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1.
Ginecol. obstet. Méx ; 90(3): 279-286, ene. 2022. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385022

RESUMO

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: La displasia mesenquimal placentaria es una anomalía de la vasculatura y del tejido conectivo placentario que altera la estructura y la función de las vellosidades, se asocia con un desenlace perinatal adverso. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 21 años, primigesta, con 15.2 semanas de embarazo establecidas por fetometría, con placenta corporal anterior, de morfología anormal, con múltiples imágenes hipoecogénicas que semejan racimos de uvas, sin flujo vascular en el Doppler color. La valoración ecográfica de las 33 semanas reportó fetometría para 27.2 semanas, anhidramnios y placentomagelia, con alteración en los parámetros de la flujometría Doppler. En la prueba sin estrés se diagnosticó restricción del crecimiento intrauterino estadio IV. La imagen del feto fue heterogénea en el flanco derecho de 4.7 x 4.1 cm. El embarazo finalizó por cesárea con una recién nacida con Apgar 8-9, de 930 gramos, placenta agrandada con vellosidades hidrópicas. El estudio histopatológico reportó: displasia mesenquimal placentaria. La resección del tumor abdominal fue electiva, por vía laparoscópica, al cuarto mes de vida, con diagnóstico histopatológico de hamartoma mesenquimal hepático. CONCLUSIÓN: La displasia mesenquimal placentaria es una anomalía placentaria benigna, relacionada con restricción del crecimiento intrauterino de inicio temprano que puede evolucionar, incluso, a la muerte del feto por hipoxia crónica debido a las anomalías en la vasculatura microscópica que afectan el desarrollo de las vellosidades terminales e interfiere en el intercambio de gases, nutrientes y electrolitos en el espacio intervelloso.


Abstract BACKGROUND: Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is an anomaly of the vasculature and placental connective tissue which alters the structure and function of the villi, being associated with an adverse perinatal outcome. CLINICAL CASE: Patient 21 years old, primigestation, with 15.2 weeks of pregnancy established by fetometry, with anterior body placenta, abnormal morphology, with multiple hypoechogenic images resembling clusters of grapes, without vascular flow in color Doppler. Ultrasound evaluation at 33 weeks, reporting fetometry for 27.2 weeks, anhydramnios and placentomagelia, with alteration in Doppler parameters, as well as in a non-stress test diagnosing fetal growth restriction stage IV. Fetus with heterogeneous image on the right flank of 4.7 x 4.1 cm. Abdominal pregnancy interruption was decided, obtaining a live female newborn, Apgar 8/9, weight 930 grams, enlarged placenta with hydropic villi. The histopathology study reports placental mesenchymal dysplasia. Abdominal tumor resection was performed electively by laparoscopy at 4 months of age with a histopathological diagnosis of hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma. CONCLUSION: Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is a benign placental anomaly, related to early-onset intrauterine growth restriction that can even progress to fetal death by chronic hypoxia due to abnormalities in the microscopic vasculature that affect the development of the terminal villi and interfere with the exchange of gases, nutrients and electrolytes in the intervillous space.

2.
Ginecol. obstet. Méx ; 89(11): 865-874, ene. 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1375547

RESUMO

Resumen OBJETIVO: Determinar si la administración de un tratamiento acortado, menor de 8 h, con sulfato de magnesio durante el puerperio es efectivo para prevenir eclampsia y conseguir algunas otras ventajas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de serie de casos, retrospectivo, transversal y comparativo efectuado en el Hospital Regional Materno Infantil de Nuevo León, México, de febrero de 2019 a enero de 2020. Criterios de inclusión: pacientes con embarazo único complicado con preeclampsia con datos de severidad o hipertensión crónica con preeclampsia severa sobreagregada a quienes se administró sulfato de magnesio como profilaxis para eclampsia antes del nacimiento y que, posteriormente, continuaron su administración en el puerperio. Las pacientes se dividieron en dos grupos según las horas que recibieron sulfato de magnesio durante el puerperio: grupo A: tratamiento acortado menor de 8 h y grupo B: con esquema de más de 8 h. Para comparar proporciones se utilizó la prueba de χ2. Se consideró con significación estadística el valor de p ≤ 0.05. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 379 participantes: 76 en el grupo A y 303 en el B. No se registró ningún caso de eclampsia en ambos grupos. Las horas para iniciar la lactancia, deambulación, permanencia de la sonda Foley y en cuidados intensivos fueron significativamente menores en el grupo de tratamiento acortado (14.1 vs 26.06; p =.000), (15.1 vs 26.24; p = .000), (14.5 vs 25.3; p = 000), (13.8 vs 23.1; p = .000), respectivamente. No se observó diferencia en las complicaciones neonatales. CONCLUSIÓN: La administración de un tratamiento acortado de sulfato de magnesio durante el puerperio es igual de efectivo que un tratamiento mayor de 8 h para prevención de eclampsia.


Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the administration of a shortened treatment of less than 8 h with magnesium sulfate during the puerperium is effective to prevent eclampsia and to achieve some other advantages. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective, cross-sectional, comparative, retrospective, case series study performed at the Hospital Regional Materno Infantil of Nuevo León, Mexico, from February 2019 to January 2020. Inclusion criteria: patients with singleton pregnancy complicated with preeclampsia with data of severity or chronic hypertension with severe over-added preeclampsia who were administered magnesium sulfate as prophylaxis for eclampsia before birth and subsequently continued its administration in the puerperium. The patients were divided into two groups according to the hours that they received magnesium sulfate during the puerperium: group A: shortened treatment of less than 8 h and group B: with a schedule of more than 8 h. The proportions were compared by using the test for the proportion of patients who received magnesium sulfate during the puerperium. To compare proportions, we used the . A value of p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: 379 participants were analyzed: 76 in group A and 303 in group B. No cases of eclampsia were recorded in both groups. Hours to initiate breastfeeding, ambulation, Foley tube stay and intensive care were significantly lower in the shortened treatment group (14.1 vs 26.06; p = .000), (15.1 vs 26.24; p = .000), (14.5 vs 25.3; p = 000), (13.8 vs 23.1; p = .000), respectively. No difference in neonatal complications was observed. CONCLUSION: Administration of a shortened course of magnesium sulfate during the puerperium is as effective as a longer course of 8 h for prevention of eclampsia.

3.
Ginecol. obstet. Méx ; 88(9): 606-614, ene. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1346237

RESUMO

Resumen: OBJETIVO: Clasificar la morbilidad materna extrema conforme a los indicadores propuestos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud y establecer su prevalencia en un hospital de segundo nivel del Norte de México. Además, describir las intervenciones médico-quirúrgicas efectuadas para evitar la muerte materna. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, transversal y retrospectivo de una serie de casos de morbilidad materna extrema (atendidos entre enero de 2015 y diciembre de 2018) que reunieron las condiciones potencialmente mortales definidas por la OMS. La información se obtuvo del expediente electrónico. El análisis estadístico descriptivo se llevó a cabo con medidas de tendencia central. RESULTADOS: Se registraron 59,481 nacidos vivos, y entre ellos 2792 casos que reunieron los criterios de inclusión de morbilidad materna extrema. Se eliminaron 86 casos por información incompleta en el expediente. Se analizaron 2706 casos de morbilidad materna extrema que representan una prevalencia de 4.5%, con razón de morbilidad materna extrema de 45.49 por cada 1000 nacidos vivos. Se registraron 4 casos de muerte materna, que representaron una razón de muerte materna de 6.7 por cada 100,000 nacidos vivos. CONCLUSIÓN: La prevalencia de morbilidad materna extrema fue menor a la reportada en países de Latinoamérica y mayor a la de países desarrollados. Se observa una tendencia al alza en la frecuencia de morbilidad materna extrema donde los trastornos hipertensivos constituyen la causa potencialmente mortal más relacionada y la sepsis con el mayor índice de mortalidad.


Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To classify extreme maternal morbidity according to the indicators proposed by the World Health Organization and to establish its prevalence in a second level hospital in northern Mexico. In addition, describe the medical-surgical interventions carried out to prevent maternal death. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study of a series of cases of extreme maternal morbidity (treated between January 2015 and December 2018) that met the life-threatening conditions defined by the WHO. The information was obtained from the electronic file. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out using central tendency measures. RESULTS: There were 59,481 live births, including 2792 cases that met the inclusion criteria for extreme maternal morbidity. Eighty-six cases were eliminated due to incomplete information in the file. A total of 2706 cases of extreme maternal morbidity were analyzed, representing a prevalence of 4.5%, with an extreme maternal morbidity ratio of 45.49 per 1000 live births. Four cases of maternal death were recorded, representing a maternal death ratio of 6.7 per 100,000 live births. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of extreme maternal morbidity was lower than reported in Latin American countries and higher than in developed countries. There is an upward trend in the frequency of extreme maternal morbidity where hypertensive disorders are the most related life-threatening cause and sepsis has the highest mortality rate.

4.
Hum Vaccin Immunother ; 13(1): 128-135, 2017 01 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27686182

RESUMO

Immunization with the tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap) vaccine raises controversies on immunogenicity and possible antibody interference. We performed an experimental, double-blind, parallel group controlled clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the Tdap vaccine in 204 pregnant women and their children and to determine its interference in antibody production. Pregnant women 18 to 38 y of age with 12 to 24 weeks gestation, a low obstetric risk, and without serious disease were randomly selected. The experimental group received 0.5 mL IM of Tdap and the control group normal saline. Six blood samples were drawn before and after solution application, and from the umbilical cord of the infants and at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Pertactin and Pertussis toxin antibodies and possible interference of maternal antibodies with the vaccine were determined. In the experimental group, antibodies against Bordetella pertussis pertactin (anti-PRN) (112 E/mL 95% CI 89.9-139.9) and antibodies against pertussis toxin (anti-PT) (24.0 E/mL, 95% CI 18.3-31.4) were elevated in the mother before vaccination. These were higher in the umbilical cord and descended in the infant at 2 months (71.4 (95% CI 56.8-89.7 and 10.9; 95% CI 8.7-13.7, respectively). Anti-PT showed a delay in production. Tdap safety was confirmed with only mild local pain at 24 and 48 hours. Anti-PRN and anti-PT antibodies in the infant descend at 2 months of age. There is a delay in anti-PT in children of immunized mothers. Further studies are needed to elucidate its clinical significance.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche Acelular/efeitos adversos , Vacinas contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche Acelular/imunologia , Difteria/prevenção & controle , Tétano/prevenção & controle , Coqueluche/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Vacinas contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche Acelular/administração & dosagem , Método Duplo-Cego , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Injeções Intramusculares , México , Gravidez , Adulto Jovem
5.
J Perinat Med ; 42(5): 649-54, 2014 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24572974

RESUMO

AIMS: To assess placental transfer of antibodies to the child at birth and at 2 months of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the quantification of anti-PT IgG antibodies, we used an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay standardized by The National Institute of Epidemiologic Diagnosis and Reference (InDRE). Samples were considered negative from 0 to 48 IU/mL, indeterminate from 49 to 93 IU/mL and positive at ≥94 IU/mL. We performed a cross-sectional assessment of anti-PT IgG antibody levels in the mother, umbilical cord, and child. RESULTS: There was a higher concentration of IgG anti-TP in the umbilical cord (4.3%) and in the mother (1.4%), but a total absence was observed in the child (0%). CONCLUSION: The vulnerability of children to Bordetella pertussis shows the need to implement effective immunization strategies, whether actively, in the child, or passively through the mother, adolescents, and adults who are in contact with the child.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Bordetella pertussis/imunologia , Imunidade Materno-Adquirida , Gravidez/imunologia , Coqueluche/imunologia , Coqueluche/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/imunologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , México , Adulto Jovem
6.
Ginecol. obstet. Méx ; 69(1): 6-11, ene. 2001. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-303192

RESUMO

Objetivo. La preeclampsia y eclampsia, son la principal causa de mortalidad materna. En el estado de Nuevo León de 1990 a 1998, estas patologías representaron 44.1 por ciento. La presencia de sustancias con actividad trombogénica en la sangre materna (homocisteína, proteína C y anticuerpos anticardiolipina) han sido relacionadas. El polimorfismo C677T de la enzima metilentetrahidrofolatorreductasa (MTHFR) favorece la elevación de la homocisteína, la suplementación con ácido fólico (AF) disminuye sus niveles. Se pretende establecer el papel que el AF tiene en la fisiopatología de la preeclampsia en nuestro medio. Tipo de estudio. Longitudinal, prospectivo y comparativo. Materiales y métodos. Casos: mujeres con preeclampsia severa y/o eclampsia (n=13). Controles: mujeres con embarazo normoevolutivo en el tercer trimestre (n=15). Se tomaron 20 mL de sangre en las primeras 24 horas del puerperio midiendo AF, homocisteína y polimorfismo de la MTHFR. Para comparaciones entre ambos grupos se utilizó la preba de t de Student y exacta de Fisher. Resultados. Los valores de homocisteína fueron (xñDE): Casos 9.85 micromol/L ñ 2.88 y controles 7.61 micromol/L ñ 1.32 (p<0.04). La frecuencia ( por ciento) del polimorfismo genético de la MTHFR fue: homocigotas positivas (T/T): 38.46 vs 20, heterocigotas (C/T): 38.46 vs 26.6, homocigotas negativas (C/C): 23 vs 53, para casos y controles respectivamente. Conclusiones. En nuestro estudio el estado homocigoto (T/T) de la MTHFR y los valores elevados de homocisteína en sangre son más frecuentes en mujeres con preeclampsia.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Gravidez , Ácido Fólico/análise , Eclampsia , Homocisteína , Pré-Eclâmpsia , Polimorfismo Genético
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