Software-assisted analysis during ocular health screening.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of software-assisted analysis of non-mydriatic 45° color fundus images during comprehensive ocular screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Software-driven filters (blue [490 nm; nerve fiber layer], green [550 nm; neural retina], and red [610 nm; pigmented retina/choroid]) and an "emboss" (topographic changes) digital filter were used to enhance image analysis during ocular health screening performed using a Canon (Tokyo, Japan) 8.2-megapixel non-mydriatic retinal camera. Intraocular pressure (model TX-f full auto non-contact tonometer; Canon) and visual acuity (SIMAV, Padova, Italy) were also determined. An on-site medical director analyzed the collected data, provided immediate subject feedback, and made recommendations and referrals for general or specialty ophthalmology clinics. RESULTS: Software-assisted analysis was performed on color images from 128 veterans (mean age, 37.5 years; 66% male; 43% white). Software filters allowed efficient image analysis at a rate of 26 eyes/h. Thirteen (10.2%) persons had a finding consistent with a vision-threatening disease and were referred for a dilated fundus examination. CONCLUSIONS: Software-assisted screening permits thorough and efficient evaluation of ocular health during an ocular screening event.

Ocular telehealth screenings in an urban community.

The current U.S. economic recession has resulted in a loss of income, housing, and healthcare coverage. Our major goal in this socioeconomic setting was to provide ophthalmic remote health screenings for urban soup kitchen and homeless populations in order to identify and refer undetected vision-threatening disease (VTD). We assessed visual acuity, blood pressure, pulse/oxygen saturation, body mass index, and intraocular pressure for 341 participants at soup kitchens as part of the homeless outreach program in Newark, NJ. History of diabetes, hypertension, and smoking, last ocular examination, and ocular history were noted. Imaging was performed with an 8.2 megapixel non-mydriatic retinal camera with high-speed Internet ready for off-site second opinion image evaluation. Positive VTD findings were identified in 105 participants (31%) (mean age, 53.6 years), of whom 78% were African American, 73% males, and 62% smokers. We detected glaucoma in 34 participants (32%), significant cataract in 22 (21%), diabetic retinopathy in 5 (5%), optic atrophy in 1 (1%), age-related macular degeneration in 1 (1%), and other retinal findings in 43 (41%). The incidence of VTDs was higher among this cohort than among study groups in previous screenings (31% vs. 12%). This finding shows an increase in ocular morbidity in a younger, at-risk population with elevated rates of hypertension, diabetes, and smoking. Functional visual impairment was 2.5 times higher than the national average (16% vs. 6.4%). Comprehensive, community-based screenings can provide more sensitive detection of VTDs in high-risk groups with low access to ophthalmic care and can be an integral part of recession solutions for improving healthcare.