Grado de satisfacción e impacto social y medioambiental en pacientes incluidos en un programa de seguimiento remoto de marcapasos / Degree of satisfaction and social and environmental impact in patients included in a remote pacemaker monitoring program

Resumen Objetivo: Describir el grado de satisfacción y el impacto sociolaboral y medioambiental de los pacientes de un programa de seguimiento remoto de marcapasos. Método: Estudio observacional prospectivo que incluyó 160 pacientes del programa de seguimiento remoto entre 2016 y 2017. Se pasó una encuesta de satisfacción a dichos pacientes y se cuantificó la disminución del CO2 emitido al reducir el número de visitas. Resultados: Los pacientes acudían acompañados (86%) y en coche (66%) la mayoría de las veces, y mostraron un grado de satisfacción «bueno o excelente¼ en un 96%. Se estima un ahorro de emisión de CO2 de casi un 10% por ciclo de seguimiento. Conclusiones: El seguimiento remoto de marcapasos implantado en nuestra unidad de arritmias reduce el impacto sociolaboral, económico y medioambiental.

Abstract Objective: To describe the degree of satisfaction and social, occupational and environmental impact of patients on our remote pacemaker monitoring programme run. Method: Prospective observational study including 160 patients on the remote pacemaker monitoring programme between 2016 and 2017. We handed out a satisfaction survey and quantified the decrease in CO2 emitted by reducing the number of visits. Results: The patients attended visits accompanied (86%) and by car (66%) most of the time. 96% of respondents said their degree of satisfaction was "good or excellent". We estimated a saving in CO2 emissions of almost 10% for each remote monitoring cycle. Conclusions: The remote monitoring of pacemakers implemented by our arrhythmia unit reduces the social, occupational, financial and environmental impact.

Percutaneous Intervention in Diffuse Coronary Disease: Overlapping Versus Single Very Long Stent Technique. Results From the OVERLONG Registry.

BACKGROUND: Both stent length and stent overlap are associated with worse outcomes in the percutaneous treatment of diffuse coronary artery disease (dCAD). However, evidence comparing these issues is scarce. We aimed to compare the results between the use of single very long stent (VLS) and ≥2 overlapping stents (OS) in the treatment of dCAD. METHODS: Seven hundred twenty-four consecutive lesions were included: 275 treated with a single VLS (≥40 mm) and 449 with ≥2 OS. Procedural characteristics were assessed, and survival analysis was performed to compare the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization [TLR], or stent thrombosis) during a median follow-up of 31 months. RESULTS: Procedures with VLS required less contrast volume (268 ± 122 vs 302 ± 113 cm3; P < .01), fluoroscopy time (16 ± 8 vs 21 ± 16 minutes; P < .01), and procedure duration (37 ± 18 vs 47 ± 27 minutes; P < .01) than the OS procedures. The VLS group showed lower incidence of MACE (4.4% vs 10.7%; P < .01), driven mainly by lower TLR rate (1.1% vs 4.7%; P < .01). The use of OS was an independent predictor of MACE. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the use of VLS for the treatment of dCAD was associated with better outcomes compared to OS.

Long-Term Follow-Up of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Paclitaxel-Eluting Balloon Catheter.

Drug-eluting balloons currently constitute a therapeutic tool used in percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Long-term results remain unknown. We evaluated the prognosis of PCI using a second generation paclitaxel-eluting balloon (PEB) in real-world patients. We included all PCI with PEB in de novo or in-stent restenosis coronary lesions performed in our unit from March 2009 to March 2019. We assessed the composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) rate after a median follow-up of 42 months. Consecutive patients (n = 320) with 386 lesions were included; 46.9% presented with stable angina and 53.1% acute coronary syndromes; 52.6% of the lesions were in-stent restenosis and 47.3% de novo lesions with a mean diameter of 2.4 ± 0.5 mm. A bare metal stent was implanted in 6.7% and a drug-eluting stent in 8.5% of patients. The MACE rate was 8%: 10 (2.6%) cardiovascular deaths, 13 (3.4%) myocardial infarctions, and 16 (4.1%) target lesion revascularization. The all-cause death rate was 5.2%. No cases of thrombosis were recorded. In conclusion, PEB was a safe and effective tool to treat in-stent restenosis and de novo coronary lesions, especially small vessel disease, during long-term follow-up.

Taquicardia ventricular polimórfica y miocardio no compactado, ¿una nueva variante genética? / Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and non-compacted myocardium: A new genetic variant?

Resumen La taquicardia ventricular polimórfica catecolaminérgica es una enfermedad caracterizada por arritmias ventriculares desencadenadas por estrés o actividad física. Existen casos descritos de taquicardia ventricular polimórfica catecolaminérgica asociada a ventrículo izquierdo no compactado, en relación con mutaciones del gen RYR2 localizadas en el exón 3. Se expone el caso clínico de una paciente joven que debutó con clínica de síncopes recurrentes asociados a estrés físico o emocional. En el estudio posterior se descubrió taquicardia ventricular polimórfica catecolaminérgica, con áreas de miocardio no compactado y una nueva variante genética posiblemente asociada a la enfermedad.

Abstract Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is disease characterised by ventricular arrhythmias triggered by stress or physical activity. There are some cases of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia described that are associated with non-compacted left ventricle in relation to mutations of the RYR2 gene located in exon 3. A case is presented of a young patient in whom the clinical signs started with recurrent syncope associated with physical or emotional stress. In the subsequent study, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia was discovered, with areas of non-compacted myocardium and new genetic variant possibly associated with the disease.

Biomarcadores inflamatorios y extensión de aterosclerosis coronaria en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo: Estudio observacional prospectivo en un hospital general universitario / Circulating markers of inflammation and severity of coronary atherosclerosis in acute coronary syndrome: Prospective observational study in a general university hospital

Resumen Objetivo: Encontrar una relación entre los niveles de proteína C reactiva (PCR) y fibrinógeno, y la extensión de la aterosclerosis en el síndrome coronario agudo. Métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo, en el que se incluyeron 873 pacientes con síndrome coronario atendidos en un hospital entre 2016 y 2018. Se analizaron niveles de PCR y fibrinógeno, marcadores metabólicos y extensión de la aterosclerosis coronaria. Resultados: No se halló correlación positiva entre los niveles de PCR y fibrinógeno y los marcadores metabólicos, así como tampoco con enfermedad de uno, dos y tres vasos (p 0,829; p 0,810). Conclusiones: Los niveles sanguíneos de PCR y fibrinógeno se relacionan con la tasa de eventos cardiovasculares, pero no se ha podido demostrar que exista relación entre estos y la severidad de la aterosclerosis coronaria.

Abstract Objective: To determine whether there is a relationship between C - reactive protein and fibrinogen levels and the extent of atherosclerosis in acute coronary syndrome. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted that include 873 patients with coronary syndrome treated in a hospital between the years 2016 and 2018. An analysis was made that included C - reactive protein and fibrinogen levels, metabolic markers, extent of coronary atherosclerosis. Results: No positive correlation was found between the C - reactive protein and fibrinogen levels and the metabolic markers, nor with one, two, or three vessel disease (P=.829; P=.810). Conclusions: Although blood C-Reactive Protein and fibrinogen levels are associated with the rate of cardiovascular events, this study was unable to demonstrate whether there is a relationship between these and the severity of the coronary atherosclerosis.

Infarto de miocardio tras la administración de adrenalina intragingival ¿Una nueva causa de infarto agudo de miocardio sin enfermedad coronaria aterosclerótica obstructiva? / Myocardial infarction after intra-gingival administration of adrenaline. A new cause of myocardial infarction without obstructive coronary atherosclerosis?

Resumen Es frecuente la relación entre la adrenalina administrada por vía intramuscular y el desarrollo de cardiopatía isquémica. La adrenalina potencia las hemostasias primaria y secundaria -puede producir trombosis intracoronaria- y causa vasoconstricción transitoria arteriolar. Se presenta un caso clínico de una paciente que acudió a urgencias por dolor torácico pocas horas después de una intervención dentaria. En el estudio posterior se descubrió un infarto de miocardio por trombosis intracoronaria de la descendente anterior distal.

Abstract There is a relationship between adrenaline administered intramuscularly and the development of ischaemic heart disease. Adrenaline promotes primary and secondary haemostasis, which can produce a coronary thrombosis and cause a transient arteriolar vasoconstriction. A case is presented of a patient who was seen in the Emergency Department with chest pain a few hours after dental treatment. In the subsequent work-up, it was discovered that she had a myocardial infarction due to a coronary thrombosis of the left anterior distal artery.

Clinical Prognosis Associated With the Use of Overlapping Stents With Homogenous Versus Heterogeneous Pharmacological Characteristics for the Treatment of Diffuse Coronary Artery Disease.

BACKGROUND: The clinical impact of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and implantation of overlapping stents (OS) using platforms with the same versus different pharmacological characteristics is unknown. Our objective was to compare the outcomes of PCI with OS according to their pharmacological characteristics. METHODS: In this observational single-center registry, we included all PCI performed from April 2014 to December 2018 in which overlapping drug-eluting stents were implanted. Two groups were created according to whether the stents release the same drug [homogeneous: (HO)] or different [heterogeneous: (HE)]. The primary endpoint was the need for target lesion revascularization (TLR). Clinical assessment was performed after the procedure, bianually and at the end of follow-up (June 2019). RESULTS: 381 lesions with OS (HO: 209; HE: 172) were included (75.1% male, 66.7 ±â€¯11.6 years). Clinical presentation was stable coronary artery disease in 49.9%. Syntax score was 23.7 ±â€¯13.3. The number of OS implanted was 2.2 ±â€¯0.5 and the total stent length was 59.5 ±â€¯20.1 mm (HE: 61.5 ±â€¯21.6 vs. HO: 57.8 ±â€¯18.8 mm; p < 0.01). After a median follow-up of 21 months, the HE group showed a lower TLR rate than the HO group (HE:2.3% vs HO:7.2%; p = 0.03). The rates of cardiac death (p = 0.44), myocardial infarction (p = 0.36) and stent thrombosis (p = 0.85) were similar between groups. In the multivariate analysis, the OS with homogeneous-drug devices was an independent predictor of a higher rate of TLR. CONCLUSIONS: PCI using OS with homogeneous pharmacological characteristics was associated with a higher rate of TLR in comparison with the implantation of OS with heterogeneous pharmacological characteristics.

An Unusual Entity: Woven Coronary Artery Anomaly.

The recognition of woven coronary artery anomaly is difficult because of its rare nature. Optical coherence tomography imaging is challenging due to the tortuosity of the channels; however, it is crucial not only for the differential diagnosis but also to guide the treatment approach.

Medium-long term mortality and change in functional status in elderly patients with pacemaker.

Background: Nowadays, 49% of patients with pacemakers are older than 80 years old. Nevertheless, mortality and change in functional status after pacemaker implantation are not well documented in elderly patients. Objective: We designed a prospective study to analyze cardiovascular mortality and change in functional status of elderly patients, medium-long term after pacemaker implantation. Methods: Observational study including pacemaker implants in individual older than 70 years old in a single center university hospital between 2012 and 2014. Analysis testing for an association between pacemaker system, medium-long term mortality and functional status after implantation were undertaken. Results: 60% of patients were older than 80 years old. Third-degree atrio-ventricular block (44.3%) and slow ventricular response atrial fibrillation (16.7%) were the most frequent electrocardiogram abnormalities, while bicameral DDD was the sort of pacing our department used the most (38.6%) (VVI in octogenarian patients, 38.7%). Long-term mortality was significantly higher in ventricular devices, especially in octogenarian patients (p = 0.001 respectively). Single-chamber VVI pacing acted as independent predictors of all-cause mortality in these individuals (p = 0.001). We found no significant improvement in Barthel index and functional status in this subgroup of patients, 3 years after pacing. Conclusion: Long-term mortality in individuals older than 80 years old with pacemaker implantation, was significantly higher comparing with general population, especially in ventricular devices. No significant improvement in functional status was detected in this subgroup of patients.

Antecedentes: Aproximadamente un 49% de los implantes se efectúan a individuos mayores de 80 años; sin embargo, la evidencia científica sobre mortalidad y cambio en la situación funcional de estos pacientes es muy pobre. Objetivo: Diseñamos un estudio prospectivo para analizar la morbimortalidad cardiovascular y la variación de su grado funcional a medio plazo en pacientes ancianos con electroestimulación permanente. Método: Estudio observacional prospectivo, que incluye 308 pacientes ancianos sometidos a implante de marcapasos en un hospital terciario entre 2012 y 2014. Como variables principales se evaluaron eventos cardiovasculares, mortalidad y grado funcional, con una media de seguimiento de 3.5 años. Resultados: El 60% de los pacientes incluidos en nuestro estudio tenían una edad superior a 80 años, y la indicación más frecuente fue el bloqueo auriculoventricular completo (44.3%), seguido de la fibrilación auricular lenta o bloqueada (16.7%). El modo de estimulación más frecuente en la muestra general fue el DDD (38.6%) (VVI en pacientes octogenarios, 38.7%). En el seguimiento, la mortalidad a largo plazo fue mayor en dispositivos ventriculares, especialmente en octogenarios (p = 0.001). El modo de estimulación ventricular (VVI) fue predictor independiente de mortalidad. A largo plazo, no se observó mejoría del índice de Barthel ni del grado funcional tras el implante del marcapasos. Conclusiones: La morbimortalidad cardiovascular en pacientes octogenarios portadores de marcapasos resulta superior a la de la población general, especialmente en dispositivos monocamerales. La electroestimulación permanente no se asocia con mejoría del grado funcional a medio-largo plazo en estos pacientes.

Morbimortalidad cardiovascular y variación del grado funcional en pacientes ancianos portadores de marcapasos / Medium-long term mortality and change in functional status in elderly patients with pacemaker

Resumen Antecedentes: Aproximadamente un 49% de los implantes se efectúan a individuos mayores de 80 años; sin embargo, la evidencia científica sobre mortalidad y cambio en la situación funcional de estos pacientes es muy pobre. Objetivo: Diseñamos un estudio prospectivo para analizar la morbimortalidad cardiovascular y la variación de su grado funcional a medio plazo en pacientes ancianos con electroestimulación permanente. Método: Estudio observacional prospectivo, que incluye 308 pacientes ancianos sometidos a implante de marcapasos en un hospital terciario entre 2012 y 2014. Como variables principales se evaluaron eventos cardiovasculares, mortalidad y grado funcional, con una media de seguimiento de 3.5 años. Resultados: El 60% de los pacientes incluidos en nuestro estudio tenían una edad superior a 80 años, y la indicación más frecuente fue el bloqueo auriculoventricular completo (44.3%), seguido de la fibrilación auricular lenta o bloqueada (16.7%). El modo de estimulación más frecuente en la muestra general fue el DDD (38.6%) (VVI en pacientes octogenarios, 38.7%). En el seguimiento, la mortalidad a largo plazo fue mayor en dispositivos ventriculares, especialmente en octogenarios (p = 0.001). El modo de estimulación ventricular (VVI) fue predictor independiente de mortalidad. A largo plazo, no se observó mejoría del índice de Barthel ni del grado funcional tras el implante del marcapasos. Conclusiones: La morbimortalidad cardiovascular en pacientes octogenarios portadores de marcapasos resulta superior a la de la población general, especialmente en dispositivos monocamerales. La electroestimulación permanente no se asocia con mejoría del grado funcional a medio-largo plazo en estos pacientes.

Abstract Background: Nowadays, 49% of patients with pacemakers are older than 80 years old. Nevertheless, mortality and change in functional status after pacemaker implantation are not well documented in elderly patients. Objective: We designed a prospective study to analyze cardiovascular mortality and change in functional status of elderly patients, medium-long term after pacemaker implantation. Methods: Observational study including pacemaker implants in individual older than 70 years old in a single center university hospital between 2012 and 2014. Analysis testing for an association between pacemaker system, medium-long term mortality and functional status after implantation were undertaken. Results: 60% of patients were older than 80 years old. Third-degree atrio-ventricular block (44.3%) and slow ventricular response atrial fibrillation (16.7%) were the most frequent electrocardiogram abnormalities, while bicameral DDD was the sort of pacing our department used the most (38.6%) (VVI in octogenarian patients, 38.7%). Long-term mortality was significantly higher in ventricular devices, especially in octogenarian patients (p = 0.001 respectively). Single-chamber VVI pacing acted as independent predictors of all-cause mortality in these individuals (p = 0.001). We found no significant improvement in Barthel index and functional status in this subgroup of patients, 3 years after pacing. Conclusion: Long-term mortality in individuals older than 80 years old with pacemaker implantation, was significantly higher comparing with general population, especially in ventricular devices. No significant improvement in functional status was detected in this subgroup of patients.

Fluoroscopy-guided axillary vein access vs cephalic vein access in pacemaker and defibrillator implantation: Randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety.

INTRODUCTION: The most widespread venous sites of access for implantation intravenous implantable cardiac electronic device (CIED) are the cephalic and subclavian vein. Fluoroscopy-guided axillary venous access is an alternative, but efficacy and safety have not been studied under equal conditions. The aim of the present study is to compare the efficacy and safety of fluoroscopy-guided axillary vs cephalic vein access in CIED implant. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two hundred and forty patients were randomized to receive CIED implantation by the fluoroscopy-guided axillary vein access vs cephalic vein access. The implantation success, the procedure times and the complications were recorded. A comparison of the results of operators was made. The success rate of the randomized venous access was superior in the axillary group than in cephalic (98.3% vs 76.7%, P < .001). Time to access (6.8 ± 3.1 minute vs 13.1 ± 5.8 minutes, P < .001) and implantation duration was significantly shorter in the axillary group than in the cephalic group (42.3 ± 11.6 minutes vs 50.5 ± 13.3 minutes, P < .001). There was no difference in the incidence of complication and inter-operator success rate, complications rate and time to access. CONCLUSION: The fluoroscopy-guided axillary venous access is safe and has a better success rate and faster execution time compared with the cephalic vein access. When the results were compared among the study operators, neither in the axillary nor in the cephalic group there were differences in the success rate, the complication rate, and the time to access. TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03860090.

Afectación cardiopulmonar por citomegalovirus en individuos inmunocompetentes / Cardiopulmonary involvement due to cytomegalovirus in immunocompetent individuals

Resumen La infección por Citomegalovirus en adultos sanos suele cursar de forma asintomática o como un cuadro de mononucleosis. La afectación cardiopulmonar en individuos inmunocompetentes es infrecuente y se asocia a mal pronóstico. Su diagnóstico exige una elevada sospecha clínica. Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente joven que debutó con clínica de neumonía atípica y en el estudio posterior se descubrió miocardiopatía dilatada con disminución de la contractilidad miocárdica. La serología para citomegalovirus fue positiva y el paciente recibió terapia antiviral específica con excelente resultado.

Abstract Cytomegalovirus infection in healthy adults is usually asymptomatic or as signs and symptoms of a mononucleosis. Cardiopulmonary involvement in immunocompetent individuals is uncommon and is associated with a poor prognosis. Its diagnosis requires a high clinical suspicion. The case is presented of a young patient in whom the first clinical sign was an atypical pneumonia, and in the subsequent study a dilated cardiomyopathy with a decrease in myocardial contractility was discovered. The serology for cytomegalovirus was positive, and the patient received specific antiviral therapy, with an excellent outcome.

Medium-long-term mortality and change in functional status in elderly patients with pacemaker.

Background: Nowadays, 49% of patients with pacemakers are older than 80 years old. Nevertheless, mortality and change in functional status after pacemaker implantation are not well documented in elderly patients. Objective: We designed a prospective study to analyze the cardiovascular mortality and change in functional status of elderly patients, medium-long term after pacemaker implantation. Methods: An observational study including pacemaker implants in individual older than 70 years old in a single-center university hospital between 2012 and 2014. Analysis testing for an association between pacemaker system, medium-long-term mortality, and functional status after implantation was undertaken. Results: About 60% of patients were older than 80 years old. The third-degree atrioventricular blockage (44.3%) and slow ventricular response atrial fibrillation (16.7%) were the most frequent electrocardiogram abnormalities, while bicameral DDD was the sort of pacing our department used the most (38.6%) (VVI in octogenarian patients, 38.7%). Long-term mortality was significantly higher in ventricular devices, especially in octogenarian patients (p = 0.001). Single-chamber VVI pacing acted as independent predictors of all-cause mortality in these individuals (p = 0.001). We found no significant improvement in Barthel Index and functional status in this subgroup of patients, 3 years after pacing. Conclusions: Long-term mortality in individuals older than 80 years old with pacemaker implantation was significantly higher comparing with general population, especially in ventricular devices. No significant improvement in functional status was detected in this subgroup of patients.

Objetivo: Aproximadamente un 49% de los implantes se efectúan a individuos mayores de 80 años; sin embargo, la evidencia científica sobre mortalidad y cambio en la situación funcional de estos pacientes es muy pobre. Diseñamos un estudio prospectivo para analizar la morbimortalidad cardiovascular y la variación de su grado funcional a medio plazo en pacientes ancianos con electroestimulación permanente. Método: Estudio observacional prospectivo, que incluye 308 pacientes ancianos sometidos a implante de marcapasos en un hospital terciario entre 2012 y 2014. Como variables principales se evaluaron eventos cardiovasculares, mortalidad y grado funcional, con una media de seguimiento de 3.5 años. Resultados: El 60% de los pacientes incluidos en nuestro estudio tenían una edad superior a 80 años, y la indicación más frecuente fue el bloqueo auriculoventricular completo (44.3%), seguido de la fibrilación auricular lenta o bloqueada (16.7%). El modo de estimulación más frecuente fue el DDD (38.6%). En el seguimiento, la mortalidad a largo plazo fue mayor en dispositivos ventriculares, especialmente en octogenarios (p = 0.001). El modo de estimulación VVI fue predictor independiente de mortalidad. A largo plazo, no se observó mejoría del grado funcional tras el implante del marcapasos. Conclusiones: La morbimortalidad cardiovascular en pacientes octogenarios portadores de marcapasos resulta superior a la de la población general, especialmente en dispositivos monocamerales. La electroestimulación permanente no se asocia con mejoría del grado funcional a medio-largo plazo en estos pacientes.

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes Between Very Long Stents and Overlapping Stents for the Treatment of Diffuse Coronary Disease in Real Clinical Practice.

BACKGROUND: The stent length as well as the stent overlap for the percutaneous treatment of diffuse coronary disease have been considered predictors of adverse events. However, there are no comparative data on the use of very long stents or overlapping stents in this scenario. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical results of very long stents (≥40 mm) or overlapping stents in real clinical practice. METHODS: We included 643 lesions in 628 consecutive patients treated with a single very long stent (≥40 mm) (251 lesions) or ≥2 overlapped stents (392 lesions). We analyzed the procedural characteristics and the presentation of the combined endpoint [cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, need for target lesion revascularization or stent thrombosis] after a follow-up of 20 months. RESULTS: Total stent length was 54 ±â€¯18 mm and minimum diameter was 2.9 ±â€¯1.2 mm. At the end of follow-up, the rate of adverse events was 8.3% (cardiac death: 4.9%, myocardial infarction: 1.7%, target lesion revascularization: 3.1%, stent thrombosis: 0.7%). There were no significant differences between both groups in the presentation of the combined endpoint. Procedures with overlapping stents had more contrast volume (309 ±â€¯115 vs 273 ±â€¯127 ml; p = 0.002), longer duration (47 ±â€¯22 vs 39 ±â€¯18 min; p < 0.0001), higher fluoroscopy time (20 ±â€¯13 vs 16 ±â€¯9 min; p < 0.0001) and higher number of stents to treat the index lesion (2.2 ±â€¯0.5 vs 1; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: New designs of very long stents allow not only treating increasingly complex lesions, but also simplifying the procedure and decreasing the number of stents with very favorable results similar to those obtained with stent overlap.