Clinical investigations for SUS, the Brazilian public health system.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Scientific and technological development is crucial for advancing the Brazilian health system and for promoting quality of life. The way in which the Brazilian Ministry of Health has supported clinical research to provide autonomy, self-sufficiency, competitiveness and innovation for the healthcare industrial production complex, in accordance with the National Policy on Science, Technology and Innovation in Healthcare, was analyzed. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive investigation, based on secondary data, conducted at the Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Health. METHODS: The Ministry of Health's research management database, PesquisaSaúde, was analyzed from 2002 to 2009, using the key word "clinical research" in the fields "primary sub-agenda" or "secondary sub-agenda". The 368 projects retrieved were sorted into six categories: basic biomedical research, preclinical studies, expanded clinical research, clinical trials, infrastructure support and health technology assessment. From a structured review on "clinical research funding", results from selected countries are presented and discussed. RESULTS: The amount invested was R$ 140 million. The largest number of projects supported "basic biomedical research", while the highest amounts invested were in "clinical trials" and "infrastructure support". The southeastern region had the greatest proportion of projects and financial resources. In some respects, Brazil is ahead of other BRICS countries (Russia, India, China and South Africa), especially with regard to establishing a National Clinical Research Network. CONCLUSION: The Ministry of Health ensured investments to encourage clinical research in Brazil and contributed towards promoting cohesion between investigators, health policies and the healthcare industrial production complex.

Efeito da fortificação com ácido fólico na redução dos defeitos do tubo neural / The effect of folic acid fortification on the reduction of neural tube defects

Defeitos do tubo neural são malformações que ocorrem na fase inicial do desenvolvimento fetal, levando à anencefalia e espinha bífida; o ácido fólico é o mais importante fator de risco identificado até hoje. A prevalência relatada de defeitos do tubo neural coloca o Brasil no patamar dos países com as mais altas taxas no mundo. Inquéritos sobre consumo de folato entre gestantes brasileiras mostram ingestão altamente deficiente (< 0,6mg/dia). A ANVISA regulamentou para 2004 a adição de ácido fólico às farinhas de trigo e milho (0,15 mg/100g). A Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiar indicou que a disponibilidade média diária domiciliar de panificados/farináceos era 106,1g (aportando 0,16mg/dia folato). Porém se na Região Sul a disponibilidade era 144g/dia, no Norte e Centro-oeste não chegava a 70g/dia. Apesar de 40 países adotarem a fortificação obrigatória, apenas quatro avaliaram esta estratégia. Todos os estudos demonstraram impacto e reduções significativas na prevalência de defeitos do tubo neural, variando de 19 a 78 por cento. A fortificação de alimentos com ácido fólico é uma intervenção inquestionável na prevenção primária; à luz dos conhecimentos atuais deve-se considerar os defeitos do tubo neural como uma "epidemia" passível de prevenção.

Neural tube defects are congenital malformations that occur during initial fetal development, leading to anencephaly and spina bifida; folic acid deficiency is the most important risk factor identified to date. Brazil has one of the world's highest neural tube defect rates. Food consumption surveys among pregnant Brazilian women showed a high rate of inadequate folic acid intake (< 0.6mg/day). In 2004, the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) mandated the fortification of corn meal and wheat flour with folic acid (0.15mg/100g). The National Family Budget Survey estimated the average amount of bread/flour products available in households as 106.1g/day (contributing with 0.16mg folic acid/day). However, while in the South of the country the supply was 144g/day, in the North and Central West it barely reached 70g/day. Folic acid food fortification is mandatory in some 40 countries, but only four have assessed this strategy. The existing studies have all shown a significant impact, ranging from 19 to 78 percent. Folic acid fortification is an undeniably important intervention for primary prevention, and neural tube defects can now be considered a preventable epidemic.

[The effect of folic acid fortification on the reduction of neural tube defects]. / Efeito da fortificação com ácido fólico na redução dos defeitos do tubo neural.

Neural tube defects are congenital malformations that occur during initial fetal development, leading to anencephaly and spina bifida; folic acid deficiency is the most important risk factor identified to date. Brazil has one of the world's highest neural tube defect rates. Food consumption surveys among pregnant Brazilian women showed a high rate of inadequate folic acid intake (< 0.6 mg/day). In 2004, the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) mandated the fortification of corn meal and wheat flour with folic acid (0.15 mg/100g). The National Family Budget Survey estimated the average amount of bread/flour products available in households as 106.1g/day (contributing with 0.16 mg folic acid/day). However, while in the South of the country the supply was 144 g/day, in the North and Central West it barely reached 70 g/day. Folic acid food fortification is mandatory in some 40 countries, but only four have assessed this strategy. The existing studies have all shown a significant impact, ranging from 19 to 78%. Folic acid fortification is an undeniably important intervention for primary prevention, and neural tube defects can now be considered a preventable epidemic.