1 and T2 group were si gnificant higher than controls and T3 group.(2)According to electron microscope results of cardiac myocyte in rats,the sequence of damage degree from slight to severe was T3