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1.
Environ Health Perspect ; 112(14): 1341-6, 2004 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15471723

RESUMO

Assessment of cancer risk from exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been traditionally conducted by applying the conservative linearized multistage (LMS) model to animal tumor data for benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), considered the most potent carcinogen in PAH mixtures. Because it has been argued that LMS use of 95% lower confidence limits on dose is unnecessarily conservative, that assumptions of low-dose linearity to zero in the dose response imply clear mechanistic understanding, and that "acceptable" cancer risk rests on a policy decision, an alternative cancer risk assessment approach has been developed. Based in part on the emerging benchmark dose (BMD) method, the modified BMD method we used involves applying a suite of conventional mathematical models to tumor dose-response data. This permits derivation of the average dose corresponding to 5% extra tumor incidence (BMD0.05) to which a number of modifying factors are applied to achieve a guideline dose, that is, a daily dose considered safe for human lifetime exposure. Application of the modified BMD method to recent forestomach tumor data from BaP ingestion studies in mice suggests a guideline dose of 0.08 microg/kg/day. Based on this and an understanding of dietary BaP, and considering that BaP is a common contaminant in soil and therefore poses human health risk via soil ingestion, we propose a BaP soil guideline value of 5 ppm (milligrams per kilogram). Mouse tumor data from ingestion of coal tar mixtures containing PAHs and BaP show that lung and not forestomach tumors are most prevalent and that BaP content cannot explain the lung tumors. This calls into question the common use of toxicity equivalence factors based on BaP for assessing risk from complex PAH mixtures. Emerging data point to another PAH compound--H-benzo(c)fluorene--as the possible lung tumorigen.


Assuntos
Benchmarking , Benzo(a)pireno/toxicidade , Carcinógenos Ambientais/toxicidade , Alcatrão/toxicidade , Guias como Assunto , Ceratolíticos/toxicidade , Modelos Teóricos , Neoplasias/induzido quimicamente , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Meio Ambiente , Humanos , Formulação de Políticas , Medição de Risco
2.
Med J Aust ; 177(4): 193-5, 2002 Aug 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12175323

RESUMO

A preterm infant born to a woman with chronic lead poisoning was found to have the highest blood lead level recorded for a surviving neonate. Parenteral calcium disodium edetate, but not oral succimer, was effective in reducing the infant's lead burden in the neonatal period. An exposure assessment revealed the mother's long-term ingestion of lead-contaminated herbal tablets as the source.


Assuntos
Terapia por Quelação , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Intoxicação por Chumbo/etiologia , Troca Materno-Fetal , Preparações de Plantas/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Austrália , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Chumbo/análise , Intoxicação por Chumbo/sangue , Intoxicação por Chumbo/tratamento farmacológico , Mercúrio/análise , Preparações de Plantas/análise , Gravidez , Saúde Pública
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