Heterogeneity of Outcomes Reporting in Trials Evaluating Traditional Chinese Medicine Breast Massage for Stasis Acute Mastitis: A Methodological Review / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To systematically analyze the current status of outcomes reporting in clinical trials on treating stasis acute mastitis with Traditional Chinese Medicine breast massage.Methods We searched CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane library, JBI, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Clinical Trials Registry Platform portal, Clinical Trials Registry, Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, Center Watch Registry from inception to May 15, 2022 to find randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, case series and cohort studies which reported the outcomes of stasis acute mastitis managed with Traditional Chinese Medicine breast massage, with search terms of mastitis, acute mastitis, lactation mastitis, puerperal mastitis, breast problem, breast engorgement, milk stasis, blocked ducked, breast pain, breast massage, and acupoint massage. Outcomes and the measurement schemes (measurement methods, timing of assessing outcome, frequency of assessing outcome, measurers) were extracted from the included studies. We used the Management of Otitis Media with Effusion in Children with Cleft Palate (MOMENT) to assess the quality of each study, then categorized outcomes derived from the included studies into different domains according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Arthritis Clinic Trials (OMERACT) Filter 2.1 framework.Results We identified 85 clinical trials, in which 54 different outcomes were reported. A total of 81.2% (69/85) of studies were assessed as medium quality with a mean score of 2.6, and 18.8% (16/85) as low quality with a mean score of 0.9. These outcomes were organized in three core areas. Lump size (89.4%, 76/85) was the most frequently reported outcome, followed by breast pain (69.4%, 59/85) and milk excretion (68.2%, 58/85). Five methods were used to assess lump size and four methods to assess breast pain.Conclusions The outcomes reported in clinical trials regarding stasis acute mastitis treated by Traditional Chinese Medicine breast massage are heterogeneous. Developing a core outcome set to achieve consistent standards for reporting outcomes and modalities for validation of the outcomes is clearly warranted.

Aerosolized Ad5-nCoV booster vaccination elicited potent immune response against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant after inactivated COVID-19 vaccine priming

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has become the dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant around the world and exhibits immune escape to current COVID-19 vaccines to some extent due to its numerous spike mutations. Here, we evaluated the immune responses to booster vaccination with intramuscular adenovirus-vectored vaccine (Ad5-nCoV), aerosolized Ad5-nCoV, a recombinant protein subunit vaccine (ZF2001) or homologous inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac) in those who received two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines 6 months prior. We found that the Ad5-nCoV booster induced potent neutralizing activity against the wild-type virus and Omicron variant, while aerosolized Ad5-nCoV generated the greatest neutralizing antibody responses against the Omicron variant at day 28 after booster vaccination, at 14.1-fold that of CoronaVac, 5.6-fold that of ZF2001 and 2.0-fold that of intramuscular Ad5-nCoV. Similarly, the aerosolized Ad5-nCoV booster produced the greatest IFN{gamma} T-cell response at day 14 after booster vaccination. The IFN{gamma} T-cell response to aerosolized Ad5-nCoV was 12.8-fold for CoronaVac, 16.5-fold for ZF2001, and 5.0-fold for intramuscular Ad5-nCoV. Aerosolized Ad5-nCoV booster also produced the greatest spike-specific B cell response. Our findings suggest that inactivated vaccine recipients should consider adenovirus-vectored vaccine boosters in China and that aerosolized Ad5-nCoV may provide a more efficient alternative in response to the spread of the Omicron variant.

Molecular Imaging of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms with Positron Emission Tomography: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies on the relationship between positron emission tomography (PET) images and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression have shown contradictory results, and the objective of this study was to systematically review the role of PET in predicting AAA prognosis. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for studies evaluating the correlation between PET imaging results and AAA growth, repair, or rupture. REVIEW METHODS: Two authors independently performed the study search, data extraction, and quality assessment following a standard method. RESULTS: Of the 11 studies included in this review, nine used 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET and computed tomography (CT) imaging, whereas the remaining two used 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Findings from the 18F-FDG PET/CT studies were contradictory. Six studies found no significant association or correlation, and two studies found a significant negative correlation between 18F-FDG uptake and AAA expansion. Additionally, one study found that the 18F-FDG uptake was statistically positively related to the expansion rate in a specific AAA subgroup whose AAAs expanded significantly. Two studies suggested that increased 18F-FDG uptake was significantly associated with AAA repair, while the other studies either found no association between 18F-FDG uptake and AAA rupture or repair or failed to report the occurrence of clinical events. One PET/CT study that used 18F-NaF as a tracer showed that an increased tracer uptake was significantly associated with AAA growth and clinical events. Finally, the 18F-FDG PET/MRI study indicated that 18F-FDG uptake was not significantly correlated with AAA expansion. CONCLUSION: A definitive role for 18F-FDG PET imaging for AAA prognosis awaits further investigation, and new PET tracers such as 18F-NaF have the potential to be a promising method for predicting AAA clinical outcomes.

Efficacy and safety of leflunomide versus cyclophosphamide for initial-onset Takayasu arteritis: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Leflunomide (LEF) has been considered as an alternative treatment for Takayasu arteritis (TA); however, data on its efficacy are still scanty. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of LEF versus cyclophosphamide (CYC) for initial-onset TA. METHODS: Initial-onset TA patients with active disease were enrolled in this research. Patients enrolled from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2015 were treated with glucocorticoids and CYC, while patients enrolled from 1 January 2016 to 31 October 2018 received glucocorticoids and LEF. Treatment response including complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), and effectiveness rate (ER) and side effects were evaluated at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In total, 92 patients were enrolled. A total of 47 patients were treated with LEF, while 45 patients were treated with CYC. The CR and ER rates were 75.55%, and 88.89% at 6 months, and 85.37% and 95.12% at 12 months in the LEF group. The CR and ER rates were 39.02% and 70.73% at 6 months, and 56.41% and 82.05% at 12 months in the CYC group. The CR rate was significantly higher in the LEF group than in the CYC group both at 6 months (75.61% versus 38.24%, p < 0.01) and 12 months (77.42% versus 53.33%, p < 0.05) after adjustment for propensity scores. The incidence of side effects in the LEF group was much lower than that in the CYC group (21.28% versus 44.44%). In conclusion, LEF provided a better treatment response, along with lower reproductive toxicity, compared with CYC in initial-onset TA.

Physiological and transcriptomic analysis highlight key metabolic pathways in relation to drought tolerance in Rhododendron delavayi.

Rhododendron delavayi is an alpine evergreen ornamental plant, but water shortage limits its growth and development in urban gardens. However, the adaptive mechanism of alpine evergreen rhododendrons to drought remains unclear. Here, a water control experiment was conducted to study the physiological and transcriptomic response of R. delavayi to drought. The drought treatment for 9 days decreased photosynthetic rate, induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and damaged chloroplast ultrastructure of R. delavayi. However, the photosynthetic rate quickly recovered to the level before treatment when the plants were re-watered. De novo assembly of RNA-Seq data generated 86,855 unigenes with an average length of 1870 bp. A total of 22,728 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the control and drought plants. The expression of most DEGs related to photosynthesis were down-regulated during drought stress, and were up-regulated when the plants were re-watered, including the DEGs encoding subunits of light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex, photosystem II and photosystem I reaction center pigment-protein complexes, and photosynthetic electron transport. The expressions of many DEGs related to signal transduction, flavonoid biosynthesis and antioxidant activity were also significantly affected by drought stress. The results indicated that the response of R. delavayi to drought involved multiple physiological processes and metabolic pathways. Photosynthetic adjustment, ROS-scavenging system, abscisic acid and brassinosteroid signal transduction pathway may play important roles to improve drought tolerance of R. delavayi. Our findings provided valuable information for understanding the mechanisms of drought tolerance employed by Rhododendron species.

Application of gas cyclone-liquid jet absorption separator for purification of tail gas containing ammonia.

In this experiment, with stainless steel gas cyclone-liquid jet absorption separator as carrier, NH3 as experimental gas, and water and H3PO4 solution as absorbents, corresponding NH3 absorption rate change is obtained through the adjustment of experimental parameters, such as NH3 inlet concentration, inlet velocity of mixed gas, injection flow rate of absorbent, temperature of absorbent, and H3PO4 absorbent concentration. The NH3 absorption rate decreases with the increase in NH3 inlet concentration and inlet gas velocity. The NH3 absorption rate will increase first and then tends to remain unchanged after reaching a certain degree with the increase in liquid injection flow rate and absorbent concentration. The NH3 absorption rate will increase first and then decrease with the increase in the absorbent temperature. The maximum NH3 removal efficiencies of water and H3PO4 were 96% and 99%, respectively.

Clinical and Genetic Study of Children With Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome Identifies a High Frequency of STK11 De Novo Mutation.

OBJECTIVES: The present study aims to identify the genotype-phenotype correlation in children with Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS) through the analysis of STK11 gene mutations in the context of clinical and pathological characteristics. METHOD: In this observational cohort study, the clinical characteristics of 18 families diagnosed with pediatric PJS were collected. Genomic DNA from the peripheral blood of affected children and their family members was collected. The coding region of STK11 was amplified by PCR and screened for mutation by Sanger sequencing. The families that were negative for STK11 mutation were further assessed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). RESULT: Initial presentation in affected children was at 1.6 to 14.2 years and included anemia in 8 patients whereas 6 presented for screening by virtue of family history. All patients underwent endoscopy, colonoscopy, and polypectomy. Polyps were distributed throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the small intestine, stomach, colon, and rectum.In the 18 pediatric PJS families, STK11 mutations were detected in 8 families by Sanger sequencing, and large deletions were detected in 3 by MLPA, respectively. Nine of the 11 STK11 mutations were de novo, 3 were novel (c.419T>C:p.L140P, c.314T>G:p.L105X), and (c.488_489insACGG p.L164fs). CONCLUSIONS: Although the main clinical features of pediatric PJS were similar to those of PJS cases in adults, a high frequency of STK11 de novo mutations were encountered in our population of patients with PJS.

Observation on the efficacy and safety of Gukang capsule combinedwithsodium hyaluronate injection on the treatment of the patients with osteoarthritis / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the effect and safety of Gukang capsule combined with sodium hyaluronate injection on the treatment of the patients with osteoarthritis. Methods 94 osteoarthritis patients selected from December 2015 to March 2017 were randomly divided into study group (n=47) and control group (n=47). The control group were given sodium hyaluronate injection, the study group were received local injection of sodium hyaluronate combined with Gukang capsule. The changes of knee joint function (HSS scale score) and adverse reaction rate were recorded and compared before and after treatment in the two groups. Results Before treatment, there was no significant difference in HSS scores between the two groups. After treatment, the HSS score in the study group was significantly better than that in the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the adverse reactions between the 2 groups during the treatment. Conclusion Local injection of sodium hyaluronate combined with Gukang capsule on the treatment of osteoarthritis, which can significantly improve the clinical efficacy, the security is higher. .

Observation on the efficacy and safety of Gukang capsule combinedwithsodium hyaluronate injection on the treatment of the patients with osteoarthritis / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the effect and safety of Gukang capsule combined with sodium hyaluronate injection on the treatment of the patients with osteoarthritis. Methods 94 osteoarthritis patients selected from December 2015 to March 2017 were randomly divided into study group (n=47) and control group (n=47). The control group were given sodium hyaluronate injection, the study group were received local injection of sodium hyaluronate combined with Gukang capsule. The changes of knee joint function (HSS scale score) and adverse reaction rate were recorded and compared before and after treatment in the two groups. Results Before treatment, there was no significant difference in HSS scores between the two groups. After treatment, the HSS score in the study group was significantly better than that in the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the adverse reactions between the 2 groups during the treatment. Conclusion Local injection of sodium hyaluronate combined with Gukang capsule on the treatment of osteoarthritis, which can significantly improve the clinical efficacy, the security is higher. .

Outcomes of Laparoscopy Combined with Enhanced Recovery Pathway for Reversal of Hartmann's Procedure.

The objective of this study is to discuss the security and feasibility of the laparoscopic reversal of Hartmann's procedure (LRHP) on the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). The clinical data of 42 patients who underwent laparoscopic reversal of Hartmann's procedure was retrospectively analyzed, and the operative time, blood loss, intraoperative and postoperative complications, conversion to open surgery, postoperative hospital stay, and so on were observed. Twenty-nine patients (69.00 % of the study pool) received complete postoperative recovery courses as prescribed by enhanced recovery program (ERP). The postoperative length of stay (LOS) in the hospital was 5.6 (3-16 days). The overall and major (grades III to V) postoperative morbidities were 33.3 % (n = 14) and 4.8 % (n = 2), respectively. Our preliminary results showed that using the laparoscopic technology in reversal of Hartmann's colostomy on the concept of ERP is safe and feasible. Patients with intra- or postoperative complications were found to have statistically significant associations with greater risk of ERP failure.

Prevalence of symptomatic dry eye disease among Chinese college students with associated risk factors / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Abstract?AIM: To obtain the prevalence and risk factors of symptomatic dry eye disease ( SDED ) among college students in China.?METHODS:Population-based cross-sectional study. Students in Medical School of Lanzhou University were approached. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the prevalence of SDED and its risk factors. The diagnosis of SDED was based on reported symptoms and was established if the participants reported “often” or “all the time” once or more for 6-item questionnaire. Positive tests included a tear-film breakup time ( TBUT)≤10s and a fluorescein staining score ( FSS ) ≥1. Demographic information and possible factors that may contribute to SDED were analyzed in a step-wise multivariate logistic regression modelto assess risk factors of SDED.? RESULTS: There were 1139 participants ( 84. 37%response rate ) have completed the questionnaire, 475 males and 664 females aged 16-26y. The prevalence of SDED was 18. 70% [95% confidence interval ( CI)= 16. 59-20. 81]. A TBUT of ≤10s and a FSS≥1 were noted in 47. 67%(95% CI=44. 95-50. 57) and 13. 97%(95% CI=11. 95-15. 99) for all participants, respectively. The multivariate regression analysis revealed the following risk factors:daily reading time of≥4h(OR=1. 58,95% CI=1. 15-2. 18), daily computer use of≥4h ( OR= 1. 52, 95% CI= 1. 02-2. 25), and constant eyeglasses wearing (OR=1. 54,95%CI=1. 08-2. 13). The female gender, refractive surgery and contact lens ( CLs) wearing were not risk factors for SDED in this analysis.? CONCLUSION: The prevalence for SDED is high in Chinese college students. The risk factors include daily reading time of≥4h, daily computer use of≥4h and constant eyeglasses wearing.

Thalidomide Accelerates the Degradation of Extracellular Matrix in Rat Hepatic Cirrhosis via Down-Regulation of Transforming Growth Factor-beta1

PURPOSE: The degradation of the extracellular matrix has been shown to play an important role in the treatment of hepatic cirrhosis. In this study, the effect of thalidomide on the degradation of extracellular matrix was evaluated in a rat model of hepatic cirrhosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cirrhosis was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) three times weekly for 8 weeks. Then CCl4 was discontinued and thalidomide (100 mg/kg) or its vehicle was administered daily by gavage for 6 weeks. Serum hyaluronic acid, laminin, procollagen type III, and collagen type IV were examined by using a radioimmunoassay. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) protein in the liver, transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) protein in cytoplasm by using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis, and MMP-13, TIMP-1, and TGF-beta1 mRNA levels in the liver were studied using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Liver histopathology was significantly better in rats given thalidomide than in the untreated model group. The levels of TIMP-1 and TGF-beta1 mRNA and protein expressions were decreased significantly and MMP-13 mRNA and protein in the liver were significantly elevated in the thalidomide-treated group. CONCLUSION: Thalidomide may exert its effects on the regulation of MMP-13 and TIMP-1 via inhibition of the TGF-beta1 signaling pathway, which enhances the degradation of extracellular matrix and accelerates the regression of hepatic cirrhosis in rats.

A cross -sectional study on self -reported acute gastroenteritis in Hangzhou -Jiaxing -Huzhou area / 预防医学

Objective To understand epidemiological characteristics of self -reported acute gastroenteritis in Hangzhou -Jiaxing -Huzhou area in Zhejiang Province.Methods According to the population capacity,the household interview was conducted among families selected by multi stage sampling method from July 2010 to June 2011,and one person who was approaching birthday in every family was selected for investigation, including symptoms and treatment of acute gastroenteritis.Results Totally 9 548 people were investigated.The monthly prevalence of acute gastroenteritis among the surveyed population was 2.95% and the incidence was 0.39 per person year.It was estimated that there would be 5.875 6 million cases of acute gastroenteritis occurred during this year in the area.Logistic regression analysis showed that monthly prevalence in female was higher than in male.The monthly prevalence reached the high level in July and August.The monthly prevalence in preschool children was the highest.The monthly prevalence in rural population was higher than that in the urban population.Besides,the monthly prevalence in those of family number ≥3 was higher than that of family number less than 3.Totally,56.38% of the cases visited docter,and 54.67% of the cases took antibiotics;13.48%reported work absence and 2.13% reported school absence due to the illness.Conclusion The disease burden of acute gastroenteritis could be heavy in Hangzhou -Jiaxing -Huzhou area.Gender,education,season,residence and the size of family may have some effects on the occurrence of acute gastroenteritis.

An analysis of the current status of hospital emergency preparedness for infectious disease outbreaks in Beijing, China.

BACKGROUND: In the event of a large-scale infectious disease outbreak, hospitals will play a critical role. The objective of our study is to understand the current status of hospitals preparedness for infectious disease outbreaks in Beijing and to provide basic information for infectious disease prevention and control in hospitals. METHODS: One hundred fifty-two secondary and tertiary care hospitals in Beijing were surveyed by a standardized questionnaire. Data related to hospital demographic information and their emergency plans, laboratory diagnosis capacity, medical treatment procedures for infectious diseases, stockpiles of drugs and personal protective equipment, and staff training were collected. RESULTS: Responses were received from 134 (88.2%) of the 152 hospitals surveyed. Overall, hospitals reported that the number of physicians and nurses in infectious disease accounted for only 1.8% of the total physicians and 2.5% of the total nurses, and surgery beds accounted for 8.5% of all the fixed beds. Approximately 93.3% of the hospitals surveyed reported that they had an emergency plan, and none of those reported that their laboratories were able to isolate and identify all 8 kinds of common pathogens of infectious diseases: 22.4% of the hospitals had medical treatment procedures for all these infectious diseases, 23.1% had stored specific drugs for treatment, 2.2% had all personal protective equipment, and 30.6% reported that their health care staff had been trained in hospital emergency preparedness for infectious diseases. In general, emergency preparedness for infectious diseases in tertiary care hospitals was better than that in secondary care hospitals; the preparedness at general hospitals was better than that at specialized hospitals; and that at teaching hospitals was better than that at nonteaching hospitals. CONCLUSION: Emergency preparedness for infectious disease at hospitals in Beijing was in an early stage of development during this survey. Comprehensive measures should be developed and implemented to enhance their capacity for infectious disease emergency.

Advances in studies on absorption, distribution, metabolism of flavonoids / 中国中药杂志

Plenty of data and tests suggested that flavonoids have strong physiological and pharmacological activities. In this paper, the absorption, distribution and metabolism of flavonoids in gaster, gut and liver were introduced. The research of absorption, distribution and metabolism on flavonoids will provide theoretical basis for developing new drugs of flavoniods.

Development of wireless monitoring system for infant bed-wetting / 医疗卫生装备

For the purpose of monitoring real-time information of infant bed-wetting,this paper presents a medical digital wireless monitoring system with low-cost and high-performance. Its hardware is based on micro-controller,MSP430 ultra low-power and RF IC,nRF905 single wireless chip. With this wireless system,real-time information of infant bed-wetting can be monitored,and thus the nurses' work load can be reduced.

Design of digital medical engineering support system and its information system / 医疗卫生装备

In recent years,the mode of the support and service of medical engineering in hospitals is always a focus in the community of clinic engineering. Based on the characteristics of the medical engineering support and service in hospital,we propose a creative,digitalized medical engineering support system,and introduce the workflow of the support system as well as its fundamental parts and characteristics.

DETECTION OF FLAMMULIN WITH IMMUNOBLOT / 微生物学通报

Flammulin, an anti-tumor protein, was purified from the aqueous extract of basidiomes of Flammulina Velutipes. Purified flammulin emulsified with Freund's adjuvant was injected subcutaneously into New Zealand white rabbits. After several immune enhancements, these animals were bled and sera were separated. Antiserum against flammulin in Western blots were applied to determine if flammulin be present in the liquid state culture or fruiting body. The result showed that anti-flammulin serum could recognize the aqueous extract of fruiting body in SDS-PAGE gels under the reducing conditions, no flammulin was detected in mycelia of Flammulina Velutipes.

Development of ECG Simulation Training System Based on PC / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop a kind of system of simulation and training on ECG for studying ,training and assessing of biomedical engineer. Methods The simulation training system was designed based on PC. In the hardware system, ADuC848 SCM was adopted as the primary controller, QuickStart exploration platform was used to develop firmware, and intelligent assessing system was explored by C++ Builder. Results Biomedical Engineer could be trained, checked and evaluated by the system. Conclusion The system, combining practice and examination, pays attention to basic skill training and thus improves studying efficiency.