Atypical and malignant meningioma: outcome and prognostic factors in 68 irradiated patients.

Meningiomas account for up to 20 % of all primary intracranial neoplasms; although the majority of these have a benign course, as many as 5-10 % can display more aggressive behavior and a higher incidence of disease progression. The benefit of immediate adjuvant radiotherapy is still being debated for atypical and malignant meningiomas. This study aimed to retrospectively assess prognostic factors and outcome in 68 patients with atypical and malignant meningiomas. Sixty-eight meningioma patients were treated with radiotherapy after initial resection or for recurrence, between January 1993 and December 2011. Surgery was macroscopically complete in 80 % of the patients; histology was atypical and malignant in 51 patients and 17 patients, respectively. Mean dose of radiotherapy was 54.6 Gy. Fifty-six percent of all patients received radiotherapy after surgical resection, 26 % at the first relapse, and 18 % at the second relapse. Median follow-up was 6.7 years, (range 1.5-19.9 years). The 5- and 10-year actuarial overall survival (OS) rates were 74.1 and 45.6 %, respectively. At univariate analysis age >60 years, radiotherapy dose >52 Gy showed statistical significance, (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively). At the multivariate analysis radiotherapy dose >52 Gy maintained the statistical significance, (p = 0.037). OS of patients treated with radiotherapy at diagnosis was longer than the survival of patients treated with salvage radiotherapy; however this difference did not reach statistical significance when tested for the entire series or for the subgroups of grade 2 and grade 3 patients. The 5- and 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 76.5 and 69.5 %, respectively, and were significantly influenced by size >5 cm (p = 0.04) and grading (p = 0.003) on univariate analysis. At multivariate analysis, size and grading both remained significant prognostic factors, p = 0.044 and p = 0.0006, respectively. Grade ≤ 2 acute side effects were seen during radiotherapy treatment in 16 % of the patients, with no ≥ grade 3 acute toxicity, based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. In this mono-institutional retrospective study, age and radiotherapy dose were associated with a longer OS, while preoperative size and grading of the tumor influenced DFS. Although there were some advantages in terms of OS for patients treated with postoperative radiotherapy, the benefit did not reach the significance. Multicenter prospective studies are necessary to clarify the management and the correct timing of radiotherapy in such a rare disease.

A case of carcinoid heart metastases.

Carcinoid tumor is an uncommon tumor that has often already developed metastases at the time of diagnosis. The primary site of tumors are the gastrointestinal tract, breast, and bronchus. The first manifestation of "carcinoid syndrome" occurs as a result of hormone production and cardiac involvement can be recognized in approximately half of the patients. The tricuspid or pulmonary valves are often affected, while, more rarely, the myocardial wall is of interest. A 51-year-old female patient affected by a primary pancreatic carcinoid showed interventricular septum carcinoid disease diagnosed by 2D echocardiography.

Lipoastrocytoma: Case report and review of the literature.

Lipoastrocytoma is an extremely rare tumor, with only six cases described. We report the case of an astrocytoma involving the upper part of the cerebellar-pontine angle and the right portion of the clivus starting from the brainstem with a diffuse lipomatous component in a 39 year-old man. The patient was admitted with headache of 1 year's duration and diplopia over the previous 3 months. MRI revealed a ponto-cerebellar lesion that showed irregular enhancement after contrast administration. Subtotal excision of the tumor was accomplished. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy were not administered. Histologically the tumor showed the classical histology of low-grade astrocytoma and a portion of the lesion was composed of lipid-laden cells. Immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acid and S-100 proteins clearly demonstrated the glial nature of these cells. Ki-67/Mib-1 labeling index was low (2%). The patient remains in good neurological conditions after 10 months. Our case has a benign postoperative behavior, also after subtotal excision, with restrictions due to the short follow-up. It is important to record each new case of this rare tumor to produce a better characterization of this lesion.

Symptomatic leptomeningeal and intramedullary metastases from intracranial glioblastoma multiforme: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma multiforme infrequently metastasizes to the leptomeninges and even more rarely to the spinal cord. Moreover, very few patients with intracranial glioblastoma develop symptoms from spinal dissemination, with most patients not surviving long enough for spinal disease to become clinically evident. CASE REPORT: We present a rare case of symptomatic diffuse spinal leptomeningeal metastases simultaneously to an intramedullary lesion from an intracranial glioblastoma multiforme. After the diagnosis of spinal metastases the patient was treated with limited-field spinal radiotherapy (30 Gy in 3-Gy fractions). RESULTS: Radiotherapy on the main spinal lesions provided either relief from pain or mild improvement of neurological deficits. The patient died due to intracranial progression 4 months after diagnosis of spinal seeding and 17 months after diagnosis of the primary disease. We analyzed leptomeningeal and spinal metastases from glioblastoma multiforme with reference to the literature. CONCLUSIONS: Radiotherapy for spinal disease may provide important symptom relief but the prognosis of these patients remains dramatically poor. As the local control of primary glioblastoma multiforme has improved with recent therapeutic advances, distant metastasis from high-grade gliomas is likely to become a more common clinical problem and such patients need to be included in clinical trials to evaluate new therapeutic approaches.

Teleconsultations as a step towards hospital interoperability.

The paper presents an interregional telemedicine project between hospitals from two countries that encourage good economic cooperation. It uses modern technology and diverse human resources that contribute to a better accomplishment of the goals of the project and insures continuity of the services after the ending of the project. It instantiates the vision of e-Europe regarding access to healthcare services and the increasing mobility of patients.

Efficacy of azathioprine on multiple sclerosis new brain lesions evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging.

BACKGROUND: Azathioprine is an immunosuppressive agent that reduces relapse rates in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), but its efficacy in suppressing new brain lesions has never been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of azathioprine therapy on new brain lesion suppression in MS. DESIGN: Open-label treatment vs baseline study. SETTING: Outpatient MS clinical center at a university hospital. PATIENTS: Fourteen patients with relapsing-remitting MS of short duration and at least 3 gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) brain lesions observed within 6 months before treatment. INTERVENTION: Azathioprine, up to 3 mg/kg daily, individually adjusted according to blood lymphocyte number and the occurrence of adverse events. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Brain Gd+ lesions evaluated by monthly magnetic resonance imaging for 6 months before and 6 months during treatment and new T2 lesions evaluated during the same periods and after an additional 6 months. RESULTS: The treatment reduced to 0 the median Gd+ lesion number and volume per magnetic resonance image (P<.001 for both), resulting in a Gd+ lesion number reduction of 50% or more in 12 of 14 patients (P<.01). An equivalent reduction in the new T2 lesion number was observed (P<.02); this activity also persisted during the additional treatment period evaluated using this outcome measure (P<.01). The median azathioprine dose administered (2.6-2.8 mg/kg daily) reduced the mean blood lymphocyte count to 57% of the baseline value. Adverse events were transient or reversible with dose adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates for the first time that azathioprine, administered at lymphocyte-suppressing doses, is effective in reducing MS new brain inflammatory lesions and is well tolerated.