An energy and information analysis method of logic gates based on stochastic thermodynamics.

To reduce the energy consumption of logic gates in digital circuits, the size of transistors approaches the mesoscopic scale, e.g. sub-7 nanometers. However, existing energy consumption analysis methods exhibit various deviation for logic gates when the nonequilibrium information processing of mesoscopic scale transistors with ultra-low voltages is analyzed. Based on the stochastic thermodynamics theory, an information energy ratio method is proposed for the energy consumption estimation of XOR gates composed of mesoscopic scale transistors. The proposed method provides a new insight to quantify the transformation between the information capacity and energy consumption for XOR gates and extending to other logic gates. Utilizing the proposed analysis method, the supply voltage of the parity check circuit can be optimized by numerical simulations without expensive and complex practical measurements. The information energy ratio is the first analytical method to quantify the energy and information transformation of logic gates at the mesoscopic scale.

The impact of link quality management on healthcare quality: a comparative study at The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of link quality management on healthcare quality. METHODS: In 2021, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University followed various regulations and systems to manage the quality of hospital links. In 2022, the hospital upgraded and strengthened the quality management of hospital links. We collected and compared data from 2021 and 2022 on several observation indicators, including error rates in medical records, outpatient and inpatient numbers, surgical volumes, adverse event reporting, dispute complaints, inpatient medical records and outpatient prescriptions grading, timely filing rate of medical records, inpatient satisfaction rate, average length of hospital stay, rate of level 3-4 surgeries, admission rate of critically ill patients, workload index, work efficiency index, diagnostic quality index, treatment quality index, antimicrobial drug use rate, staff satisfaction rate, patient satisfaction rate, composite index, and Case Mix Index (CMI). RESULTS: In 2021, the error rate of the first page of the general surgery medical records in The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University was 27.91%, while in 2022 it significantly improved to 9.60% (P<0.05). The error rates of the main diagnosis, major surgical operations, other diagnoses, and other surgical operations on the medical records were all significantly different between 2021 and 2022 (all P<0.05). In 2022, the outpatient volume, inpatient volume, surgical volume, and adverse event reporting increased significantly compared to those in 2021, while the number of dispute complaints decreased significantly. The first-grade rate of inpatient medical records, first-grade rate of outpatient prescriptions, timely filing rate of medical records, inpatient satisfaction rate, average length of hospital stay, rate of level 3-4 surgeries, and admission rate of critically ill patients in 2022 were all significantly higher than those in 2021 (all P<0.05). The workload index, work efficiency index, diagnostic quality index, and treatment quality index in 2022 were all significantly higher than those in 2021 (all P<0.05). The outpatient antimicrobial drug use rate, emergency department antimicrobial drug use rate, and inpatient antimicrobial drug use rate in 2022 were significantly lower than those in 2021 (all P<0.05). In 2022, the satisfaction rate of medical staff was 93.57%, which was significantly higher than 81.16% in 2021 (P<0.05). In 2022, the patient satisfaction rate was 91.53%, which was significantly higher than 82.17% in 2021 (P<0.05). In 2022, the composite index and CMI values increased, while the error rate decreased significantly, as compared to those in 2021 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: After upgrading and strengthening the link quality management, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University has achieved significant improvements in management level, medical quality, technical level, and staff satisfaction.

[Mechanism of interaction between chrysin and leptin].

The study of interaction mechanism between chrysin and leptin was investigated by various spectroscopic techniques and atom force microscope. The ultraviolet spectrum presents a red shift in 200-220 nm after chrysin upon. And there is a structure alternative showed in 270 nm when the concentration ratio of chrysin and leptin in 10-15. From the fluorescence spectrum, it was found that chrysin could combine with leptin in physiological condition. The binding constant (Ka) values, at 298 K and 310 K, were (0.41±0.05)×106 and (3.26±0.46)×106 L·mol⁻¹, and the binding site number were 1.02±0.04 and 0.51±0.01, respectively. The atom force microscope results showed that the dimension of leptin molecules became more swollen after binding with chrysin because of the hydrophobicity. These results demonstrate that the mechanism of chrysin and leptin interaction could play a role in leptin adjust in human body, and it could provide a new aspect for the study of obesity treatment.