STATUS OF THE AMERICAN TEGUMENTARY LEISHMANIASIS IN THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO , BRAZIL, FROM 2004 TO 2013.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the status of the American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, from 2004 to 2013, through its spatiotemporal distribution. We also described variables considered relevant to the epidemiology of the disease, such as the clinical form, gender, ethnic group, age group, and progression of disease. This is a descriptive study, which used notified secondary data from the Brazilian Information System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN), Ministry of Health, Brazil, regarding confirmed diagnoses. To help the calculation of coefficients of detection and mortality, we used population data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). We analyzed 1,470 cases of ATL with the predominance of the cutaneous clinical form (1,292/87.89%). The data has also revealed seven deaths, a predominance of males (922/62.72%), and a higher incidence of ATL in the white ethnic group (731/49.72%). We observed a high incidence of ATL in the group of 20 - 39 years old (477/32.44%). We concluded that there was a decrease in the number of ATL cases in the state of Rio de Janeiro, based on a coefficient of detection of 1.44/100.000 inhabitants in 2004 decreasing to 0.20/100.000 inhabitants in 2013. The localities with the highest occurrences of ATL were the metropolitan region (843 cases) and the municipality of Rio de Janeiro (740 cases). In 2005, the highest incidence of the disease was observed (351 cases) in the study. Among the variables selected to describe the epidemiology of the disease, the following categories: cutaneous clinical form, male patients, white ethnic group, and the age group of 20 - 39 years old were more affected than the others.

Avaliação in vitro de carrapaticidas no controle de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887), no norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / In vitro analyses of acaricides in control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887), in the northern region of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Background: Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887) traditionally known as cattle tick, is the species that most affects cattle productivity levels in Brazil. The parasite causes annual losses up to US$ 2 billion. Despite several researches carried out all over the globe, it still presents great challenge, especially due to evidence of resistance to chemical products used in plague control. The goal of this project was to verify in vitro efficiency of pesticides in controlling R. (B.) microplus, at Campos dos Goytacazes municipality, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2007. Materials, Methods & Results: The in vitro test used was the one recommended by FAO's (Food and Agriculture Organization) World Acaricides Resistance Reference Center (WARRC). Engorged females were manually collected off the ground from stalls and separated in two treatments, amitraz 12.5% (commercial dilution 1:500 = 2 mL/1000 mL) and cypermethrin 15% (commercial dilution 1:1000 = 1 mL/1000 mL), each one with six groups of ten parasites. A different solution - 1:10, 1:100, 1:1000, 1:100000 and 1:1000000 - for both acaricides tested was used on each group, and for control was used potable water. The test was started from the highest dilution. Each dilution was repeated three times simultaneously. Recommended dilutions in the research were in the protocol. Each group of engorged females was weighted in analytical precision scale with equivalence in measurement of weights and, further, transferred to a Becker, containing 50 mL of the solution to be tested, previously prepared. The Becker was kept in constant agitation for five min. Afterwards, the engorged females were put upon towel paper (15 cm²) in order to remove excess of the product, being then transferred to Petri plates (100 mm x 20 mm height), identified and taken to a BOD incubator at 28°C (± 1) and 80% humidity. After oviposition, the number of eggs laid by each group were weighted and inserted in previously adapted plastic syringes, identified and taken again to the same incubator. We conducted the reading of the eggs hatching percentage after 30 days, with a stereoscopic microscope, using as reference the hatching observed in the control group that was kept on a different incubator. The reproduction efficiency (RE) was calculated using the equation; RE = eggs' weight/female's weight x % hatching x 20.000. The control percentage was calculated following the equation, considering the arithmetic mean of three repetitions: % control = RE (non-treated) - RE (treated)/RE non-treated x 100. We obtained as results after a 30 days analysis, a mean percentage of total efficiency of 96.60% for amitraz 12.5% and of 98.00% for cypermethrin 15% in the control of eggs hatching. Discussion: The amitraz 12.5% and the cypermethrin 15% presented excellent results in controlling wild strains of R. (B.) microplus that attacks cattle at Campos dos Goytacazes municipality, Rio de Janeiro, agreeing with FAO's WARRC and the Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA), which established a legally accepted efficacy for acaricides being equal or superior to 80.00% and 95.00%, respectively, over tick strains. Hence the importance of this pioneer project in the region and its contribution to the subject extension.

Verificação da eficiência do teste Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa), no diagnóstico para a detecção de anticorpos de Leishmania Sp., em cães errantes do município de Campos dos Goytacazes, estado do Rio de Janeiro, no período de 2000 a 2011 / Verification of the eficiency of Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa) test, in the diagnostic for the detectation of antibodies of Leishmania sp., inwandering dogs of the municipal district Campos dos Goytacazes, state of the Rio de Janeiro, on period from 2000 to 2011

Realizou-se estudo soroepidemiológico sobre Leishmaniose, zoonose de grande importância, envolvendo população canina de rua, pertencente ao município de Campos dos Goytacazes, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, considerando a ocorrência de um caso humano no ano de 2000. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de observar a eficiência do teste “Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay” (ELISA), para detecção de anticorpos contra Leishmania sp. em cães. Inicialmente coletou-se 5 ml de sangue da veia ulnar, para obtenção do soro, de 370 cães errantes, no período de 2000 a 2001, capturados pelo Centro de Controle de Zoonoses e Vigilância Ambiental (CCZ) do município de Campos dos Goytacazes. Dos cães pesquisados 13 (3,50%) amostras foram positivas e 357 (96,50%) foram negativas. O teste sorológico ELISA para Leishmaniose Canina, além de ser eficiente na detecção de anticorpos anti-Leishmania sp., é um bom teste para ser utilizado a campo em triagens soroepidemiológicas(campanhas de vacinação anti-rábica), devido à sua praticidade e baixo custo. O município de Campos dos Goytacazes, devido à ocorrência de um caso humano, passa então a ser considerado área endêmica para Leishmaniose(AU)

It was performed a seroepidemiological study about Leishmaniosis, a great important zoonosis, involving street canine population from Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil, considering the occurrence of a human case in 2000. This research was developed with the aim of observing the efficiency of “Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay” test (ELISA), for detection of antibodies against Leishmania sp. in dogs. Firstly, 5 ml of blood of ulnar vein was collected to obtain serum from 370 errant dogs caughtby Centro de Controle de Zoonoses (CCZ), in Campos dos Goytacazes on period from 2000 to 2001.Of the studied dogs, 13 (3.50%) samples were positive and 357 (96.50%) negative. The serological test ELISA for Canine Leishmaniosis, besides being efficient for detecting antibodies anti-Leishmania sp.,is a good test to be used for seroepidemiological field selections (campaigns of antirabic vaccination), due to his practicity and low cost. Campos dos Goytacazes country it supposes to be and endemic area for Leishmaniosis due to the occurrence of one case in a human being case(AU)

Verificação da eficiência do teste Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa), no diagnóstico para a detecção de anticorpos de Leishmania Sp., em cães errantes do município de Campos dos Goytacazes, estado do Rio de Janeiro, no período de 2000 a 2011 / Verification of the eficiency of Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa) test, in the diagnostic for the detectation of antibodies of Leishmania sp., inwandering dogs of the municipal district Campos dos Goytacazes, state of the Rio de Janeiro, on period from 2000 to 2011

Realizou-se estudo soroepidemiológico sobre Leishmaniose, zoonose de grande importância, envolvendo população canina de rua, pertencente ao município de Campos dos Goytacazes, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, considerando a ocorrência de um caso humano no ano de 2000. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de observar a eficiência do teste “Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay” (ELISA), para detecção de anticorpos contra Leishmania sp. em cães. Inicialmente coletou-se 5 ml de sangue da veia ulnar, para obtenção do soro, de 370 cães errantes, no período de 2000 a 2001, capturados pelo Centro de Controle de Zoonoses e Vigilância Ambiental (CCZ) do município de Campos dos Goytacazes. Dos cães pesquisados 13 (3,50%) amostras foram positivas e 357 (96,50%) foram negativas. O teste sorológico ELISA para Leishmaniose Canina, além de ser eficiente na detecção de anticorpos anti-Leishmania sp., é um bom teste para ser utilizado a campo em triagens soroepidemiológicas(campanhas de vacinação anti-rábica), devido à sua praticidade e baixo custo. O município de Campos dos Goytacazes, devido à ocorrência de um caso humano, passa então a ser considerado área endêmica para Leishmaniose

It was performed a seroepidemiological study about Leishmaniosis, a great important zoonosis, involving street canine population from Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil, considering the occurrence of a human case in 2000. This research was developed with the aim of observing the efficiency of “Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay” test (ELISA), for detection of antibodies against Leishmania sp. in dogs. Firstly, 5 ml of blood of ulnar vein was collected to obtain serum from 370 errant dogs caughtby Centro de Controle de Zoonoses (CCZ), in Campos dos Goytacazes on period from 2000 to 2001.Of the studied dogs, 13 (3.50%) samples were positive and 357 (96.50%) negative. The serological test ELISA for Canine Leishmaniosis, besides being efficient for detecting antibodies anti-Leishmania sp.,is a good test to be used for seroepidemiological field selections (campaigns of antirabic vaccination), due to his practicity and low cost. Campos dos Goytacazes country it supposes to be and endemic area for Leishmaniosis due to the occurrence of one case in a human being case

Adequação da base química Nitenpyram no tratamento de diferentes estágios larvaras de miíases em cães domiciliados do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, com vistas a observação de sua eficácia e praticidade / Adaptation of Nitenpyram chemical base for the treatment at different phases miiasis larvae in housed dogs from Rio de Janeiro Atate, in regard to its efectiveness and practicity

Sabendo-se da importância das miíases como um fator complicante das lesões cutâneas, e por apresentarem elevada incidência no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, idealizou-se testar a eficácia, praticidade e segurança de uma base química, conhecida como nitenpyram, no tratamento dessas ectoparasitoses. O nitenpyram é um farmáco utilizado como adulticida para pulgas, e neste trabalho buscou-se sua adaptação em 27 cães domiciliados que apresentavam miíases, com diferentes graus de parasitismo. Como resultado obteve-se 100% de eficácia da eliminação larval, independente da quantidade e do estágio, inclusive tendo uma resposta inicial rápida, com 88,9% dos cães com lesões livres em até 24 horas após a primeira dosagem. A exteriorização das larvas ocorreu por si só, sem manipulação, e em período médio de 20 a 37 minutos após a dosificação. O fármaco mostrou-se excelente, sem quaisquer efeitos colaterais e prático, uma vez que sua administração é oral e dispensa a retirada manual das larvas, forma essa dolorosa, pois, às vezes, é preciso que o animal esteja anestesiado. Os cães tratados apresentaram uma cicatrização mais rápida das lesões(AU)

Nitenpyram, a chemical drug for an ectoparasitosis treatment. For testing its effectiveness, practicity and safety an attempt was performed regards to the importance of miiasis as cutaneous injuries resultant factor, as well as for presenting high inicidence in Rio de Janeiro state. Nitenpyram has been used as fleas adulticide and for this purposed a survey was carried out on 27 housed dogs presenting miiasis at different parasitism stages. As result, 100% of larvae elimination effectiveness independent of its quantity and phase was obtained. 88.9% of free injuried dogs just until 24 hours after the first dosage has performed a faster initial response. The larvae coming out occurred by themselves, no handling under a medium period from 20 to 37 minutes dosage. The pharmaco has been showed to be excellent and pratical, no side effectes, once its application is via oral route, exempting the manual larvae removal, as well as, sometimes being necessary to anaesthetize the animal for avoiding a painful way. Dogs have presented faster injuries cicatrisation process(AU)

Adequação da base química Nitenpyram no tratamento de diferentes estágios larvaras de miíases em cães domiciliados do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, com vistas a observação de sua eficácia e praticidade / Adaptation of Nitenpyram chemical base for the treatment at different phases miiasis larvae in housed dogs from Rio de Janeiro Atate, in regard to its efectiveness and practicity

Sabendo-se da importância das miíases como um fator complicante das lesões cutâneas, e por apresentarem elevada incidência no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, idealizou-se testar a eficácia, praticidade e segurança de uma base química, conhecida como nitenpyram, no tratamento dessas ectoparasitoses. O nitenpyram é um farmáco utilizado como adulticida para pulgas, e neste trabalho buscou-se sua adaptação em 27 cães domiciliados que apresentavam miíases, com diferentes graus de parasitismo. Como resultado obteve-se 100% de eficácia da eliminação larval, independente da quantidade e do estágio, inclusive tendo uma resposta inicial rápida, com 88,9% dos cães com lesões livres em até 24 horas após a primeira dosagem. A exteriorização das larvas ocorreu por si só, sem manipulação, e em período médio de 20 a 37 minutos após a dosificação. O fármaco mostrou-se excelente, sem quaisquer efeitos colaterais e prático, uma vez que sua administração é oral e dispensa a retirada manual das larvas, forma essa dolorosa, pois, às vezes, é preciso que o animal esteja anestesiado. Os cães tratados apresentaram uma cicatrização mais rápida das lesões

Nitenpyram, a chemical drug for an ectoparasitosis treatment. For testing its effectiveness, practicity and safety an attempt was performed regards to the importance of miiasis as cutaneous injurie’s resultant factor, as well as for presenting high inicidence in Rio de Janeiro state. Nitenpyram has been used as fleas adulticide and for this purposed a survey was carried out on 27 housed dogs presenting miiasis at different parasitism stages. As result, 100% of larvae elimination effectiveness independent of its quantity and phase was obtained. 88.9% of free injuried dogs just until 24 hours after the first dosage has performed a faster initial response. The larvae coming out occurred by themselves, no handling under a medium period from 20 to 37 minutes dosage. The pharmaco has been showed to be excellent and pratical, no side effectes, once its application is via oral route, exempting the manual larvae removal, as well as, sometimes being necessary to anaesthetize the animal for avoiding a painful way. Dogs have presented faster injuries cicatrisation process

[Comparative validation study between the ELISA and RIFI techniques for diagnosing Leishmania sp in stray dogs caught in the municipality of Campos de Goytacazes, State of Rio de Janeiro]. / Estudo de validação comparativo entre as técnicas Elisa e RIFI para diagnosticar Leishmania sp em cães errantes apreendidos no município de Campos dos Goytacazes, Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

A survey was carried out aiming to verify the ELISA test effectiveness for detecting antibodies against Leishmania sp in dogs, comparing with RIFI human pattern and for investigating sorological zoonosis situation in the microregion. An accordance about 97.6% considered strong was reported.

Estudo de validação comparativo entre as técnicas Elisa e RIFI para diagnosticar Leishmania sp em cães errantes apreendidos no município de Campos dos Goytacazes, Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Comparative validation study between the ELISA and RIFI techniques for diagnosing Leishmania sp in stray dogs caught in the municipality of Campos de Goytacazes, State of Rio de Janeiro

Foi realizada uma pesquisa objetivando-se verificar a eficácia do teste ELISA, para detecção de anticorpos contra Leishmania sp em cães, comparando-o com o RIFI, padrão em humanos, e investigar a situação sorológica desta zoonose na microrregião. Os testes tiveram uma concordância de 97,6 por cento, classificada como forte.

A survey was carried out aiming to verify the ELISA test effectiveness for detecting antibodies against Leishmania sp in dogs, comparing with RIFI human pattern and for investigating sorological zoonosis situation in the microregion. An accordance about 97.6 percent considered strong was reported.

Avaliação da eficácia da homeopatia e fitoterapia no tratamento da papilomatose cutânea bovina / Appraisal of efficiency of homeopathy and herbal therapy in the treatment of bovine cutaneous papillomatosis

No presente trabalho foram utilizados 54 bovinos, mestiços, portadores da papilomatose plana e/ou pedunculada, de ambos os sexos e com idade variando entre 1 e 7 anos. Os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos, com 18 bovinos cada. O Grupo 1 não recebeu nenhum tipo de tratamento (grupo controle). O Grupo 2 foi constituído pelos animais tratados homeopaticamente. O Grupo 3 foi constituído pelos animais que receberam tratamento fitoterápico. Os resultados obtidos demostraram que os tratamentos homeopático e fitoterápico foram eficazes na cura da papilomatose cutânea bovina.