Treatment with aromatase inhibitors and markers of cardiovascular disease.

PURPOSE: The cardiovascular effects of estrogen deprivation induced by aromatase inhibitors are unknown. We carried out a cross-sectional study to evaluate the effect of estrogen deprivation induced by aromatase inhibitors on markers of cardiovascular risk. METHODS: We enrolled 410 postmenopausal women: 200 consecutive breast cancer patients treated with aromatase inhibitors for a median of 53 months (range 23-122) and 210 volunteer controls. Carotid intima-media thickness, presence of carotid stenosis, and presence of abdominal aortic aneurism were evaluated through an ultrasound examination. RESULTS: Average carotid intima-media thickness was 0.97 ± 0.02 mm and 1.08 ± 0.02 mm for breast cancer group and control group, respectively (p < 0.005). The incidence of carotid stenosis in the two groups was similar: 24.2 % in the breast cancer group and 28.6 % in the control group (OR 0.80; 95 % CI 0.51-1.25; p = 0.32). No aneurismatic dilatation of the aorta was recorded. Average abdominal aortic diameter was 14.9 ± 2.4 mm in the breast cancer group and 15.0 ± 2.4 mm in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed no association between treatment with aromatase inhibitors for five or less years and increased carotid intima-media thickness and higher prevalence of carotid stenosis or abdominal aortic aneurism. The lack of impact on these markers suggests that cardiovascular risk is not increased by treatment with aromatase inhibitors.

In Vitro Evaluation of Upstream and Downstream Influences on Blood Pressure of the Hybrid Treatment of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms.

BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to assess, by means of an experimental model, whether different geometries in retrograde bypass and stent-graft deployment may affect upstream and downstream blood pressure in hybrid treatment. METHODS: An in vitro model of the arterial circulation has been prepared, which consists of a peristaltic pump, silicon tubes with geometrical and mechanical properties close to realistic arteries, a terminal reservoir kept at constant pressure, and a sequence of pressure transducers. The system allows us to study the pressure wave propagation in physiological conditions and simulate the patient's conditions as a result of debranching in 2 different configurations. RESULTS: In configuration 1, the mean pressure value (Kpa) was 4.72 in silicone tube before stent graft and debranching, 4.59 in visceral and renal bypass, and 4.38 in silicone tube after stent graft and debranching. In configuration 2, the mean pressure value (Kpa) was 5.22 in silicone tube before stent graft and debranching, 4.48 in visceral and renal bypass, and 4.99 in silicone tube after stent graft and debranching. CONCLUSION: The experimental data suggest that the debranching geometry and the material of the grafts and stent grafts change significantly the physiological arterial pressure possibly leading to an augmented pressure upstream of the stent grafts, owing to retrograde pressure waves toward the heart, and a decreased pressure downstream visceral and renal arteries.

Spontaneous iliac artery dissection treated with a combination of covered and self-expandable stents to preserve hypogastric patency.

A 56-year-old man presented with abdominal pain in the left lower quadrant. Computed tomography angiography showed the presence of an iliac axis dissection. Two Viabahn (W. L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, Ariz) covered stents were placed, starting from the beginning of the left common iliac artery to the iliac bifurcation, closing the proximal dissection tear in the left common iliac artery. A self-expandable EverFlex stent (EV3-Covidien, Plymouth, Minn) was then placed, bridging the covered stent and the left external iliac artery, covering the re-entry tear. There were no postoperative complications. During follow-up, we observed a progressive and complete thrombosis of the false lumen in 12 months.

A true giant aneurysm of the anterior tibial artery.

Aneurysms of the anterior tibial artery are rare. We will describe a case of a woman with an asymptomatic true aneurysm of the anterior tibial artery. The patient presented with a pulsatile mass in the lateral face of the distal portion of the left leg, and both ultrasound examination and computed tomography angiography scan showed a giant aneurysm of the anterior tibial artery. We chose open treatment.