[Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder in CT]. / Die Adenomyomatose der Gallenblase im CT.

The computed tomographic findings of adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder are described in nine patients, including all main types of this disease. Diagnosis was confirmed by typical cholecystographic findings in all cases, as well as by histological evaluation in three cases. Only in the fundal type were the intramural diverticula well visualized on CT. Although in the other types the Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses were not clearly shown by CT, when performed without application of a cholegraphic agent, the computed tomographic findings nevertheless appeared to be characteristic. In the area involved, layering of the thickened gallbladder wall, associated with irregular ill-defined borders of the inner layer, appears to be typical. Visualization of these findings was improved following enhancement by intravenous contrast media.

[Skeletal side effects of treatment with prostaglandin E1]. / Nebenwirkungen am Skelettsystem bei Behandlung mit Prostaglandin E.

The effects on the skeleton of the treatment of childhood ductus with prostaglandin E1 and E2 are described. Prolonged prostaglandin therapy leads to cortical hyperostosis of the diaphyses of long tubular bones, ribs, scapulae, and clavicles. There is also delay in ossification of the skull vault and widening of the sutures. After cessation of treatment, cortical hyperostosis in the long bones remains, whereas the widening of the skull sutures regresses completely.

[Therapy of intestinal bleeding by the intra-arterial injection of a synthetic vasopressin derivative]. / Therapie der intestinalen Blutung mit intraarterieller Injektion eines synthetischen Vasopressinderivates.

The synthetic drug Ornipressin was injected through a 3-French catheter introduced into the superior or inferior mesenteric artery by a coaxial method in nine patients with massive bleeding from the colon. In all patients the bleeding was stopped. In one female patient with a tumour, bleeding recurred, but was stopped by embolisation treatment. There were no complications needing treatment. As a method of treatment for bleeding from diverticula, the following procedure is recommended: an attempt should be made to stop bleeding by injecting vasopressin, or one of its derivatives and the use of a 3-French catheter by a co-axial method is advantageous. If vasopressin is contra-indicated, or is unsuccessful, catheter embolisation is recommended.

[Radiological findings in bilharziasis of the urinary tract]. / Radiologische Befunde bei der Bilharziose des Harntraktes.

Bilharzia of the urinary tract has characteristic radiological changes; because of the increase in this disease, it is important to be familiar with these. The typical changes are demonstrated in six patients and could be seen on abdominal films, tomography of the pelvis, excretion urography and computed tomography. The paper is supplemented by a description of the area in which the disease is endemic.

[Typical skeletal changes in metastatic neuroblastoma]. / Typische Skelettveränderungen des metastasierten Neuroblastoms.

Compared with other solid tumours in childhood, neuroblastomas show a marked tendency to metastasise to the skeleton. The differentiation of these lesions from inflammatory and other malignant bone lesions in this age group is often difficult. The radiological findings in ten patients with metastasising and histologically confirmed neuroblastomas have been reviewed and the typical appearances in the skeleton are described. The most important features in the differential diagnosis are discussed and the significance of bone changes in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma have been evaluated.

[Visualization of the fine relief of the colon]. / Untersuchungen zur Darstellbarkeit des Kolonfeinreliefs.

The possibility of visualizing the fine relief of the colon was examined by studying human intestinal segments removed post mortem. The visualization depends, among other things, on the extent of expansion of the colon wall. The visualization of the fine relief structure becomes progressively poorer, the greater the extension of the wall. This might indicate that fold formation of the mucosa through a state of contraction of the tunica mucosa is one of the responsible factors for the visualization of the fine relief structures. The article discusses, apart from this factor, the course of the vessels as an anatomical basic pattern determining the manifestation of the fine relief structure; for this purpose, the course of the vessels in the intestine of the dog was visualized by intra-arterial contrast medium injection and then compared with the human fine relief.

[Late results in fallopian tubes studies on the Bleier clip]. / Spätergebnisse bei der Tubenuntersuchung mit dem Bleier-Clip.

We report on 243 patients with sterilisation by the Bleier Clip. 234 patients were operated by coeliotomia posterior. 9 cases were sterilized in combination with Caesarean section. In 4 of 243 women we observed pregnancies during the follow-up period (failure rate = 16%). The mean time of the 4 conceptions after operation was 43 months. This result shows that the primary cause was not the operation technique but the systemic failure of the Bleier Clip. In cases with controls by hysterosalpingography all Fallopian tubes were occluded, 84% together with a sactosalpinx.

[Movements of the pylorus and its neighboring segments]. / Bewegungsabläufe des Pylorus und seiner angrenzenden Segmente.

An attempt has been made, by using a combined radiological-manometric technique, to study the co-ordination of the movements of the pylorus and its neighbouring segments in man. Radiological examination was carried out by fluoroscopy with video tape recording and pressure measurements by three point manometry. From these combined techniques the following results were obtained: the pylorus is not a digestive sphincter; isolated contractions of the pylorus without previous contraction of the neighbouring segments do not occur; two types of contractions occur in the prepyloric segment, leading to different behaviour of the pylorus; in the duodenal bulb there are contractions independent from antral movements also leading to a variable behaviour of the pylorus; following pentagastrin injection, the regular contractions of the pyloric canal become more rhythmical.

[Congenital left-sided pericardial defects (author's transl)]. / Die angeborene linksseitige Perikardaplasie.

Left-sided pericardial defects appear to be more common than is generally thought. Five such patients have been seen in the last two years. The typical findings on x-ray, CT and cardiac ultrasound are described. Proof of the condition is the increased mobility of the left cardiac contour and of its dorsal margin as shown by left and right decubitus films, by films of the supine patient taken with a horizontal beam, fluoroscopy in inspiration and expiration and computer tomography of the heart in left and right decubitus position. Recognition of the anomaly is of importance, since it may spare the patient surgical treatment.

[Mucosal relief patterns in the colon (author's transl)]. / Die verschiedenen Feinreliefformen des Kolons.

Various types of mucosal relief patterns in the colon were classified on the basis of 270 double contrast examinations. Ten patterns were distinguished. In about 60% of examinations a normal pattern could be recognised, consisting of fine linear or reticular shadows. All other patterns depend on a substrate of morphological changes, which may result from surgical anastomoses, from stenoses or from inflammatory changes.

[Comparative scintigraphic and roentgenological examinations of the lung in various stages of silicosis (author's transl)]. / Vergleichende szintigraphische und röntgenologische Untersuchungen der Lunge in den verschiedenen Stadien der Silikose.

In 84 patients with silicosis of various stages, a semi-quantitative topographical measurement of perfusion of the lung was performed with radionuclide albumin particles. At the same time, the scintigram of the lungs and x-ray films of the thorax were compared with each other. With increasing degree of severity of the silicosis, redistribution of the pulmonary blood flow was seen. The blood flow on the left side increases to the detriment of the right side until an approximate balance between the perfusion of both lungs is attained. With reference to the four quadrants, the greatest drop in perfusion occurs in the right upper quadrant, associated with the simultaneous greatest relative increase in the left upper quadrant. X-ray film of the thorax and scintigram pointed to a stronger and earlier silicosis affection of the right lung than of the left one.

[Micromucosal pattern in the stomach and colon--comparative study (author's transl)]. / Feinreliefbefunde am Magen und Kolon.

The various findings of the mucosal pattern in the stomach and in the colon are systematically presented and compared. It is remarkable that there are similar findings in the two different organs of the gastrointestinal tract. Five different relief patterns are described. Regarding the differential diagnosis and the possible therapeutical application, two forms are of special interest: one is the erosion-like pattern in the early stages of granulomatous colitis and secondly the granular mucosal pattern in the early ulcerative colitis.

[Changes in the mucosal pattern of the colon in the early stages of ulcerative and granulomatous colitis (author's transl)]. / Feinreliefveränderungen des Kolons im Frühstadium der Colitis ulcerosa und Colitis granulomatosa.

By paying attention to the detailed relief pattern of the colonic mucosa on double contrast films, it is possible to recognise the early changes due to inflammatory colonic disease. The presence of a granular appearance suggests an early stage of ulcerative colitis; multiple small flecks of contrast, sometimes surrounded by a clear area, indicate aphthous ulcers in an early stage of Crohn's disease.

Clinical experience with infusion cholegraphy using iotroxamide (Biliscopin ) (author's transl). / Klinische Erfahrungen bei der Infusionscholegraphie mit Iotroxamid (Biliscopin).

Forty-three cholangio-cholecystographies were carried out with iotroxamide. A the same time, the behavior of various serum enzymes was controlled. Iotroxamide satisfactorily demonstrated the biliary tract for the diagnosis in 37 of our patients (86.5%). Only an inadequate or incomplete evaluation was possible for 6 of our patients (13.5%). Due to the pharmacokinetic characteristics of iotroximide, the time-density ratio is very favorable. As a result, the contrast radiograph of the biliary tract including the gallbladder was available for evaluation as early as 30 minutes after the infusion and almost always within 60 minutes. Minor subjective side effects were observed in only 4 cases. With the exception of 2 cases with obstructed bile flow, the serum-enzyme level was not significantly altered after administration of the contrast medium.