Transmission Electron Microscopy as a Tool to Study the Toxicological Effects of Thiamethoxam in Workers of Atta sexdens (Myrmicinae, Attini).

Thiamethoxam is a neonicotinoid that has been used to control insect pests. The literature reports a few behavioral studies evaluating the toxic effect of thiamethoxam in ants; however, there are scarce studies at the cellular level. The present research evaluated the effects of thiamethoxam in labial (LG) and mandibular glands (MG), fat bodies (FB), and Malpighian tubules (MT) of workers of Atta sexdens, using transmission electron microscopy. The duct and secretory cells of LG were profoundly affected, then the production of saliva can be compromised, as well as its quality and subsequent use. In MG, reservoir and canaliculi cells presented slight alterations; however, MG secretory cells presented vacuoles containing lamellar structures, increased lipid production, and a large amount of mitochondria, which may lead to organ's malfunctioning. The FB cell alterations do not seem enough to cause significant changes that lead to cell death. Prominent changes in MT, such as loss of the electron-dense concentric ring, increased smooth endoplasmic reticulum, loss of basal infolds, vacuoles containing mineralized granules, and lamellar structures associated with mitochondria, suggest that their excretory function is compromised. In conclusion, thiamethoxam acts not only in the nervous system but also contributes to systemic toxicity on the target organism.

A presença feminina nas indústrias de lingerie na cidade de Franca / The feminine presence in the female underwear industry in Franca

Dados recentes nos comprovam que as indústrias de lingerie têm apresentado considerável crescimento na cidade de Franca/SP, cuja história sempre se pautou pela indústria do calçado. Devido à crise no setor calçadista, sobretudo em razão da intensificação da concorrência com a indústria dos países asiáticos, muitas grandes fábricas de calçados foram fechadas e, com a dispensa de mão-de-obra, houve um processo de reorganização da estrutura fabril, protagonizado, em especial, por aqueles que buscavam nova inserção no mercado de trabalho. Diante deste quadro nasce uma nova vocação empresarial comandada basicamente por mulheres, e que está abrindo postos de trabalho para outras mulheres - a indústria de lingerie, que vem crescendo notoriamente. Partimos de um pressuposto inicial de que muitas destas mulheres, hoje à frente da incipiente indústria de lingerie, tiveram alguma experiência pregressa nas indústrias calçadistas, que empregam expressiva mão-de-obra feminina, sobretudo nos setores de apara e corte de couro, pintura e embalagem, sem contar os serviços do terceiro setor em que a presença feminina é, em qualquer circunstância, relevante. Já por estarem num ambiente econômico-industrial relacionado à moda, a transposição do calçado para a lingerie, em que pese as diferenças óbvias, representou para estas mulheres um reajuste em suas antigas qualificações como industriárias do calçado. Este estudo, em andamento, tem como fito levantar dados a respeito do histórico dessa incipiente indústria, e, através do relato dessas mulheres, conhecer suas trajetórias de vida e as experiências que trouxeram para essa nova realidade. Intenta também reconhecer quais foram as estratégias utilizadas para se reorganizarem nos espaços produtivos, que, em alguns casos é a própria casa, além de conhecer e identificar outras experiências que se articulam, no mundo do trabalho.(AU)

Recent data show that the female undewear industries in Franca/SP have presented considerable growth in that city which history has always been guided by the footwear industry. Due to the crisis in the footwear sector, especially intensified because of the competition with the industry in Asiatic countries, many major factories of shoes were closed, and with the exemption of labor, there was a process of reorganization of manufacturing structure, played in particular, by those who searched new insertion in the labor market. Facing this framework, a new vocation is born, basically controlled by women and creating jobs for other women - the underwear industry, which is growing sharply. We suppose that many of these women, ahead of today incipient industry of underwear, had some past experience in the shoe industries, which employ significant female workforce, mainly in the sectors of shavings and cutting of leather, painting and packaging, not counting the service of third sector where the presence of women is in any case, significant. We believe it because they are already in an economic-industrial environment related to fashion, so the transposition of the footwear to the underwear manufacturing, in spite of the obvious differences, represented for these women, a readjustment in their old skills used in the footwear industry. This paper ongoing, has the purpose of getting data about the history of this incipient industry, and through the report of these women know their trajectories of life and experiences they have brought to this new reality. It also intends to recognize which were the strategies they used to reorganize themselves in productive spaces, which are, in some cases their homes. In addition, it wants to know and identify other experiences that are articulated in the world of work.(AU)

A presença feminina nas indústrias de lingerie na cidade de Franca / The feminine presence in the female underwear industry in Franca

Dados recentes nos comprovam que as indústrias de lingerie têm apresentado considerável crescimento na cidade de Franca/SP, cuja história sempre se pautou pela indústria do calçado. Devido à crise no setor calçadista, sobretudo em razão da intensificação da concorrência com a indústria dos países asiáticos, muitas grandes fábricas de calçados foram fechadas e, com a dispensa de mão-de-obra, houve um processo de reorganização da estrutura fabril, protagonizado, em especial, por aqueles que buscavam nova inserção no mercado de trabalho. Diante deste quadro nasce uma nova vocação empresarial comandada basicamente por mulheres, e que está abrindo postos de trabalho para outras mulheres - a indústria de lingerie, que vem crescendo notoriamente. Partimos de um pressuposto inicial de que muitas destas mulheres, hoje à frente da incipiente indústria de lingerie, tiveram alguma experiência pregressa nas indústrias calçadistas, que empregam expressiva mão-de-obra feminina, sobretudo nos setores de apara e corte de couro, pintura e embalagem, sem contar os serviços do terceiro setor em que a presença feminina é, em qualquer circunstância, relevante. Já por estarem num ambiente econômico-industrial relacionado à moda, a transposição do calçado para a lingerie, em que pese as diferenças óbvias, representou para estas mulheres um reajuste em suas antigas qualificações como industriárias do calçado. Este estudo, em andamento, tem como fito levantar dados a respeito do histórico dessa incipiente indústria, e, através do relato dessas mulheres, conhecer suas trajetórias de vida e as experiências que trouxeram para essa nova realidade. Intenta também reconhecer quais foram as estratégias utilizadas para se reorganizarem nos espaços produtivos, que, em alguns casos é a própria casa, além de conhecer e identificar outras experiências que se articulam, no mundo do trabalho.

Recent data show that the female undewear industries in Franca/SP have presented considerable growth in that city which history has always been guided by the footwear industry. Due to the crisis in the footwear sector, especially intensified because of the competition with the industry in Asiatic countries, many major factories of shoes were closed, and with the exemption of labor, there was a process of reorganization of manufacturing structure, played in particular, by those who searched new insertion in the labor market. Facing this framework, a new vocation is born, basically controlled by women and creating jobs for other women - the underwear industry, which is growing sharply. We suppose that many of these women, ahead of today incipient industry of underwear, had some past experience in the shoe industries, which employ significant female workforce, mainly in the sectors of shavings and cutting of leather, painting and packaging, not counting the service of third sector where the presence of women is in any case, significant. We believe it because they are already in an economic-industrial environment related to fashion, so the transposition of the footwear to the underwear manufacturing, in spite of the obvious differences, represented for these women, a readjustment in their old skills used in the footwear industry. This paper ongoing, has the purpose of getting data about the history of this incipient industry, and through the report of these women know their trajectories of life and experiences they have brought to this new reality. It also intends to recognize which were the strategies they used to reorganize themselves in productive spaces, which are, in some cases their homes. In addition, it wants to know and identify other experiences that are articulated in the world of work.