The Effect of Blood Glucose Concentration on the Error Monitoring and Processing System in Alcohol Users During Intensive Mental Activities

Background:The error monitoring and processing system (EMPS) located in the substantia nigra of the midbrain; basal ganglia and cortex of the forebrain; plays a leading role in error detection and correction. Although recent data show that alcohol disrupts the EMPS; the mechanism of alcohol's effect on this system remains unknown.Aims: To suggest a hypothesis that explains the processes and mechanism of alcohol-related disruption of EMPS. Methods:We critically examined our recent research data; as well as peer-reviewed literature on the effect of alcohol on blood glucose levels; and cognitive functions. The role of blood glucose concentration in the EMPS; including associated theories and hypothesis were also reviewed. Databases utilised were African Journals On Line; Elsevier; Science Direct; Medline from January 1940 to February 2010 . Results: Blood glucose concentration plays a vital role in the EMPS. The effect of blood glucose concentration on the EMPS is realised through the modulation of the activity of the dopaminergic system by proportional changes in the brain glucose level. Based on current literatures and the results of our recent study; here we suggest a hypothesis of alcohol-related glucose-dependent system of error monitoring and processing.The main postulate of this hypothesis holds that the disruption of EMPS by ethanol is related to disorders in glucose metabolism; which in turn may determine the dopamine level the major component of EMPS.Conclusion: Alcohol may disrupt the EMPS indirectly by affecting dopamine level through disorders in glucose homeostasis regulation

Histamine-correcting drug pherofunginum and bone tissue regeneration.

It has been shown that a histamine-correcting preparation (Pherofunginum) speeds up bone tissue regeneration. Other histamine correcting preparations behave in a similar way. We conclude that the application of these preparations in traumatology may have beneficial results.

[The morphological changes in the organs of the lymphoid system in the experimental infection of mice with Trichinella spiralis]. / Morfologicheskie izmeneniia v organakh limfoidnoi sistemy pri éksperimental'nom zarazhenii myshei Trichinella spiralis.

The dynamics of morphological changes in central and peripheral organs of the lymphoid system of mice experimentally invaded with Trichinella spiralis was studied. The immune response of the host was shown to have two phases including two peaks and the suppression period. The activation of the lymphoid organs was observed in earlier intestinal and muscular phases, and the suppression was noted in migration phase of invasion.

[A morphometric study of the bone marrow of mice infected with Trichinella spiralis and T. pseudospiralis]. / Morfometricheskoe issledovanie kostnogo mozga myshei, zarazhennykh Trichinella spiralis i T. pseudospiralis.

The study of cytograms of the marrow of mice with experimental T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis invasion of 1 to 60 days revealed the marked activation of granulocytes and lymphoid cell proliferation with the much lower response of erythroid cells. The maximal response occurred at 21-35 days of invasion with subsequent diminution. In mice experimentally invaded with T. pseudospiralis the response of the marrow was less pronounced, but the period of active cell proliferation was prolonged.

[The composition of the peripheral blood in white mice infected with Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella pseudospiralis]. / Sostav perifericheskoi krovi u belykh myshei, zarazhennykh Trichinella spiralis i Trichinella pseudospiralis.

The study of the peripheral blood response in mice with an experimental T. spiralis infection from the 1 to the 60 days of the latter showed leucocytosis, lymphomonocytosis and neutropenia maximal at the 21--35 days of the infection along with hyperthrombocytosis and ESR elevation, with the subsequent declination up to the end of the supervision. In experimental P. pseudospiralis infection lymphomonocytosis and ESR levels were comparatively lower but eosinophilia was significantly higher.

[Morphometric and cytologic methods of assessing the host's immune response to invasion by Trichinella spiralis]. / Morfometricheskie i tsitologicheskie metody otsenki immunoi reaktsii khoziaina na invaziiu Trichinella spiralis.

Morphometric and cytological methods of assessment of the immune response of the host's lymphoid organs to invasion were assayed in experimental model of the white mice trichinelliasis. High informative value allowing to reveal the real processes, causing immune system's alterations in case of trichinelliasis as well as the terms and sequence of appearance of immune responses in various organs, were established. Authors suggested methodological approaches to morphometry use and its application in various cases of experimental and clinical pathology.