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Persistence of fetal memory into neonatal life.

OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that fetal memory persists into the neonatal period. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-one newborns that had been repeatedly stimulated by using fetal vibroacoustic stimulation were compared with 31 controls. The same vibroacoustic stimulator was used for both fetal and neonatal stimulation tests. For the neonatal test the stimulus was applied against the mastoid of the newborn with the interposition of a specifically designed solid-liquid interface to simulate intrauterine conditions. Student's t-test was used. RESULTS: Neonatal habituation rate (the number of consecutive stimuli applied before a baby stopped responding) was significantly higher in those newborns who had not participate in the fetal habituation study (7.0+/-5.4 stimuli) than in those who had (4.1+/-4.1 stimuli), p=0.01. CONCLUSIONS: Newborns who were stimulated in utero habituated earlier than those who had not previously experienced the stimulation. These results suggest that fetal memory persists into neonatal life.

[Indications for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy: consensus document by the Spanish Society of ORL and the Spanish Society of Pediatrics]. / Indicaciones de adenoidectomía y Amigdalectomia: Documento de Consenso entre la sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y patología Cervicofacial y la Asociación Española de pediatría.

Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are probably the commonest surgeries performed in the ENT field as well as the most controversial ones. There are very few consensus documents available for these two surgeries. In 1997 a document written by the two mentioned Societies was published, in order to update such document regarding tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy procedures we have met this year representatives from both scientific societies and a new document has been elaborated. We describe the diagnostic criteria of pharyngo-tonsillitis and adenoiditis as well as of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, with the aim of a better comprehension of these processes when a decision needs to be made regarding surgery. Indications and contraindications of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are here described.

Indicaciones de adenoidectomía y amigdalectomía: Documento de Consenso entre la Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Patología Cervicofacial y la Asociación Española de Pediatría / Indications for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy: consensus document by the Spanish Society of ORL and the Spanish Society of Pediatrics

La Amigdalectomía y la Adenoidectomía representan posiblemente las cirugías más frecuentes dentro de la ORL, así como las más controvertidas. Es difícil encontrar documentos de consenso sobre indicaciones para estas cirugías. En el año 1997, se publicó un artículo de indicaciones de Amigdalectomía y Adenoidectomía en niños y adolescentes, consensuado entre la Sociedades Españolas de O.R.L. y la Asociación Española de Pediatría. Con el fin de actualizar este consenso se han reunido de nuevo representantes de ambas Sociedades Científicas para redactar un nuevo documento. Se describen las valoraciones de los criterios diagnósticos de las faringoamigdalitis y adenoiditis, así como el síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño; con el objetivo de una mejor compresión de estos procesos a la hora de indicar la cirugía. Se exponen las indicaciones y contraindicaciones de la Amigdalectomía y Adenoidectomía

Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are probably the commonest surgeries performed in the ENT field as well as the most controversial ones. There are very few consensus documents available for these two surgeries. In 1997 a document written by the two mentioned Societies was published, in order to update such document regarding tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy procedures we have met this year representatives from both scientific societies and a new document has been elaborated. We describe the diagnostic criteria of pharyngo-tonsillitis and adenoiditis as well as of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, with the aim of a better comprehension of these processes when a decision needs to be made regarding surgery. Indications and contraindications of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are here described

Valoración de la electroneurografía como método pronóstico en la evolución de la parálisis facial periférica / Evaluation of electroneurography as a prognostic method in the development of peripheral facial paralysis

La electroneurografía (EnoG) es una herramienta utilizada como método de valoración pronóstica en la parálisis facial periférica. Creemos que cuando se realiza en condiciones estandarizadas y se asocia al enjuiciamiento clínico evolutivo del paciente es adecuada para indicarnos el momento crítico en el que se debe plantear utilizar una modalidad de tratamiento más radical. Nuestro estudio se realiza en 44 pacientes de los que 13 presentaban denervación fibrilar superior al 90 por ciento. Una mala recuperación clínica nos lleva a realizar descompresión quirúrgica del nervio facial en 5 pacientes con restitución a la normalidad en tres de ellos (AU)

Electroneurography (EnoG) is a prognostic test used in the assessment of the peripheral facial nerve paralysis. We believe that when performed in standard conditions and together with the clinical evolutive parameters, it is very useful to reveal the critical time for a more radical treatment. We studied 44 patients; 13 patients had greater than 90% neural degeneration on EnoG. 5 of them underwent facial nerve surgical decompression due to a poor clinical outcome and up to three of these patients had a normal facial function after this (AU)

[Aural polyp in chronic inflammatory middle ear disease]. / El pólipo aural en la patología inflamatoria crónica del oído medio.

240 patients with chronic otitis media (COM) were studied: 166 ears termed as non cholesteatomatous otitis media and 74 with cholesteatoma. In 38 ears an aural polyp was found with no evidence of cholesteatoma in 19 ears (11.4%) whereas a cholesteatoma was present in the remaining 19 ears. The histology of the polyp and the characteristics of the chronic process were matched: a) The aural polyp is an infrequent complication in COM. b) After histological analysis was found to present two different pictures: The inflammatory reaction polyp, present in non cholesteatomatous COM; and the polyp with granulation tissue and foreign body reaction (keratina) usually found in cholesteatomatous COM. c) The finding of granulation tissue reaction and keratina in an aural polyp is a good predictor for the presence of a cholesteatoma.

El pólipo aural en la patología inflamatoria crónica del oído medio / Aural polyp in chronic inflammatory middle ear disease

Se estudian 240 pacientes que presentaron una otitis media crónica, de los cuales 166 fueron diagnosticados como "no colesteatomatosa" y 74 como "colesteatomatosa". En 38 casos (15,8 por ciento) existía un pólipo aural, de los cuales en 19 casos (11,4 por ciento) coincidía con una OMC no colesteatomatosa y en 19 casos (25,7 por ciento), con una OMC colesteatomatosa. Se realiza el estudio histopatológico del pólipo y su relación con la patología inflamatoria de oído medio, llegándose a las conclusiones siguientes: a) el pólipo aural es una complicación poco frecuente (15,8 por ciento) de la otitis media crónica; b) el pólipo aural diagnosticado histopatológicamente como "inflamatorio" se presenta predominantemente en la OMC no colesteatomatosa (72,3 por ciento); c) el pólipo aural diagnosticado histopatológicamente como "tejido de granulación y reacción a cuerpo extraño (material queratínico)" se presenta predominantemente en la OMC colesteatomarosa (68,4 por ciento); d) la presencia de un pólipo diagnosticado histopatológicamente como " tejido de granulación y reacción a cuerpo extraño (material queratínico)" es predictivo de una OMC colesteatomatosa aunque no patognomónico de ella. (AU)

240 patients with chronic otitis media (COM) were studied: 166 ears termed as non cholesteatomatous otitis media and 74 with cholesteatoma. In 38 ears an aural polyp was found with no evidence of cholesteatoma in 19 ears (11.4%) whereas a cholesteatoma was present in the remaining 19 ears. The histology of the polyp and the characteristics of the chronic process were matched: a) The aural polyp is an infrequent complication in COM. b) After histological analysis was found to present two different pictures: The inflammatory reaction polyp, present in non cholesteatomatous COM; and the polyp with granulation tissue and foreign body reaction (keratina) usually found in cholesteatomatous COM. c) The finding of granulation tissue reaction and keratina in an aural polyp is a good predictor for the presence of a cholesteatoma (AU)

[Evaluation of electroneurography as a prognostic method in the development of peripheral facial paralysis]. / Valoración de la electroneurografía como método pronóstico en la evolución de la parálisis facial periférica.

Electroneurography (EnoG) is a prognostic test used in the assessment of the peripheral facial nerve paralysis. We believe that when performed in standard conditions and together with the clinical evolutive parameters, it is very useful to reveal the critical time for a more radical treatment. We studied 44 patients; 13 patients had greater than 90% neural degeneration on EnoG. 5 of them underwent facial nerve surgical decompression due to a poor clinical outcome and up to three of these patients had a normal facial function after this.

Repercusión sobre la mucosa nasal y sistémica del uso tópico y prolongado de la Budesonide en pacientes con rinitis alérgica perenne / Repercussion on the nasal and systemic mucosa of the topical and prolonged use of budesonide in perennial allergic rhinitis patients

En un estudio prospectivo, se determinó la concentración plasmática de cortisol a las 9.00 horas y se realizó estudio histopatológico de especímenes biópsicos tomados en el comete inferior a 40 pacientes diagnosticados de rinitis alérgica perenne y que habían sido sometidos a tratamiento tópico con Budesonide durante meses o años. En. un solo paciente se observó elevación del nivel del cortisol plasmático y no cambios significativos fueron observados en el estudio histopatológico. Estos hallazgos sugieren que el uso tópico de Budesonide durante largo tiempo no afecta la morfología de la mucosa nasal ni tiene repercusión sistémica significativa (AU)

In a prospective study, measurement of a 9.00 a.m. basal serum cortisol and biopsies of the inferior turbinate mucosa were taken from 40 patients using topical nasal corticosteroid (Budesonide) continuously for month or years. No systemic adverse effects and no histopathological changes of significance were found. These findings do no suggest that topically corticosteroids are harmful to the nasal mucosa and no produce systemic effects (AU)

[Lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the larynx. Report of 2 cases]. / Carcinoma linfoepitelial de laringe. A propósito de dos casos.

Laryngeal lymphoepithelioma is a rare tumor (16 cases in the literature). It is an association of undifferentiated, non-keratinizing cells and normal lymphocytes and plasma cells. The Epstein-Barr virus is rarely found. To determine the actual nature of the tumor, a complete histochemical workup and/or electron microscopy often are needed. Cervical lymph node involvement is common. We report the cases of two men. In one patient, the tumor was located in the glossoepiglottic fold and in the other it was located in the left ventricule and false vocal cord. EB virus was absent in both cases. Cervical lymph node metastases were found, but not distant metastases. One patient was treated by irradiation and the second underwent surgery (supraglottic laryngectomy and cervical dissection) and was referred to radiotherapy for further treatment.

[Intranasal meningoencephalocele. A case report]. / Meningoencefalocele intranasal. A propósito de un caso.

Intranasal meningoencephaloceles are rare. The tumor's appearance may suggest the diagnosis of a nasal polyp or glioma. This may lead to an inappropriate surgical approach and serious neurological complications. We report the case of an intranasal meningoencephalocele initially treated as a nasal polyp and complicated by nasal leakage of cerebrospinal fluid. The differential diagnosis of the tumor using CT and MRI and surgical treatment are described.

Meningoencefalocele intranasal. A propósito de un caso / Intranasal meningoencephalocele. A case report

El meningoencefalocele, a nivel vasal nasal, es raro de encontrar en la clínica diaria fundamentalmente en la edad adulta, siendo su presencia confundida, en muchas ocasiones, con un pólipo nasal. Ello conduce a actitudes terapéuticas inapropiadas que originan complicaciones neurológicas generalmente graves. Se presenta un caso donde se dieron las circunstancias descritas apareciendo como complicación neurológica licuorea. Se exponen las medidas exploratorias que deben realizarse para su diagnóstico diferencial, haciendo hincapié en la importancia del TAC y RMN, así como el proceder quirúrgico realizado siendo su resultado satisfactorio (AU)

Intranasal meningoencephaloceles are rare. The tumor's appearance may suggest the diagnosis of a nasal polyp or glioma. This may lead to an inappropriate surgical approach and serious neurological complications. We report the case of an intranasal meningoencephalocele initially treated as a nasal polyp and complicated by nasal leakage of cerebrospinal fluid. The differential diagnosis of the tumor using CT and MRI and surgical treatment are described (AU)

Carcinoma linfoepitelial de laringe. A propósito de dos casos / Lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the larynx. A report of two cases

El carcinoma linfoepitelial de laringe es una tumoración rara (16 casos encontrados en la bibliografía consultada), formada por células no queratinizadas pobremente diferenciadas, entremezcladas con linfocitos y células plasmáticas de aspecto normal, donde la presencia del virus de Epstein-Barr es excepcional. Su diagnóstico histopatológico generalmente requiere estudio histoquímico, e incluso examen con microscopia electrónica. Es muy frecuente la presencia de metástasis a nivel ganglionar cervical. Se presentan dos casos, de sexo masculino, que padecían tumoración uno a nivel de hemilaringe izquierda y otro en espacio glosoepiglótico. En ambos casos el diagnóstico histopatológico fue de linfoepitelioma de laringe, el estudio serológico del virus de Epstein-Barr fue negativo, y presentaban metástasis en ambas cadenas ganglionares cervicales, siendo el estudio de extensión negativo. Un paciente fue sometido a tratamiento quirúrgico tanto de su lesión como de la extensión ganglionar (laringuectomía horizontal supraglótica y vaciamiento ganglionar cervical bilateral) y radioterapia posquirúrgica, mientras que al otro se le sometió únicamente a radioterapia (AU)

Laryngeal lymphoepithelioma is a rare tumor (16 cases in the literature). It is an association of undifferentiated, non-keratinizing cells and normal lymphocytes and plasma cells. The Epstein-Barr virus is rarely found. To determine the actual nature of the tumor, a complete histochemical workup and/or electron microscopy often are needed. Cervical lymph node involvement is common. We report the cases of two men. In one patient, the tumor was located in the glossoepiglottic fold and in the other it was located in the left ventricule and false vocal cord. EB virus was absent in both cases. Cervical lymph node metastases were found, but not distant metastases. One patient was treated by irradiation and the second underwent surgery (supraglottic laryngectomy and cervical dissection) and was referred to radiotherapy for further treatment (AU)

[Nasal mucosa and systemic repercussion of the topical and prolonged use of budesonide in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis]. / Repercusión sobre la mucosa nasal y sistémica del uso tópico y prolongado de la Budesonide en pacientes con rinitis alérgica perenne.

In a prospective study, measurement of a 9.00 a.m. basal serum cortisol and biopsies of the inferior turbinate mucosa were taken from 40 patients using topical nasal corticosteroid (Budesonide) continuously for month or years. No systemic adverse effects and no histopathological changes of significance were found. These findings do no suggest that topically corticosteroids are harmful to the nasal mucosa and no produce systemic effects.

[Polyps, nodules, and Reinke edema. An epidemiological and histopathological study]. / Pólipo, nódulo y edema de Reinke. Estudio epidemiológico e histopatológico.

A retrospective epidemiological and histopathological review was made of 258 patients. Forty had laryngeal polyps, 35 vocal fold nodules, and 41 Reinke edema. One hundred forty-two records were excluded for lack of epidemiological or histopathological data. No dysplastic changes were observed in nodules or polyps. One patient with edema had mild dysplasia. The epidemiological data showed that voice abuse or misuse was the main factor in patients with vocal fold nodules; smoking was the main factor in polyps and edema.

[Facial nerve anomaly. A morphohistological study. Apropos a case]. / Anomalía del nervio facial. Estudio morfohistológico. A propósito de un caso.

A malformation of the facial nerve in the temporal bone of an otherwise normal adult is reported. The abnormality consisted in the facial nerve obstructing the oval window in the second part of its intrapetrosal section.

[A new case of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia and cytogenetic study]. / Un nuevo caso de displasia fibrosa craneo-facial con estudio citogenético.

Fibrous dysplasia is an uncommon condition, which most obvious expression is the disorder of the osseous tissue setting up. Craniofacial bones are preferential sitting targets. We report a new case, in a 14-year-old boy, whose cytogenetic study neither in peripheral blood nor in tumor cells showed significantly differences.

Histological structure of the vocal fold in the human larynx.

Histological analysis of the human vocal folds, focused particularly on the lamina propria of the vocal muscle of fetuses, infants, and adults in horizontal laryngeal sections, allowed us to show the differences in morphology and composition according to the laryngeal development. Our results indicate that the origin of the vocal fold is independent of the origin of the other portions of the larynx, and the influence of the zone known as macula flava in the maturation of the vocal fold is an age-related process.

[DNA papillomavirus detection in head and neck benign proliferative lesions]. / Detección de dna papilomavirus en lesiones proliferativas benignas de cabeza y cuello

In a retrospective study, human papillomavirus (HPV) (6/11, 16 and 18 types) were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in stored formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections, from 36 head and neck adult papillomata. The results, only 20 percent of positive cases, are non consistent with the role of the HPV infection in the etiology of head and neck papillomata in adult patients. However we detect HPV-18 positivity in papillomata with dysplasia.

Neochondrogenesis in the septal area after submucous cartilaginous resection.

The present work was carried out to study cartilaginous repair after subperichondrial resection of the septal cartilage, the fibrous layer of the perichondrium remaining "in situ". In these conditions, after granulation tissue formation, both neochondrogenesis and connective tissue differentiation were observed. Neochondrogenesis was found in defect areas next to the resection borders, and connective tissue formation in those further away. The transition zone between both types of newly-formed tissues showed cells with intermediate characteristics of chondrocytes and myofibroblasts. The findings provide safer proof that new chondrocytes and fibroblasts growing after septal cartilage removal originate largely from a common precursor cell either in the fibrous perichondrial layer or in the connective tissue surrounding it. The peculiar topographic distribution of the newly-formed tissues may be explained by the different effects during respiration of mechanical forces on the septal space, which lacks its cartilaginous support, and on the adjacent remaining cartilage, as well as on the borders of both.