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4.
Insect Mol Biol ; 30(3): 297-314, 2021 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33455040

RESUMO

The hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone is fundamental for regulating moulting and metamorphosis in immature insects, and it plays a role in physiological regulation in adult insects. This hormone acts by binding and activating a receptor, the ecdysone receptor, which is part of the nuclear receptor gene superfamily. Here, we analyse the genome of the kissing bug Rhodnius prolixus to annotate the nuclear receptor superfamily genes. The R. prolixus genome displays a possible duplication of the HNF4 gene. All the analysed insect organs express most nuclear receptor genes as shown by RT-PCR. The quantitative PCR analysis showed that the RpEcR and RpUSP genes are highly expressed in the testis, while the RpHNF4-1 and RpHNF4-2 genes are more active in the fat body and ovaries and in the anterior midgut, respectively. Feeding does not induce detectable changes in the expression of these genes in the fat body. However, the expression of the RpHNF4-2 gene is always higher than that of RpHNF4-1. Treating adult females with 20-hydroxyecdysone increased the amount of triacylglycerol stored in the fat bodies by increasing their lipogenic capacity. These results indicate that 20-hydroxyecdysone acts on the lipid metabolism of adult insects, although the underlying mechanism is not clear.


Assuntos
Ecdisterona/metabolismo , Heterópteros/genética , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Família Multigênica , Receptores Citoplasmáticos e Nucleares/genética , Animais , Heterópteros/metabolismo , Anotação de Sequência Molecular , Receptores Citoplasmáticos e Nucleares/metabolismo
5.
Colorectal Dis ; 22(7): 756-767, 2020 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32065425

RESUMO

AIM: Transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) has attracted substantial interest amongst colorectal surgeons but its technical challenges may underlie the early reports of visceral injuries and oncological concerns. The aim of this study was to report on the feasibility, development and the outcome of the national pilot training initiative for TaTME-UK. METHODS: TaTME-UK was successfully launched in September 2017 in partnership with the healthcare industry and endorsed by the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland. This multi-modal training curriculum consisted of three phases: (i) set-up; (ii) selection of pilot sites; and (iii) formal proctorship programme. Bespoke Global Assessment Scoring (GAS) forms were designed and completed by both trainees and mentors. Data were collected on patient demographics, tumour characteristics and perioperative clinical and histological outcomes. RESULTS: Twenty-four proctored cases were performed by 10 colorectal surgeons from five selected pilot sites. Median operative time was 331 ± 90 (195-610) min which was reduced to 283 ± 62 (195-340) min in the final case. Independent performance (GAS score of 5) was achieved for most operative steps by case 5. There was one conversion (4.2%), but no visceral injuries. Pathological data confirmed no bowel perforation and intact quality of the mesorectal TME specimens with clear distal margin in all cases and circumferential margins in 23/24 cases (96%). CONCLUSION: This exploratory study demonstrates acceptable early outcomes in a small cohort suggesting that a competency-based multi-modal training programme for TaTME can be feasible and safe to implement at a national level.


Assuntos
Laparoscopia , Protectomia , Neoplasias Retais , Cirurgia Endoscópica Transanal , Humanos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Reto/cirurgia , Reino Unido
6.
J Chem Ecol ; 45(8): 708-714, 2019 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31313135

RESUMO

Plants are able to sense their environment and respond appropriately to different stimuli. Vibrational signals (VS) are one of the most widespread yet understudied ways of communication between organisms. Recent research into the perception of VS by plants showed that they are ecologically meaningful signals involved in different interactions of plants with biotic and abiotic agents. We studied changes in the concentration of alkaloids in tobacco plants induced by VS produced by Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a generalist caterpillar that naturally feeds on the plant. We measured the concentration of nicotine, nornicotine, anabasine and anatabine in four treatments applied to 11-weeks old tobacco plant: a) Co = undamaged plants, b) Eq = Playback equipment attached to the plant without VS, c) Ca = Plants attacked by P. operculella herbivory and d) Pl = playback of VS of P. operculella feeding on tobacco. We found that nicotine, the most abundant alkaloid, increased more than 2.6 times in the Ca and Pl treatments as compared with the Co and Eq treatments, which were similar between them. Nornicotine, anabasine and anatabine were mutually correlated and showed similar concentration patterns, being higher in the Eq treatment. Results are discussed in terms of the adaptive significance of plant responses to ecologically important VS stimuli.


Assuntos
Alcaloides/análise , Lepidópteros/fisiologia , Nicotiana/química , Alcaloides/metabolismo , Anabasina/análise , Animais , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Herbivoria , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Larva/fisiologia , Modelos Lineares , Nicotina/análogos & derivados , Nicotina/análise , Análise de Componente Principal , Piridinas/análise , Nicotiana/metabolismo , Nicotiana/parasitologia , Vibração
7.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 147: 159-170, 2019 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30824304

RESUMO

The present paper is a contribution to the first initiative of the Port Baseline Survey (PBS) for Non-indigenous species (NIS) in the Mediterranean Sea. It presents a report on the soft-bottom macrobenthos from the five Adriatic ports: Bari, Ancona (Italy), Koper (Slovenia), Pula, Rijeka (Croatia), with a focus on the presence and contribution of NIS to native assemblages. Out of 451 species identified, only four were common to all ports. A total of eight NIS were recorded, five in surveyed ports and three in the lagoon connected to the Port of Koper. The highest number of NIS was recorded in Bari, and the highest abundance in Ancona and Bari. Generally, the number, abundance and contribution of NIS seems too low to cause a substantial impact on native communities in surveyed ports. The suitability of methods adopted for PBS for soft-bottom NIS was discussed and suggestion for methodological improvement is provided.


Assuntos
Monitoramento Biológico/métodos , Espécies Introduzidas , Invertebrados , Animais , Organismos Aquáticos , Croácia , Ecossistema , Itália , Mar Mediterrâneo , Navios , Eslovênia , Inquéritos e Questionários
9.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 147: 150-158, 2019 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29274953

RESUMO

The intense shipping traffic characterising the Adriatic Sea favours the spread of marine organisms. Yet, a study of 12 Adriatic ports (4 on the western side and 8 on the eastern side of the basin) found that non-indigenous species (NIS) accounted for only 4% of the benthic communities settled on hard substrates. The cirripeds Amphibalanus amphitrite and Balanus trigonus, found in 8 harbours, were the most common invaders followed by Amphibalanus eburneus, the ascidian Styela plicata, and the bivalve Magallana gigas. The highest percentage of NIS was recorded in Venice and Ploce, the harbours with the least rich native communities; the lowest percentage was retrieved in Trieste, Koper, Pula, and Rijeka, the harbours hosting the highest species diversity. In contrast, the ports of Bari and Ancona showed both high NIS percentages and highly diversified communities.


Assuntos
Organismos Aquáticos , Espécies Introduzidas , Invertebrados , Navios , Animais , Monitoramento Biológico , Mar Mediterrâneo , Poríferos , Thoracica , Instalações de Transporte , Urocordados
10.
Surg Endosc ; 33(1): 103-109, 2019 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29967991

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Local excision of early rectal tumors as a rectal preserving treatment is gaining popularity, especially since bowel cancer screening programs result in a shift towards the diagnosis of early stage rectal cancers. However, unfavorable histological features predicting high risk for recurrence within the "big biopsy" may mandate completion total mesorectal excision (cTME). Completion surgery is associated with higher morbidity, poorer specimen quality, and less favorable oncological outcomes compared to primary TME. Transanal approach potentially improves outcome of completion surgery for rectal cancer. The aim of this study was to compare radical completion surgery after local excision for rectal cancer by the transanal approach (cTaTME) with conventional abdominal approach (cTME). METHODS: All consecutive patients who underwent cTaTME for rectal cancer between 2012 and 2017 were case-matched with cTME patients, according to gender, tumor height, preoperative radiotherapy, and tumor stage. Surgical, pathological, and short-term postoperative outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: In total, 25 patients underwent completion TaTME and were matched with 25 patients after cTME. Median time from local excision to completion surgery was 9 weeks in both groups. In the cTaTME and cTME groups, perforation of the rectum occurred in 4 and 28% of patients, respectively (p = 0.049), leading to poor specimen quality in these patients. Number of harvested lymph nodes was higher after cTaTME (median 15; range 7-47) than after cTME (median 10; range 0-17). No significant difference was found in end colostomy rate between the two groups. Major 30-day morbidity (Clavien-Dindo≥ III) was 20 and 32%, respectively (p = 0.321). Hospital stay was significantly longer after cTME. CONCLUSION: TaTME after full-thickness excision is a promising technique with a significantly lower risk of perforation of the rectum and better specimen quality compared to conventional completion TME.


Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Reto/cirurgia , Cirurgia Endoscópica Transanal/métodos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Estudos Prospectivos
11.
Transplant Proc ; 49(8): 1960-1962, 2017 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28923655

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Complicated diverticulitis after transplantation occurs in as many as 3.5% of cases and carries a 25% mortality rate. Diagnosis of complicated diverticulitis in this population can be challenging because of abnormal presentations caused by immunosuppression. Only 4 cases of fistulization after kidney transplantation are described in the literature; none occurred after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant. METHODS: We present a first case of a coloduodenovesical fistula in a patient 9 years after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant. The patient presented with intermittent episodes of elevated creatinine and recurrent urinary tract infection. The presence of fistula was strongly suspected in cystoscopy, but, despite extensive investigation, a fistula tract could not be identified. RESULTS: The patient ultimately underwent surgical exploration for positive cystoscopy examination, continuation of urinary complaints, and presence of multiple colonic diverticula in computed tomography scan. At surgical exploration, a fistula track was identified between the sigmoid colon and duodenal stump of the pancreas allograft. Subsequently, sigmoidectomy, bladder repair, and enteric conversion of the pancreas transplant were performed. CONCLUSIONS: Complications of diverticulitis should be considered in organ transplant recipients presenting with recurrent urinary infection and elevated creatinine, and surgical exploration might be indicated even if unable to well-define the fistula tract.


Assuntos
Diverticulite/etiologia , Fístula Intestinal/etiologia , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Pâncreas/efeitos adversos , Doenças do Colo Sigmoide/etiologia , Fístula da Bexiga Urinária/etiologia , Colo Sigmoide , Diverticulite/diagnóstico , Duodeno , Humanos , Fístula Intestinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Fístula da Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções Urinárias/etiologia
12.
Tech Coloproctol ; 21(6): 439-444, 2017 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28560481

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Urethral injury is a complication feared by surgeons performing transanal TME (TaTME) or abdominoperineal excision (APE) procedures. Injury during TaTME occurs when the prostate is inadvertently mobilised or as a direct injury similar to the direct injury during the perineal dissection of APE procedures. We performed a proof of principle study to assess the feasibility of using indocyanine green (ICG) to fluoresce the urethra in human cadavers. METHODS: Indocyanine green at varying doses was mixed with Instillagel and infiltrated into the urethra of male human cadavers. The urethra was exposed through either a perineal incision or by mobilisation of the prostate during a TaTME dissection and fluorescence observed using a PINPOINT laparoscope (NOVADAQ). Brightness was assessed on the images using ImageJ (National Institute of Health). RESULTS: Eight cadavers were included in the study. Fluorescence was visualised in the urethra in all eight cadavers. Minimal dissection was required to obtain fluorescence transperineally. In one cadaver, the urethra was demonstrated under fluorescence using a simulated TaTME with additional fluorescence also being observed in the prostate. There was no correlation between brightness and dosing. CONCLUSIONS: This novel proof of principle study demonstrates a simple way in which the urethra may be easily identified preventing it from injury during surgery.


Assuntos
Cuidados Intraoperatórios/métodos , Imagem Óptica/métodos , Cirurgia Endoscópica Transanal/métodos , Uretra/diagnóstico por imagem , Cadáver , Corantes , Dissecação/métodos , Estudos de Viabilidade , Humanos , Verde de Indocianina , Masculino , Períneo/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Próstata/cirurgia , Cirurgia Endoscópica Transanal/efeitos adversos , Uretra/cirurgia
13.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis ; 21(7): 790-796, 2017 07 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28633704

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the Brazilian cash transfer programme (Bolsa Família Programme, BFP) on tuberculosis (TB) incidence in Brazil from 2004 to 2012. DESIGN: We studied tuberculosis surveillance data using a combination of an ecological multiple-group and time-trend design covering 2458 Brazilian municipalities. The main independent variable was BFP coverage and the outcome was the TB incidence rate. All study variables were obtained from national databases. We used fixed-effects negative binomial models for panel data adjusted for selected covariates and a variable representing time. RESULTS: After controlling for covariates, TB incidence rates were significantly reduced in municipalities with high BFP coverage compared with those with low and intermediate coverage (in a model with a time variable incidence rate ratio = 0.96, 95%CI 0.93-0.99). CONCLUSION: This was the first evidence of a statistically significant association between the increase in cash transfer programme coverage and a reduction in TB incidence rate. Our findings provide support for social protection interventions for tackling TB worldwide.


Assuntos
Modelos Estatísticos , Assistência Pública , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cidades , Humanos , Incidência , Vigilância da População , Pobreza , Fatores de Tempo , Tuberculose/prevenção & controle
14.
Colorectal Dis ; 19(5): 476-484, 2017 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27647728

RESUMO

AIM: Transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) has become one of the most promising technical advancements in the surgical treatment of rectal cancer, with rising numbers of surgeons seeking training. We describe our experience with human cadaveric courses for taTME delivered in two countries. METHOD: Four fresh human cadaveric workshops conducted in Oxford, UK, in 2015 and two in Chicago, USA, in 2013-2014, trained a total of 52 surgeons. Parameters of operative performance for each delegate were recorded. Previous surgical experience and uptake of taTME in the surgeons' clinical setting were surveyed. RESULTS: Forty-seven taTME cases were performed on cadaveric models. Participating surgeons had previous experience in laparoscopic TME surgery and transanal approaches but limited taTME exposure. The purse-string remained occluded throughout in 93% of UK and 60% of US cases. Operative timings for key procedural steps were similar between the two countries with a mean time from start of circumferential dissection to peritoneal entry of 79.5 min (range 25-155). 96% of surgeons dissected transanally to a level S2 or above. The TME specimen quality was complete or near complete in 81%, with improvements noted between the first and second procedure performed. 81% of surgeons surveyed are currently performing taTME in their local hospitals. CONCLUSION: Fresh-frozen cadavers provide excellent teaching models for complex pelvic surgery. A structured training curriculum including reading material, dry-lab purse-string practice and postcourse mentorship will provide surgeons with a more complete training package and ongoing support, to ultimately ensure the safe introduction of taTME in the clinical setting.


Assuntos
Canal Anal/cirurgia , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Reto/cirurgia , Ensino , Cirurgia Endoscópica Transanal/educação , Adulto , Cadáver , Dissecação/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Laparoscopia/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Duração da Cirurgia , Pelve/cirurgia , Peritônio/cirurgia , Cirurgia Endoscópica Transanal/métodos , Reino Unido , Estados Unidos
15.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 109(1): 110-116, 2016 Aug 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27289288

RESUMO

This research provides first information about Posidonia oceanica canopy in the area affected by Costa Concordia wreck. Percentage cover of algal and animal taxa on the leaves was estimated and biotic features of the meadow were measured in the period just after the shipwreck until its removal from the impacted site. Changes in epiphytic assemblages and some biotic features were detected in the Disturbed site compared with Control ones, highlighting effects due to the wreck presence and activities related to its removal. A temporary decrease of encrusting macroalgae and an increase of erected macroalgae and foraminifers, as well as a temporary increase of tip erosion of the canopy were detected in the Disturbed site. The obtained results were discussed and hypotheses about possible synergic effects occurred near the wreck were commented.


Assuntos
Alismatales/fisiologia , Alga Marinha/fisiologia , Acidentes , Animais , Ecossistema , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Itália , Mar Mediterrâneo , Folhas de Planta/fisiologia , Navios , Urocordados , Poluição da Água
16.
Colorectal Dis ; 18(12): 1154-1161, 2016 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27218423

RESUMO

AIM: Transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) offers a promising alternative to the standard surgical abdominopelvic approach for rectal cancer. The aim of this study was to report a two-centre experience of this technique, focusing on the short-term and oncological outcome. METHOD: From May 2013 to May 2015, 40 selected patients with histologically proven rectal adenocarcinoma underwent TaTME in two institutions and were prospectively entered on an online international registry. RESULTS: Forty patients (80% men, mean body mass index 27.4 kg/m2 ) requiring TME underwent TaTME. Procedures included low anterior resection (n = 31), abdominoperineal excision (n = 7) and proctocolectomy (n = 2). A minimally invasive approach was attempted in all cases, with three conversions. The mean operation time was 368 min and 16 patients (40%) had a synchronous abdominal and transanal approach. There was no mortality and 16 postoperative complications occurred, of which 68.8% were minor. The median length of stay was 7.5 (3-92) days. A complete or near-complete TME specimen was delivered in 39 (97.5%) cases with a mean number of 20 lymph nodes harvested. R0 resection was achieved in 38 (95%) patients. After a median follow-up of 10.7 months, there were no local recurrences and six (15%) patients had developed distant metastases. CONCLUSION: TaTME appears to be feasible, safe and reproducible, without compromising the oncological principles of rectal cancer surgery. It is an attractive option for patients for whom laparoscopy is likely to be particularly difficult. These encouraging results should encourage larger studies with assessment of long-term function and the oncological outcome.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Cirurgia Endoscópica Transanal/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Conversão para Cirurgia Aberta/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Duração da Cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Reto/cirurgia , Cirurgia Endoscópica Transanal/efeitos adversos , Cirurgia Endoscópica Transanal/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento
18.
Tech Coloproctol ; 20(3): 185-91, 2016 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26754653

RESUMO

Transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) is a novel approach pioneered to tackle the challenges posed by difficult pelvic dissections in rectal cancer and the restrictions in angulation of currently available laparoscopic staplers. To date, four techniques can be employed in order to create the colorectal/coloanal anastomosis following TaTME. We present a technical note describing these techniques and discuss the risks and benefits of each.


Assuntos
Canal Anal/cirurgia , Anastomose Cirúrgica/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Dissecação/métodos , Humanos , Laparoscopia/métodos , Reto/cirurgia
19.
Colorectal Dis ; 18(1): 19-36, 2016 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26466751

RESUMO

AIM: The surgical technique used for transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) was reviewed including the oncological quality of resection and the peri-operative outcome. METHOD: A literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, Science Citation Index Expanded and Cochrane was performed in order to identify studies reporting on TaTME. RESULTS: Thirty-six studies (eight case reports, 24 case series and four comparative studies) were identified, reporting 510 patients who underwent TaTME. The mean age ranged from 43 to 80 years and the mean body mass index from 21.7 to 31.8 kg/m(2) . The mean distance of the tumour from the anal verge ranged from 4 to 9.7 cm. The mean operation time ranged from 143 to 450 min and mean operative blood loss from 22 to 225 ml. The ratio of hand-sewn coloanal to stapled anastomoses performed was 2:1. One death was reported and the peri-operative morbidity rate was 35%. The anastomotic leakage rate was 6.1% and the reoperation rate was 3.7%. The mean hospital stay ranged from 4.3 to 16.6 days. The mesorectal excision was described as complete in 88% cases, nearly complete in 6% and incomplete in 6%. The circumferential resection margin was negative in 95% of cases and the distal resection margin was negative in 99.7%. CONCLUSION: TaTME is a feasible and reproducible technique, with good quality of oncological resection. Standardization of the technique is required with formal training. Clear indications for this procedure need to be defined and its safety further assessed in future trials.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Peritônio/cirurgia , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Reto/cirurgia , Cirurgia Endoscópica Transanal/métodos , Anastomose Cirúrgica/métodos , Fístula Anastomótica/epidemiologia , Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica , Humanos , Duração da Cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Cirurgia Endoscópica Transanal/tendências
20.
Soft Matter ; 11(26): 5192-203, 2015 Jul 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25920450

RESUMO

The association of proteins and peptides with inorganic material has vast technological potential. An understanding of the adsorption of peptides at liquid/solid interfaces on a molecular-level is fundamental to fully realising this potential. Combining our prior work along with the statistical analysis of 100+ molecular dynamics simulations of adsorption of an experimentally identified graphite binding peptide, GrBP5, at the water/graphite interface has been used here to propose a model for the adsorption of a peptide at a liquid/solid interface. This bottom-up model splits the adsorption process into three reversible phases: biased diffusion, anchoring and lockdown. Statistical analysis highlighted the distinct roles played by regions of the peptide studied here throughout the adsorption process: the hydrophobic domain plays a significant role in the biased diffusion and anchoring phases suggesting that the initial impetus for association between the peptide and the interface may be hydrophobic in origin; aromatic residues dominate the interaction between the peptide and the surface in the adsorbed state and the polar region in the middle of the peptide affords a high conformational flexibility allowing strongly interacting residues to maximise favourable interactions with the surface. Reversible adsorption was observed here, unlike in our prior work focused on a more strongly interacting surface. However, this reversibility is unlikely to be seen once the peptide-surface interaction exceeds 10 kcal mol(-1).


Assuntos
Grafite/química , Peptídeos/química , Água/química , Adsorção , Difusão , Ligação de Hidrogênio , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Conformação Proteica , Propriedades de Superfície , Termodinâmica
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