Alveolar Bone Graft: Clinical Profile and Risk Factors for Complications in Oral Cleft Patients.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate clinical aspects and predisposing factors for alveolar bone graft complications in persons born with oral clefts. DESIGN: A total of 105 patients, aged 7 to 57 years old, who received alveolar bone graft at the Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery Center in the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (INTO), Rio de Janeiro (RJ) from 2009 to 2014 were selected. Data were collected concerning the type of oral cleft, family history of cleft, medical and dental exam, donor area, type of graft material, repaired surgical treatment done, and postoperative follow-up examinations. RESULTS: Postoperative complications developed in 31 patients (32.9%). The mean age at grafting was 16.79 years for the group without complications (n = 63) and 20.13 years for the group with postoperative complications (n = 31). There was a positive association between age and type of graft and cases with alveolar bone graft complications. Patients aged 12 years or more had a four times more chance of developing alveolar bone graft complications. Particulate bone graft from iliac crest demonstrated better results compared with block graft or mixed graft. CONCLUSION: Patients with cleft lip and palate who were 12 years or older had a greater chance of developing complications after grafting the alveolar bone. Furthermore, particulate alveolar graft from iliac crest had significantly better outcomes.

Enxertos ósseos alveolares na fissura labiopalatina: protocolos atuais e perspectivas futuras / Alveolar bone graft in cleft lip and palate: current protocols and future prospects

A fissura labiopalatina é a malformação congênita mais comum do ser humano, envolvendo a face e a cavidade bucal. Uma das fases do tratamento reabilitador consiste, na maioria dos casos, na movimentação dentária no local onde há ausência de suporte ósseo. Isso só é possível com a realização do enxerto ósseo alveolar na região da fissura, objetivando-se o suporte e reconstrução do arco dentário e o fechamento de fístula nasal. O enxerto realizado na época de dentição mista, antes da irrupção do canino permanente, é considerado um procedimento fundamental e quando retirado da crista ilíaca do próprio paciente tem as vantagens de um material autógeno cuja incorporação é favorecida. Entretanto, pesquisas têm sugerido o uso de proteína morfogenética óssea recombinante humana para enxertia em pacientes fissurados. O objetivo deste artigo é revisar a literatura atual sobre enxertos ósseos alveolares e discorrer sobre as perspectivas futuras diante de novos materiais disponíveis

Cleft lip and palate is the most common congenital malformation of the human involving the face and oralcavity. A rehabilitation stage of treatment consists, in most cases, the tooth movement in the location where there is no bone support. This is only possible with the completion of alveolar bone grafting in the cleft region, aiming to support and reconstruction of the arch and the nasal fistula closure. Bone graft performed in mixed dentition prior to permanent canine eruption is considered a key procedure and when taken from the iliac crest of the patient has the advantages of autogenously material whose incorporation is favored. However, research has suggested the use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein for grafting onto cleft. The aim of this article is to review the current literature on alveolar bone grafts and discuss future prospects ahead to new materials available