RESUMO
We studied the ability of the polyphenolic complex from Maackia amurensis, the active substance of Maksar, to inhibit the cytopathogenic effect induced by the SARS-CoV-2 and to reduce the concentration of viral RNA in infected Vero E6 cells. Polyphenolic complex showed significant anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity and effectively inhibited viral replication by direct action on viral particles and the early stage of viral infection.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Animais , Chlorocebus aethiops , Maackia , Células Vero , Replicação Viral , Antivirais/farmacologiaRESUMO
Adjuvant activity of fucoidans in experimental vaccine compositions with ovalbumin was studied on a mouse model. Compositions with sulfated polysaccharides from brown alga Fucus evanescens (native fucoidan in combination with polyphenols, and a product of fucoidan enzymatic hydrolysis) induced multiple productions of antigen-specific antibodies - total IgG, its isotypes IgG1 and, especially, IgG2a, in comparison with an individual ovalbumin. The adjuvant effect of native and structurally modified fucoidans is slightly inferior to that of the traditional licensed aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. The results indicate the prospects of using sulfated polysaccharides from F. evanescens as adjuvants in vaccines.
Assuntos
Imunidade Humoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovalbumina/imunologia , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Animais , Fucus/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB CRESUMO
The effect of sulfated polysaccharide from brown alga Fucus evanescens (fucoidan) administered via different routes (peroral and parenteral) on the dynamic of some lipid metabolism parameters and markers of systemic inflammation in mice with experimental dyslipidemia induced by prolonged administration of poloxamer P-407. It was found that fucoidan corrected the main parameters of lipid metabolism, reduced the level of endothelial dysfunction marker endothelin-1 and proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IFNγ in blood serum in animals with experimental dyslipidemia. These findings open prospects for using fucoidan in the complex treatment of metabolic disorders and atherosclerotic inflammation.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Dislipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Fucus/química , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , VLDL-Colesterol/sangue , Dislipidemias/induzido quimicamente , Dislipidemias/genética , Dislipidemias/imunologia , Endotelina-1/genética , Endotelina-1/imunologia , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Interferon gama/genética , Interferon gama/imunologia , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/genética , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Poloxâmero/administração & dosagem , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologiaRESUMO
The review article presents the characteristics of the main adjuvant groups (mineral salts of aluminum, synthetic squalenebased adjuvants - MF59 and AS03, CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides, virosomes, polyoxidonium, sovidone) included in the licensed influenza vaccine. The main mechanisms of adjuvant action, advantages and disadvantages of these adjuvants are shown. The vaccines adjuvants in the phase of experimental studies and clinical trials (ISCOMs, Advax™, chitosan) are described too. Particular attention is paid to sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidans) from marine brown algae as vaccine adjuvants. Numerous results of their application in compositions of experimental vaccines are presented. The prospects of sulfated polysaccharides using in the design of influenza vaccines are estimated. These prospects are determined by high biocompatibility, low toxicity and good tolerance of the human body to fucoidans, as well as mechanisms of their adjuvant activity. Sulfated polysaccharides are agonists of toll-like receptors of innate immunity cells and powerful inducers of the cellular and humoral immune response, which is important for the development of influenza vaccines. The review is based on the information presented in the bibliographic and abstract databases of scientific publications, search engines and publishers: RSCI, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer Nature, Elsevier and others.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Vacinas contra Influenza , Phaeophyceae/química , Polissacarídeos , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/química , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Imunidade Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunidade Humoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Vacinas contra Influenza/química , Vacinas contra Influenza/imunologia , Vacinas contra Influenza/uso terapêutico , Influenza Humana/imunologia , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The use of sulfated polysaccharides from brown seaweed Fucus evanescens as adjuvants (native fucoidan in combination with polyphenols, fucoidan without polyphenols, a product of enzymatic hydrolysis of fucoidan) stimulated the formation of specific antibodies to the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBs-AG). Immunization of mice with vaccine compositions containing HBs-AG and fucoidan samples resulted in increasing the serum level of the pro-inflammatory (TNF-a, IFN-g, IL-2) cytokines. Increased production of these cytokines was detected in the culture of splenocytes additionally stimulated in vitro by fucoidans or phytohemagglutinin. The adjuvant effect of fucoidan and its structural modifications was comparable to that of the traditional licensed adjuvant aluminum hydroxide. The obtained results indicate a promising use of sulfated polysaccharides from F. evanescens as vaccine adjuvants.
