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2.
Cuad. gest. prof. aten. prim. (Ed. impr.) ; 7(4): 168-176, oct. 2001. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-5354

RESUMO

El presente estudio se desarrolla en el Área de Salud de Tenerife, que cuenta con una población de derecho de 692.366 habitantes. Debido a su gran dimensión, se divide en 37 zonas de salud, de las cuales 34 funcionan con el modelo de equipo de atención primaria. El principal objetivo del presente trabajo es explorar un modelo alternativo al actual para la asignación de médicos de familia (MF) a las zonas de salud, a fin de lograr una mayor equidad en la distribución de las cargas de trabajo. Se incluyeron todos los centros de salud (CS) que durante el año completo contaron con cita previa centralizada y cuyos datos ofrecían calidad suficiente para su comparación, resultando un total de 26 CS cabecera (343.250 habitantes). Los consultorios locales dependientes de los CS cabecera se justifican por motivos de dispersión geográfica, aunque su población no llegue a alcanzar la ratio mínima de personas adscritas por profesional como criterio general. Por ello, pensamos que la asignación de recursos a los consultorios locales podría ser analizada en otro estudio de forma específica. Para cada CS cabecera se obtuvo la pirámide de población adscrita, la de población atendida y la pirámide del total de consultas; con estos datos se elaboraron los indicadores de presión asistencial (PA), pirámide del porcentaje de población atendida sobre su población adscrita ( por ciento Pob. Ate.) y pirámide del índice de frecuentación de la población atendida (IF Pob. Ate.). Basándonos en el análisis de estos dos últimos indicadores, se propone un modelo alternativo para la asignación de MF a los CS cabecera, dado el menor coeficiente de variación (CV = 6,9) de la PA entre centros, del que se obtiene con los dos modelos que se vienen aplicando en la práctica, G y cupo óptimo (CV = 19,3 y 21,5, respectivamente) (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Masculino , Humanos , Modelos Organizacionais , Equidade , Carga de Trabalho , Médicos de Família/organização & administração , 28640 , Distribuição por Idade e Sexo
3.
Cuad. gest. prof. aten. prim. (Ed. impr.) ; 7(1): 30-35, ene. 2001. graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-5332

RESUMO

Hoy día, una gestión de calidad pasa por incorporar, de forma periódica y estable, la perspectiva del usuario como elemento relevante y complementario para el conocimiento y actuación sobre el funcionamiento de los centros. El objetivo del estudio es conocer la evolución de la percepción de los usuarios con respecto a la accesibilidad a la cita previa a través del teléfono, accesibilidad para acudir a consulta el día y a la hora que desea, tiempo de espera para pasar a consulta desde la hora de la cita, y la valoración espontánea con respecto a los aspectos que más les agradan de su centro y los que menos les agradan. Se realiza una encuesta telefónica, con preguntas que pretenden obtenerla intensidad de la valoración de cada encuestado. El muestreo de usuarios ha sido aleatorio y estratificado por centros y médicos de familia de entre aquellos que acudieron a consulta, mediante cita telefónica, en los últimos 15 días previos a la encuesta. Las llamadas se realizaron aleatoriamente en horario de mañana y tarde, intentando el contacto en, al menos, tres ocasiones; la tasa de no respuesta en 1997 fue del 5 por ciento y en el 2000 del 11 por ciento. La muestra en 1997 y 2000 fue, respectivamente, de 192 y 243 personas. La accesibilidad para obtener cita mediante el teléfono ha mejorado significativamente, pasando de un 37 por ciento de satisfacción a un 90 por ciento (p < 0,0001). No se aprecian diferencias en las posibilidades de elección y sí con respecto al tiempo de espera, que empeoró (p < 0,003) (1997: muy bien, el 43 por ciento; bien, el 23 por ciento; 2000: el 21 y el 42 por ciento, respectivamente).El sistema de encuestas telefónicas por oleadas es un instrumento sencillo, viable y con un nivel de sensibilidad suficiente como para valorar las variaciones en la percepción de los usuarios sobre aspectos concretos de nuestros servicios (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Satisfação do Paciente , Agendamento de Consultas , Centros de Saúde , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/normas , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Espanha , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Listas de Espera , Epidemiologia Descritiva
4.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-5325

RESUMO

Conocer las características que hacen singular la atención sanitaria a la población que visita nuestra isla por turismo ayudará a adecuar un nivel de respuesta acorde con sus necesidades, tanto a nivel presupuestario como organizativo, con el propósito de brindar un servicio de calidad. Para ello, se ha cuantificado la carga asistencial atribuible a la prestación a extranjeros y desplazados nacionales, así como el gasto que origina esta actividad asistencial. Por otra parte, se ha realizado una aproximación al grado de satisfacción de los profesionales acerca de las circunstancias que la rodean. El análisis se ha realizado con los 20 médicos de medicina de familia que concentran en sus consultas a la mayor parte de esta población. La carga asistencial generada por estos pacientes fue de un 24 por ciento del total de consultas atendidas por los facultativos, siendo vividas éstas como una distorsión con respecto a la atención de los pacientes de sus cupos, al necesitar un mayor tiempo de dedicación (paciente desconocido, dificultad idiomática) y tener, en general, un mayor nivel de exigencia. Creemos que es necesario adecuar una respuesta diferenciada a estos usuarios, toda vez que sus necesidades son distintas a las de un cupo estable. Esto, por otra parte, facilitaría un mejor conocimiento y gestión de los procesos administrativos y asistenciales que requiere este tipo de atención. Del total del gasto asistencial, el 40 por ciento fue gasto farmacéutico, centrándose la mayor parte del mismo en los pensionistas. La estimación del gasto oscila entre 90 y 92 millones de pesetas en los 6 meses analizados, calculando que en el área de salud sea al menos un 20 por ciento superior al obtenido para las zonas básicas del estudio. Esto, unido a la falta de información existente, nos lleva a considerar que el coste real de la atención a los desplazados puede ser muy superior a nuestras estimaciones (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/economia , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde/economia , Viagem , Espanha , Gastos em Saúde
5.
Aten Primaria ; 25(5): 339-42, 2000 Mar 31.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10853505

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To find an equation that can calculate quality reference standards on the sum expected per doctor, adjusted for the size of his/her list, his/her characteristics and patients included in chronically ill services. This objective is posed within a strategy of individualizing information and evaluation as a tool to promote improvement. DESIGN: Crossover, descriptive study. SETTING: Autonomous community of the Canary Islands. Tenerife Health Area, primary care management. PARTICIPANTS: The study was performed with 51 doctors belonging to 10 primary care teams, for whom there was quality information available due to their having used the CRONOS computer programme for a sufficient period of time. The period analyzed ran from January to November 1997. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Multiple regression analysis through automatic algorithm of step-by-step selection of variables. There was a close relationship between the variability of the pharmacy sum per doctor (adjusted r2: 0.81; F, 66.05; p < 0.000) and the size of the list; also between the former and the characteristics of the users on the list. The most relevant variables were the percentage of women over 55 and the mean drug consumption per consultation with patients during the study period. It was seen, in relation to this last variable, that the percentage of pensioners and the number of hyper-intense patients included were important. CONCLUSION: Given the high variability explained, we propose broadening the study to all the doctors, so as to give the results greater consistency and offer quality reference information, in line with the above-mentioned improvement plan.


Assuntos
Orçamentos , Tratamento Farmacológico/economia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Área Programática de Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Farmacoeconomia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espanha
6.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 25(5): 339-342, mar. 2000.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-4086

RESUMO

Objetivo. Obtener una ecuación que permita ofrecer patrones de referencia de calidad sobre el importe esperado por facultativo, ajustado por tamaño del cupo, sus características y pacientes incluidos en servicios de crónicos. Este objetivo se plantea dentro de una estrategia de particularizar la información y evaluación como instrumento promotor de la mejora. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo transversal. Emplazamiento. Comunidad Autónoma de Canarias. Área de Salud de Tenerife, Gerencia de Atención Primaria. Participantes. Se realiza con 51 facultativos pertenecientes a 10 equipos de atención primaria (EAP), para los que se dispone de información de calidad como consecuencia de llevar un período de tiempo suficiente utilizando el programa informático CRONOS. El período de tiempo analizado ha sido de enero de 1997 a noviembre del mismo año. Mediciones y resultados principales. Análisis de regresión múltiple mediante algoritmo automático de selección de variables paso a paso. Se obtuvo una fuerte relación entre la variabilidad del importe de farmacia por facultativo (r2 ajustada, 0,81; F, 66,05; p < 0,000) y el tamaño del cupo, así como con las características de los usuarios adscritos al mismo, surgiendo como variables más relevantes el porcentaje de mujeres mayores de 55 años y el consumo medio de consultas por paciente visto durante el período de estudio; respecto a esta última variable, se vio que era importante el porcentaje de pensionista adscritos y el número de hipertensos incluidos en servicio. Conclusión. Dada la alta variabilidad explicada, nos proponemos ampliar el estudio con la totalidad de los facultativos, a fin de dar mayor consistencia a los resultados y poder ofrecer información de referencia de calidad, de acuerdo con el expresado planteamiento de mejora (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Orçamentos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Fatores Sexuais , Espanha , Farmacoeconomia , Prognóstico , Psicoterapia , Antidepressivos , Depressão , Tratamento Farmacológico , Estudos Transversais , Fatores Etários , Eletroconvulsoterapia , Área Programática de Saúde
7.
J Trop Pediatr ; 45(4): 215-20, 1999 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10467832

RESUMO

We evaluated helminthic infection and anthropometric indicators of nutritional status in a group of school-age children from a slum area of Caracas, Venezuela. The proportions of children at or below the 10th percentiles for height/age and weight/age were significantly higher in those presenting helminthiasis than in those uninfected. Although this could partially reflect a codependence of both helminthic infection and undernutrition or poverty, when the children were administered regular anthelmintic treatment for a year their anthropometric values improved significantly. When they were re-evaluated 8 months after the end of anthelmintic administration, the degree of reinfection by the most common helminth, Ascaris lumbricoides, was significantly higher in the growth-retarded children. These results confirm the relationship between helminthic infection and decreased growth rates in underprivileged populations, and indicate that children at nutritional risk are more susceptible to such infections, even after a prolonged parasite-free period.


Assuntos
Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Helmintíase/tratamento farmacológico , Distúrbios Nutricionais/prevenção & controle , Áreas de Pobreza , Antropometria , Criança , Seguimentos , Helmintíase/complicações , Helmintíase/epidemiologia , Humanos , Distúrbios Nutricionais/epidemiologia , Distúrbios Nutricionais/etiologia , Recidiva , Venezuela/epidemiologia
8.
Am J Clin Nutr ; 66(2): 521S-525S, 1997 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9250142

RESUMO

To study the role of food in the stimulation of cytokine production, the effects of lactic bacteria on production of interferon alpha, beta, and gamma; interleukin 1 beta; and tumor necrosis factor alpha were evaluated in mice and humans. Yogurt bacteria induced plasma interferon alpha and beta production in mice. Yogurt intake containing 10(11) bacteria led to increased 2'-5' A synthetase activity in human blood mononuclear cells. This result may suggest an interferon action in a peripheral way. This effect was also found when subjects consumed 10(8) yogurt bacteria/d for 15 d. In an in vitro model, blood mononuclear cells cultured in the presence of yogurt bacteria produced interleukin 1 beta, tumor necrosis factor, and interferon alpha and gamma. These results suggest the involvement of a certain type of food in cytokine production under healthy conditions.


Assuntos
Citocinas/biossíntese , Alimentos , Lactobacillus acidophilus/fisiologia , Leite , Iogurte , Adulto , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Camundongos , Valores de Referência
9.
Eur Cytokine Netw ; 2(4): 299-303, 1991.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1721851

RESUMO

This study investigates the effect of intraperitoneal injection of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus on interferon production by Swiss mice. The serum from mice given 5 x 10(7) L. bulgaricus in 0.5 ml saline showed a maximal production of 300 U/ml of alpha/beta interferon activity six hours after injection. Cellular integrity appears to be necessary for stimulation; heat-treated bacteria had little effect, while irradiated-bacteria had a greater effect. TNF was also produced, the sera of mice with high IFN also contained 300 U/ml TNF. Streptococcus thermophilus produced no detectable increase in serum IFN, but the 2'-5' A synthetase activity of peritoneal cells was elevated suggesting that small amounts of interferon were produced. Injection of Streptococcus thermophilus plus Lactobacillus bulgaricus did not change the serum interferon response to L. bulgaricus. These observations suggest that non-pathogenic bacteria such as those used in food processing, can stimulate IFN production in mice. There is some evidence that the bacterial cell walls might be responsible for at least part of this effect.


Assuntos
Infecções Bacterianas/imunologia , Indutores de Interferon , Interferons/biossíntese , Lactobacillus , Infecções Estreptocócicas/imunologia , 2',5'-Oligoadenilato Sintetase/metabolismo , Animais , Infecções Bacterianas/enzimologia , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Dactinomicina/farmacologia , Feminino , Interferons/análise , Interferons/sangue , Células L , Lactobacillus/efeitos da radiação , Camundongos , Infecções Estreptocócicas/enzimologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/análise , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/farmacologia
10.
Eur Cytokine Netw ; 2(2): 137-40, 1991.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1813017

RESUMO

The production of interferon by fasted human subjects in response to lactic bacteria Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. The 2'-5' A synthetase activity of blood mononuclear cells was used to estimate interferon production following a single ingestion of 10(11) bacteria in yoghurt or sterile milk (controls). The level of the 2'-5' A synthetase of the yoghurt fed subjects was 83% (p = 0.002) higher than that of the milk fed controls 24 hours after ingestion. The baseline value remained unchanged in the control group. Blood mononuclear cells from a second group of subjects, were cultured with lactic bacteria for 48 hours, their cell-free supernatants contained gamma interferon. These results suggest that a transient production of interferon can be induced in healthy subjects by the lactic bacteria used in food processing.


Assuntos
2',5'-Oligoadenilato Sintetase/biossíntese , Laticínios/microbiologia , Interferon gama/biossíntese , Lactobacillus/imunologia , Streptococcus/imunologia , Adulto , Animais , Indução Enzimática , Feminino , Fermentação , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Lactobacillus/isolamento & purificação , Leucócitos Mononucleares/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Leite/microbiologia , Streptococcus/isolamento & purificação , Iogurte/microbiologia
11.
Atherosclerosis ; 73(1): 71-80, 1988 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3178934

RESUMO

The in vitro response of chick embryo endothelial and smooth muscle cells from aorta explants, induced to grow on a collagen type I matrix, was investigated at different stages of development. At early stages of embryonic development both cell types reacted with collagen as a substratum. At later stages, the endothelial cells had a lower response, whereas the response of muscle cells remained constant. Further evidence is given for the spatial-specific behaviour demonstrated by endothelial cells, which remained on the surface while smooth muscle cells invaded the matrix. Results further highlight the possible role of endothelial cell polarity on the cell-collagen interaction and growing response.


Assuntos
Colágeno , Endotélio Vascular/citologia , Músculo Liso Vascular/citologia , Animais , Divisão Celular , Células Cultivadas , Embrião de Galinha , Galinhas , Meios de Cultura , Matriz Extracelular , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura
13.
J Cell Biol ; 78(3): 894-909, 1978 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-701364

RESUMO

Rat liver microsomal glycoproteins were purified by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A Sepharose columns from membrane and content fractions, separated from rough microsomes (RM) treated with low concentrations of deoxycholate (DOC). All periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive glycoproteins of RM showed affinity for concanavalin A Sepharose; even after sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) acrylamide gel electrophoresis, most of the microsomal glycoproteins bound [125I]concanavalin A added to the gels, as detected by autoradiography. Two distinct sets of glycoproteins are present in the membrane and content fractions derived from RM. SDS acrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that RM membranes contain 15--20 glycoproteins (15--22% of the total microsomal protein) which range in apparent mol wt from 23,000 to 240,000 daltons. A smaller set of glycoproteins (five to seven polypeptides), with apparent mol wt between 60,000 and 200,000 daltons, was present in the microsomal content fraction. The disposition of the membrane glycoproteins with respect to the membrane plane was determined by selective iodination with the lactoperoxidase (LPO) technique. Intact RM were labeled on their outer face with 131I and, after opening of the vesicles with 0.05% DOC, in both faces with 125I. An analysis of iodination ratios for individual proteins separated electrophoretically showed that in most membrane glycoproteins, tyrosine residues are predominantly exposed on the luminal face of the vesicles, which is the same face on which the carbohydrate moieties are exposed. Several membrane glycoproteins are also exposed on the cytoplasmic surface and therefore have a transmembrane disposition. In this study, ribophorins I and II, two integral membrane proteins (mol wt 65,000 and 63,000) characteristic of RM, were found to be transmembrane glycoproteins. It is suggested that the transmembrane disposition of the ribophorins may be related to their possible role in ribosome binding and in the vectorial transfer of nascent polypeptides into the microsomal lumen.


Assuntos
Glicoproteínas/análise , Proteínas de Membrana/análise , Microssomos Hepáticos/química , Animais , Glicoproteínas/isolamento & purificação , Glicoproteínas/fisiologia , Proteínas de Membrana/fisiologia , Microssomos Hepáticos/ultraestrutura , Peso Molecular , Ratos , Ribossomos/metabolismo
14.
J Cell Biol ; 77(2): 488-506, 1978 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-418074

RESUMO

Two proteins (ribophorins I and II), which are integral components of rough microsomal membranes and appear to be related to the bound ribosomes, were shown to be exposed on the surface of rat liver rough microsomes (RM) and to be in close proximity to the bound ribosomes. Both proteins were labeled when intact RM were incubated with a lactoperoxidase iodinating system, but only ribophorin I was digested during mild trypsinization of intact RM. Ribophorin II (63,000 daltons) was only proteolyzed when the luminal face of the microsomal vesicles was made accessible to trypsin by the addition of sublytical detergent concentrations. Only 30--40% of the bound ribosomes were released during trypsinization on intact RM, but ribosome release was almost complete in the presence of low detergent concentrations. Very low glutaraldehyde concentrations (0.005--0.02%) led to the preferential cross-linking of large ribosomal subunits of bound ribosomes to the microsomal membranes. This cross-linking prevented the release of subunits caused by puromycin in media of high ionic strength, but not the incorporation of [3H]puromycin into nascent polypeptide chains. SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoresis of cross-linked samples a preferential reduction in the intensity of the bands representing the ribophorins and the formation of aggregates which did not penetrate into the gels. At low methyl-4-mercaptobutyrimidate (MMB) concentrations (0.26 mg/ml) only 30% of the ribosomes were cross-linked to the microsomal membranes, as shown by the puromycin-KCl test, but membranes could still be solubilized with 1% DOC. This allowed the isolation of the ribophorins together with the sedimentable ribosomes, as was shown by electrophoresis of the sediments after disruption of the cross-links by reduction. Experiments with RM which contained only inactive ribosomes showed that the presence of nascent chains was not necessary for the reversible cross-linking of ribosomes to the membranes. These observations suggest that ribophorins are in close proximity to the bound ribosomes, as may be expected from components of the ribosome-binding sites.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Ribossomos/metabolismo , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Glutaral/farmacologia , Masculino , Proteínas de Membrana/análise , Compostos de Metilmercúrio/farmacologia , Microssomos Hepáticos/análise , Microssomos Hepáticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Frações Subcelulares
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