Pneumococcal endocarditis causing valve destruction in the absence of vegetations on transesophageal echocardiography: a series of 3 consecutive cases.

Streptococcus pneumoniae endocarditis is uncommon. It has a predilection for the aortic valve and is associated with high mortality. We present 3 consecutive cases of pneumococcal endocarditis, each preceded by a different extracardiac infection but all causing destructive aortic valve lesions associated with severe regurgitation, in the absence of vegetations on transesophageal echocardiography. This case series illustrates the aggressive nature of pneumococcal endocarditis and the need for early diagnosis. Echocardiography should be considered in all individuals with persistent extracardiac pneumococcal infections.

Outcomes of patients with untreated severe aortic stenosis in real-world practice.

BACKGROUND: Surgical aortic valve replacement remains the gold standard of the treatment of severe symptomatic aortic stenosis but is often not considered due to excessive risk factors and comorbidities especially in elderly patients. We describe the burden of untreated severe aortic stenosis at a tertiary care hospital in New Zealand. METHOD: Consecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis presented between January-December, 2005 were studied retrospectively. Outcome assessment included mortality, hospital stay and on going symptoms (angina >CCS class II, dyspnoea >NYHA class II and syncope). RESULTS: A total of 105 patients with severe aortic stenosis were identified (mean age 76 plus or minus 13 years, 51% men). Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the management strategy. (Group 1: Not referred for surgery as asymptomatic (n=25), Group 2: Declined for surgery (n=41), Group 3: Accepted for surgery (n=39)). Median follow-up was 34 months (interquartile range: 16-36 months). All-cause mortality in Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 were 36%, 73% and 18% respectively while hospital days per 100 patient-years were 3.5, 10.1 and 6.4 and symptoms on last follow-up were 0%, 64% and 0% respectively. Almost half of symptomatic patients (Group 2 versus 3) were denied valve surgery due to comorbidities. Symptomatic patients had a significant mortality (p<0.0001) benefit with less hospitalisations (p<0.0001) post surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Untreated symptomatic severe aortic stenosis is associated with a poor prognosis and significant morbidity. For symptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis who are denied surgery, alternative therapies such as transcatheter aortic valve implantation could be a viable option.