New technique for intrathoracic implantation of extraluminal spiral prostheses in the trachea

Background: Extraluminal surgical procedures for intrathoracic tracheal collapse in dogs are not routinely performed. The patients are normally treated with different drugs or by intraluminal stents. However, in more severe cases, drug treatment does not always have good outcomes, and intraluminal prostheses can be correlated to several postoperative problems. In order to obtain better results, we aimed to develop a surgical technique for implantation of a new extraluminal helical prosthesis in the thoracic segment of the trachea through cervical access, associated with pneumatic mediastinoscopy for certification of the technique and minimization of possible complications. Materials, Methods & Results: Seven canine corpses (CCs) from non-traumatic death, weighing between 2 and 7 kg, were used. A ventral cervical approach to the trachea was associated with blunt mediastinal dissection. Trans cervical pneumatic mediastinoscopy was used for evaluation of the dissection and location of the implant. These were compared with the necropsy findings by the exact Wilcoxon two-sample test, with P < 0.05. The results of necropsy and mediastinoscopy did not present significant differences at P < 0.05. During the examinations, the presence of some mediastinal visceral le-sions caused by the prosthesis, the integrity of the mediastinum and possible lesions to RLN and blood vessels (BV) were analyzed. We also investigated the location of the distal part of the prosthesis in the thoracic segment of the trachea and its dissection. To evaluate the technique, statistical comparison was made between mediastinoscopy and necropsy find-ings. The data were compared by the Wilcoxon test at 5% probability. The tracheas of all CCs were efficiently dissected, but in some cases problems that can happen during the procedure were noticed. This was checked by mediastinoscopy and confirmed by necropsy. The median of the scores was...(AU)

New technique for intrathoracic implantation of extraluminal spiral prostheses in the trachea

Background: Extraluminal surgical procedures for intrathoracic tracheal collapse in dogs are not routinely performed. The patients are normally treated with different drugs or by intraluminal stents. However, in more severe cases, drug treatment does not always have good outcomes, and intraluminal prostheses can be correlated to several postoperative problems. In order to obtain better results, we aimed to develop a surgical technique for implantation of a new extraluminal helical prosthesis in the thoracic segment of the trachea through cervical access, associated with pneumatic mediastinoscopy for certification of the technique and minimization of possible complications. Materials, Methods & Results: Seven canine corpses (CCs) from non-traumatic death, weighing between 2 and 7 kg, were used. A ventral cervical approach to the trachea was associated with blunt mediastinal dissection. Trans cervical pneumatic mediastinoscopy was used for evaluation of the dissection and location of the implant. These were compared with the necropsy findings by the exact Wilcoxon two-sample test, with P < 0.05. The results of necropsy and mediastinoscopy did not present significant differences at P < 0.05. During the examinations, the presence of some mediastinal visceral le-sions caused by the prosthesis, the integrity of the mediastinum and possible lesions to RLN and blood vessels (BV) were analyzed. We also investigated the location of the distal part of the prosthesis in the thoracic segment of the trachea and its dissection. To evaluate the technique, statistical comparison was made between mediastinoscopy and necropsy find-ings. The data were compared by the Wilcoxon test at 5% probability. The tracheas of all CCs were efficiently dissected, but in some cases problems that can happen during the procedure were noticed. This was checked by mediastinoscopy and confirmed by necropsy. The median of the scores was...

Heavy metal poisoning in a cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus)

Background: In recent decades the demand for unconventional pets has been relatively increasing, a situation that increasingly causes veterinarians to encounter these animals in medical and surgical practice. Of these animals, the birds stand out. Animals of the order Psittaciform are known as very curious and active creatures that have the tendency to chew objects in their environment. Among the several occurrences that lead this animal to attend the veterinary clinic, we highlight the poisoning by heavy metals, especially lead poisoning (Pb) and zinc (Zn). The objective of this work was to report a case of heavy metal intoxication in cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus).Case: A cockatiel was taken to the veterinarian with a history of apathy, motor incoordination, exacerbated water consumption and regurgitation. Complete anamnesis was instrumental in directing suspected heavy metal intoxication. Radiopaque particles were visualized through radiographic examination, suggesting heavy metal intoxication. The diagnosis was concluded through complementary examinations since the clinical symptoms are nonspecific. The treatment was intended to provide emergency intervention, avoid further absorption, use of antidotes, provide supportive measures and provide guidance to the owner. It can be concluded that the diagnosis and treatment were successful.Discussion: Metal poisoning can kill birds. The veterinarian should always seek the literature in order to perform the best support and treatment. For this, detailed history and detailed medical history must be taken into account, since the time of ingestion and the type of metal interfere with the therapeutic conduct. The use of imaging tests such as x-rays and ultrasound are essential to assist the clinician, especially in cases where the tutor does not know whether or not the animal has ingested an object.[...]

Heavy metal poisoning in a cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus)

Background: In recent decades the demand for unconventional pets has been relatively increasing, a situation that increasingly causes veterinarians to encounter these animals in medical and surgical practice. Of these animals, the birds stand out. Animals of the order Psittaciform are known as very curious and active creatures that have the tendency to chew objects in their environment. Among the several occurrences that lead this animal to attend the veterinary clinic, we highlight the poisoning by heavy metals, especially lead poisoning (Pb) and zinc (Zn). The objective of this work was to report a case of heavy metal intoxication in cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus).Case: A cockatiel was taken to the veterinarian with a history of apathy, motor incoordination, exacerbated water consumption and regurgitation. Complete anamnesis was instrumental in directing suspected heavy metal intoxication. Radiopaque particles were visualized through radiographic examination, suggesting heavy metal intoxication. The diagnosis was concluded through complementary examinations since the clinical symptoms are nonspecific. The treatment was intended to provide emergency intervention, avoid further absorption, use of antidotes, provide supportive measures and provide guidance to the owner. It can be concluded that the diagnosis and treatment were successful.Discussion: Metal poisoning can kill birds. The veterinarian should always seek the literature in order to perform the best support and treatment. For this, detailed history and detailed medical history must be taken into account, since the time of ingestion and the type of metal interfere with the therapeutic conduct. The use of imaging tests such as x-rays and ultrasound are essential to assist the clinician, especially in cases where the tutor does not know whether or not the animal has ingested an object.[...](AU)

Tétano pós-cirúrgico em canino / Tetanus postoperative in dog

Tetanus is a toxic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani,affecting animals and humans. An adult dog was taken to veterinary care after thetutors observation of paralysis with increased muscle tone, sardonic laughter, raised tailand erects ears after an orchiectomy performed by a practitioner. Based on the clinicalsigns and the history that the patient presented, the proposed diagnosis was tetanus. Thedebridement and cleaning of the surgical wound was performed and the animal wasplaced in a dark and calm environment. The therapy used was metronidazole anddiazepam. The fluid therapy of choice was the Lactated Ringer. However, after a fewhours the patient passed away.(AU)

Controle da dor crônica agudizada em cão submetido à exérese de mastocitoma / Control of acute chronic pain in a dog submitted to mastocytoma excision

Pain is characterized as an unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage resulting from a noxious stimulus that can lead to protein catabolism, stress, immunosuppression, delayed wound healing and acceleration of pathological processes. A dog with recurrent mastocytoma diagnosis was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the State University of Ceará, and the lesions were widely located in the right thoracic dorsolateral region. The patient was submitted to the surgical procedure of tumor excision and the anesthetic protocol used had as main objective the control of the intraoperative and chronic oncologic pain that would be exacerbated by the surgery. The protocol used yielded good postoperative results and this reaffirms the importance of knowing the classification and pathophysiology of pain so that the veterinarian can take the most appropriate behavior, providing greater comfort and survival to the patient.(AU)

Controle da dor crônica agudizada em cão submetido à exérese de mastocitoma / Control of acute chronic pain in a dog submitted to mastocytoma excision

Pain is characterized as an unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage resulting from a noxious stimulus that can lead to protein catabolism, stress, immunosuppression, delayed wound healing and acceleration of pathological processes. A dog with recurrent mastocytoma diagnosis was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the State University of Ceará, and the lesions were widely located in the right thoracic dorsolateral region. The patient was submitted to the surgical procedure of tumor excision and the anesthetic protocol used had as main objective the control of the intraoperative and chronic oncologic pain that would be exacerbated by the surgery. The protocol used yielded good postoperative results and this reaffirms the importance of knowing the classification and pathophysiology of pain so that the veterinarian can take the most appropriate behavior, providing greater comfort and survival to the patient.

Tétano pós-cirúrgico em canino / Tetanus postoperative in dog

Tetanus is a toxic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani,affecting animals and humans. An adult dog was taken to veterinary care after thetutor’s observation of paralysis with increased muscle tone, sardonic laughter, raised tailand erects ears after an orchiectomy performed by a practitioner. Based on the clinicalsigns and the history that the patient presented, the proposed diagnosis was tetanus. Thedebridement and cleaning of the surgical wound was performed and the animal wasplaced in a dark and calm environment. The therapy used was metronidazole anddiazepam. The fluid therapy of choice was the Lactated Ringer. However, after a fewhours the patient passed away.