Adaptation of the Short Dark Triad (SD3) to Spanish Adolescents.

(1) Background: The dark triad refers to a personality configuration mainly characterized by the presence of Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. Even though adolescence is a critical stage in the development of dark triad traits, to date, this construct has not been studied among adolescents, mainly due to the lack of a measurement instrument adapted to this population. (2) Methods: Using a sample of 1642 adolescents, an adaptation of the Short Dark Triad (SD3) is proposed for this population. To this end, we performed a confirmatory factor analysis of the scale and examined its reliability and the intensity of the dark triad components by sex and sexual orientation. (3) Results: The adapted version of the scale (The Short Dark Triad-Adolescent Version; SD3-A) yielded good psychometric results. Confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the theoretical model of the three factors of dark personality. The results confirmed the greater presence of dark traits in male adolescents, and differences were observed based on sexual orientation. (4) Conclusions: The Short Dark Triad-Adolescent Version (SD3-A) is an effective and comprehensive instrument for the estimation of dark traits in adolescents and can be used as a screening test for this population.

Relationship between Sports Practice, Physical and Mental Health and Anxiety-Depressive Symptomatology in the Spanish Prison Population.

The objective of this study was to evaluate, in a group of Galician inmates, if there were variations in the levels of physical and mental health and anxiety-depressive symptomatology, depending on the sports' practice performed. The relationship between these constructs was also investigated. The sample was composed of 509 people deprived of liberty in prisons in the Autonomous Community of Galicia, Spain. A quantitative methodology was used, with the questionnaire as an information collection instrument, Student's t-tests, Pearson's correlation analysis and a stepwise regression analysis were carried out. The results indicated that those who performed physical activity during their stay in prison had higher levels of physical and mental health, as well as lower indicators of anxiety-depressive symptoms. People who did not practice sports showed a decrease in their perceived health levels when compared to those perceived in their pre-prison stage. A negative association was shown between perceived health levels and anxiety-depressive symptomatology. Perceived physical health, alone, explained 35% of the variance in perceived mental health. These results add to knowledge about the relationships between perceived health, anxiety-depressive symptoms and sports practice in the group of people deprived of liberty, highlighting the importance of promoting physical activity in penitentiary institutions.

Technostress in Spanish University Teachers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

One of the measures adopted by the government of Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic has been the elimination of face-to-face classes in all universities, requiring that all teachers had to conduct their classes in an online mode. The objective of this article is to study how this adaptation among university teachers affected their job performance due to the technostress (objective and subjective) that they may have suffered. Based on the person-environment misfit theory (P-E fit theory), the sample consisted of 239 teachers from face-to-face and online universities in Spain who were asked to identify the type of technostress, feelings of technostress, and impact on job performance as a result of online teaching due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Results show that teachers who suffered the most from the negative consequences of technology have been female teachers from face-to-face universities who are older, have more years of experience, and consequently, hold a higher position. Despite previous results none of the above variables have been significant in explaining the decline in job performance during confinement. It was also observed that although the effect on job performance was similar for online teachers as well as face-to-face teachers, the variables that explained this effect were different. For the online teachers, there was a misfit between the demands and resources, which are explained based on the previous theory (P-E fit theory). Teachers from face-to-face universities pointed to the lack of instructions from their organization, along with subjective feelings of techno-inefficacy, as the reasons behind the decline in job performance during the lockdown period. Looking ahead to future research on the incorporation of information and communications technology in teaching work, it is necessary to consider variables associated with technostress, both objective and subjective, in order to increase the effectiveness of integrating emerging technology into teaching work.

Technostress in Spanish University Students: Validation of a Measurement Scale.

The increasingly widespread use of technology has led to the emergence of phenomena harmful to users such as technostress. Although technostress has already been studied in other contexts, it is still pending study in a university education environment, where the use of information and communication technologies is increasingly widespread. Thus, the objective of this study was to adapt a technostress questionnaire for Spanish university students based on an instrument that had been designed in a Chinese university teaching population. A total of 1,744 Spanish university students from face-to-face and online universities completed the adapted Spanish technostress scale. Factorial analyses suggested the elimination of two items from the original scale and a model made up of five factors that fit, as in the original scale, within the person-environment misfit theory. The reduced scale also showed good internal consistency for all the items and the five resulting factors. These results support the psychometric properties of the reduced technostress scale in university students, and their validity when offering a complete view of the phenomenon in Spain.

Personality characteristics of a sample of violent adolescents against their partners.

BACKGROUND: The study of intimate partner violence has historically focused on violence perpetrated on females by males, but recent research suggests that, at least in teenage couples, the difference between genders is decreasing or even reversing. The objective of this study is to analyze the personality characteristics of adolescents who are violent with their partners. The sample consisted of 430 subjects (229 girls and 201 boys), between 14 and 19 years (M = 16.18, SD = 1.81), middle or high school students, which completed the Personality Assessment Inventory-Adolescents and the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory. RESULTS: The results show that girls have higher personality scores on the scales that show problems of internal behavior (depression and anxiety), while boys show higher scores on the scales of external behavior problems (antisocial behavior and drug use). Through a regression analysis, the results show predictive weights in the aggression traits (ß = .331, p < .001), antisocial characteristics (ß = .202, p < .001), and mania (ß = .185, p < .05), as the scores on the scale of violence perpetrated increase in girls. For boys, personality variables do not seem to have such a decisive weight to explain the violence committed, since only heat and alcohol problems represent 5.4% of the variance found. These differences between boys and girls should be analyzed in future studies and, if the findings are maintained, taken into account when developing programs to prevent gender-based violence in adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show how the personality characteristics have a differential weight in the explanation of the teen dating aggression according to the gender of the aggressors, with a greater relevance in the prediction of the aggressive behaviors committed by the girls.

Análisis del autoconcepto en las víctimas de violencia de género entre adolescentes / Analysis of self-concept in victims of gender based violence among adolescents

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el autoconcepto en las víctimas de violencia de género entre adolescentes. Habiéndose constatado una menor autoestima en las víctimas de este tipo de violencia, se pretende comprobar si sucede lo mismo con el componente cognitivo de la visión que cada uno tenemos de nosotros mismos y que constituye el autoconcepto. Se ha utilizado una muestra compuesta por 266 adolescentes españoles con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y 19 años, que cursan estudios de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato. Se observa interacción significativa del género y la edad con el autoconcepto en adolescentes que sufren violencia en su relación, y las chicas con edades comprendidas entre los 16-17 años son el grupo de mayor vulnerabilidad. Son ellas las que presentan más bajo autoconcepto emocional y físico; así se constata que a medida que aumenta la edad, la prevalencia de este tipo de violencia se hace mayor. De cara a prevenir y paliar los efectos de la violencia de pareja en adolescentes, los programas de prevención deben incluir den tro de sus áreas de actuación acciones de educación emocional, que ayuden a mejorar el autoconcepto emocional de las víctimas.

Abstract This paper seeks to analyse self-concept in gender-based violence victims amongst adolescents. Having noticed a lower self-esteem in the victims of this type of violence, the authors wanted to verify whether the same effect takes place with the cognitive component of the vision that we each have of ourselves, which constitutes the self-concept. The popu lation sample consisted of 266 Spanish adolescents aged between 14 and 19 years attending middle school or high school. A significant interaction is observed between gender and age and self-concept in adolescents that suffer violence in their relationship. Similarly, girls aged 16-17 are the most vulnerable group. The latter have the lowest emotional and physical self-concept. Thus, it is corroborated that the prevalence of this type of violence becomes greater as age increases. In order to prevent and mitigate the effects of gender-based violence on adolescents, prevention programs must include emotional education aspects within their areas of action, so as to help improve the emotional self-concept of the victims.

Análisis de la impulsividad en diferentes grupos de adolescentes agresivos / Analysis of Impulsivity in Different Groups of Aggressive Adolescents

Given the limited research focused on the relationship between aggression and impulsivity in adolescents, and the significant effects of this relationship highlighted in the studies on this topic, this paper analyzes impulsivity in different groups of aggressive adolescents. Two self-report questionnaires, the Questionnaire of Reactive and Proactive Aggression and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale were applied in a sample of 400 adolescents of the Community of Madrid, between 12 and 18 years of age. The results showed that reactive, proactive and mixed aggressive adolescents reported higher overall impulsivity than non-aggressive ones. Particularly, all aggressive groups showed higher scores of motor impulsivity than non-aggressive, whereas proactive aggressive adolescents showed higher levels of non-planner impulsivity. There were no differences according to age and sex of the participants. These results are discussed pointing out the relevance of impulsivity in the different types of aggression analyzed, in particular according to prevention and intervention with this risk population (AU)

Ante la escasa investigación sobre las relaciones entre agresividad e impulsividad en la etapa adolescente, y los relevantes efectos que estas relaciones presentan en los estudios realizados al respecto, el presente trabajo analiza la impulsividad en distintos grupos de adolescentes agresivos. Se aplicaron dos instrumentos de auto-informe, el Cuestionario de Agresión Reactiva y Proactiva y la Escala de Impulsividad de Barratt a una muestra de 400 adolescentes de la Comunidad de Madrid con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 18 años de edad. Los resultados mostraron que los adolescentes agresivos reactivos, proactivos y mixtos presentaron mayores niveles de impulsividad general que los no agresivos. Asimismo, los tres grupos de adolescentes agresivos mostraron mayores puntuaciones de impulsividad motora que los no agresivos, mientras que los adolescentes agresivos proactivos mostraron mayores niveles de impulsividad no planificadora que los no agresivos. No se encontraron diferencias en función de la edad y sexo de los participantes. Se discuten estos resultados remarcando la importancia que la impulsividad presenta en los diferentes tipos de agresión analizados y, en particular, de cara a la prevención e intervención con este tipo de población de riesgo (AU)