[Efficacy of chloroquine in treatment of non-complicated malaria with Plasmodium falciparum in children at the San Pedro dispensary in Côte d'Ivoire]. / Effcacité thérapeutique de la chloroquine dans le traitement du paludisme simple dû à Plasmodium falciparum chez les enfants du dispensaire de San Pedro en Côte d'Ivoire.

A survey has been carried out in south-west of Côte d'Ivoire in order to study chloroquine resistance in treatment of malaria according to 14 days protocol of WHO (World Health Organisation) (1996) for evaluation of antimalarial drugs activity; 63 children, aged from 6 months to 15 years and suffering from noncomplicated malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum, received by oral way 25 mg/kg of chloroquine over three days (10-10-5). During the survey, they were subjected to a clinic and parasitologic (thick and thin blood film) follow up. We obtained, for 51 children (81%), a satisfactory clinical answer, for 8 children (13%) an early therapeutic failure and for the other 4 (6%) a late therapeutic failure. Moreover, we obtained 40% of failure in children of less than 24 months old, 25% between 24 months and 59 months and 7% beyond 6 years old.

Chloroquine efficacy in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria at three sentinel sites in northern Togo.

In Togo, chloroquine (CQ) remains the first-line drug for the treatment of uncomplicated, Plasmodium falciparum malaria. In the absence of recent data on the level of parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs, Togo's National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) decided to assess the current efficacy of CQ in the treatment of uncomplicated, P. falciparum malaria at three sentinel sites in the north of the country. Between the September and November of 2001, the World Health Organization's standard 14-day protocol was used to investigate 153 malarious children aged 6-59 months old (46 from Sokode, 54 from Niamtougou and 53 from Dapaong). Of the subjects from Sokode, Niamtougou and Dapaong, early treatment failure was observed in 0%, 7% and 12%, late treatment failure in 0%, 11% and 17%, and overall parasitological failure in 0%, 45% [with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 39%-51%] and 62% (CI=54%-70%), respectively. Even within northern Togo, there is clearly considerable geographical variation in the level of resistance to CQ. Before an efficient antimalarial-drug policy can be developed, there is an urgent need to develop and use the national surveillance system further, to collect relevant data on the efficacies of CQ and other antimalarial drugs, such as amodiaquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine.

[Blood levels of protein markers of inflammation and nutrition in the meningo-encephalitis phase of human African trypanosomiasis]. / Valeurs sériques des marqueurs protéiques de l'inflammation et de la nutrition dans la phase méningo-encéphalitique de la trypanosomose humaine africaine.

Two acute phase proteins; C-reactive protein and acid alpha 1-glycoprotein and three nutritional markers; prealbumin, retinol binding protein and transferrin have been evaluated in 8 patients suffering from trypanosomiasis in meningoencephalitic state and compared to those obtained from 15 normal control subjects. Findings show a markly decrease of nutritional markers without change of sera acute phase proteins. We concluded that in meningo-encephalitic state of human african trypanosomiasis, denutrition was a major biological or clinical feature in association with lymphoid cells stimulation as revealed by beta 2-M levels.

Bilan des examens parasitologiques du sang pour la recherche du paludisme a l'Institut Pasteur de Cote d'Ivoire (I.P.C.I.) en 1992: impact de la chimiotherapie sur les resultats de laboratoire

Au cours de l'annee 1992; le service de parasitologie de l'I.P.C.I. a effectue 1435 examens pour la recherche du paludisme. 269 resultats positifs ont ete obtenus; soit 18;74 pour cent de paludisme confirme contre 1166 resultats negatifs. 429 sujets; soit 29;89 pour cent ont recu un traitement antipaludique avant l'examen; 645 sujets; soit 44;94 pour cent n'ont recu aucun traitement prealable et pour 361 sujets; soit 25;15 pour cent aucune indication n'est donnee sur la prise du medicament. Parmi les patients qui ont consomme des medicaments; 17;01 pour cent avaient encore une goutte epaisse positive et chez les malades non traites 20;15 pour cent sont positifs. Lorsqu'on considere les produits consommes; sept specialites viennent largement en tete avec un pour centage d'utilisation de 84;71 pour cent. Par odre decroissant; ce sont: la Nivaquine; La Flavoquine; l'Halfan; l'Arsiquinoforme; le Quinimax; le Quiniforme et le Fansidar. Dans la presque totalite des cas de resultats positifs apres la prise de medicaments (89;88 pour cent) les doses sont infracuratives. 10 malades (2;73 pour cent); bien qu'ayant suivi le protocole therapeutique conseille pour le medicament choisi ont une goutte epaisse positive. Les auteurs ont conclu que l'inadaptation des doses etait le fait de la forte proportion d'automedication. L'echec therapeutique chez les 10 malades pourrait s'expliquer par l'existence de la chimioresistance dont celle a la chloroquine est deja reconnue

Situation de la chimioresistance du paludisme dans les Etats membres de l'OCCGE de 1991 a 1994

La chimioresistance du paludisme depuis son apparition dans les pays de l'OCCGE vers la fin des annees 1980 fait l'objet d'une surveillance organisee en reseau sous la coordination du CRCP (Centre de Reference de la Chimioresistance du Paludisme). La situation de la chimioresistance du paludisme dans ces pays de 1991 a 1994 a ete dressee a la suite des ateliers de 1993 et 1995

[Intestinal helminthiasis on Ancien-Fresco island (Ivory Coast)]. / Les helminthiases intestinales dans l'île d'Ancien-Fresco (Côte-d'Ivoire).

An epidemiologic survey has been done in November 1987 on 220 children aged from one to four in the Ancien-Fresco island (Côte-d'Ivoire). The results show that 84.5% of the children whose excreta have been examined have parasites. The Ascaridiasis is the helminthiasis the most frequent.

[Seroepidemiology of rubella in the Ivory Coast. Geographic distribution]. / Séroépidémiologie de la rubéole en Cote-d'Ivoire. Distribution géographique.

A total of 3,473 serum samples were collected from healthy subjects in five geographical areas of Côte-d'Ivoire, between July 1985 and August 1986, and were analysed for the presence of rubella haemagglutination inhibition antibodies. Rubella antibodies were present in 1,994 of the samples giving a prevalence of 57.4%. The distribution of this prevalence appeared to be influenced by the climatic conditions and the density of population. The areas of Korhogo and Sinematiali in the north with a hot and dry climate had high prevalences, while the areas of Bouake and Bondoukou in the Centre and Centre-east respectively had low prevalences. The prevalence of rubella antibodies increases with age until it reaches a relatively low level from the age of 15 onward. The analysis of the data by the chi 2 test indicates that there was a statistically significant variation in the prevalence of rubella antibodies between urban and rural communities (p less than 0.001). In the areas of Korhogo and Sinematiali the rubella virus appeared to be best circulate in the rural communities, while the reverse was observed in the areas of Bouake and Bondoukou. In this study, there was not a sex influence in immunity to rubella, because no difference immunity to the virus was observed between males and females. In women of child-bearing age (15 to 44 years) the rubella immunity was relatively low (61.2%).