[The Mortality from External Causes in Individuals of Risk Group].

The article deals with the problem of mortality from external causes among the officers of the penitentiary system of the Russian Federation, who by virtue of their official duties, are in high-risk situations. The purpose of the analysis was to identify specific features and identify the main determinants of suicides and circumstances that led to the death of the officers of the penitentiary system in 2017 with the subsequent development of recommendations for optimizing the prevention of these adverse events. Such a study was conducted for the first time among the staff of the penitentiary system. Analysis of investigation materials on the deaths of officers from external causes shows that the level of suicide of officer was 0.12‰, the death rate of officers from external causes - 0.32‰. A generalized portrait of an officer of the penitentiary system committed suicide in 2017 is a 31-35 year old man who is serving in security or security units with a length of service of 1 to 5 years, with an average professional or a higher education, married, having children, positively characterized in the service, without penalties, non-conflict, organized, disciplined, not registered with a psychologist, not acting on his own initiative for help to a psychologist who has family problems, which he does not report was 0.32‰. A generalized portrait of the officer of the penitentiary system, who perished in 2017, was established. He is a 35-year-old man who is classified as a junior commander, serving as a junior inspector of the department (regime, guard), with service for about 8 years, who perished in August-September. It is concluded that it is possible to reduce the number of officers who died from external causes through measures of prevention proposed by the authors of this article.

[The development of medical care in prison system of Russia (end of XVII-early XX centuries)].

The article considers historical medical aspect of development of medical care of convicts in Russia. The first mentioning about treatment of ill criminals relates to 1775. In 1788 the Regulations of prisons was prepared using experience ofprison systems of European states. From 1819, organization of medical care ofpopulation fell within the competence of the Ministry of Internal Affairs that created conditions for organization of medical care in prison system. The legal basics of medical care of convicts were adopted in 1831. In 1850, out of980 000 of jailed prisoners died 1598 (0.16%) of them. In 1879, in the prison Headquarters was organized position of inspector of medical care. This employee coordinated rendering of medical care of prisoners and developed sanitary hygienic measures. The primary unit of national penitentiary system made up authorities of management ofparticular places of confinement. In 1887physicians andfeldshers were accredited to them. The state placed very high demands to medical personnel. The treatment of ill prisoners implemented at the expense of the state. During analyzed period, uniform medical statistics of morbidity. It is demonstrated that special attention was paid to infectious diseases.