Major lipophilic pigments in Atlantic seaweeds as valuable food ingredients: Analysis and assessment of quantification methods.

Current trends towards the use of ingredients from natural origin in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry, place macroalgae as a good reservoir of novel compounds. Among them, lipophilic major pigments such as chlorophylls and fucoxanthin, are of great interest because of their multiple applications as bioactive compounds and dyes. In this work, a mid-polarity medium was used to extract pigments from twenty-four species from North coast of Spain, including brown (Phaeophyceae) and red macroalgae (Rhodophyta). The fucoxanthin and chlorophyll a content was assessed by means of two different methods, spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The effect of dried processing on the pigment content of selected species was also evaluated. A linear relationship between the extractability of fucoxanthin and chlorophyll a was observed, being the highest content recorded among members belonging to the order Fucales and Undaria pinnatifida. This work provides good insights about the content on pigments in Spanish North Atlantic macroalgae with future commercial value in different industrial fields, as well as a critical overview of the suitability of the quantification methods and challenges related to their effect in results evaluation.

Discrete papular lichen myxoedematosus: a rare subtype of cutaneous mucinosis.

Primary cutaneous mucinoses are characterized by abnormal mucin deposits in the skin. Discrete papular lichen myxoedematosus (DPLM) is an unusual subtype. Only 11 of the cases described in the literature to date showed no relation to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We report a 21-year-old woman with numerous symmetrical asymptomatic papules on her trunk, arms and thighs. Results of investigations were normal. On histological examination, the upper dermis showed a focal mucin deposit. DPLM can be associated with HIV or C hepatitis virus (HCV) infection and therefore an early diagnosis is very important.

Nevo melanocítico congénito giganteasociado a angiolipomas / Giang congenital melanocytic nevus associated with angiolipomas

El nevo melanocítico congénito gigante es infrecuente, su incidencia es de 1 por cada 20.000 a 50.000 nacidos vivos. Los angiolipomas aparecencomo lesiones subcutáneas, a menudo múltiples, en general, en individuos adultos jóvenes.Describimos una paciente con la combinación en la misma región de un nevo melanocítico congénito gigante y de angiolipomas (AU)

Giant congenital melanocytic nevi are rare and occur in about one out of 20.000-50.000 births. Angiolipomas occur as subcutaneous lesions, mostoften multiple, that arise in young adults. A patient with giant congenital melanocytic nevi associated with angiolipomas located on the same area isreported (AU)

[Localized cutaneous amyloidosis secondary to porokeratosis: a retrospective histopathologic study of 30 patients]. / Amiloidosis cutánea localizada secundaria a poroqueratosis. Estudio histopatológico retrospectivo de 30 pacientes.

INTRODUCTION: Porokeratosis is a rare disorder of keratinization. The presence of amyloid deposits has been observed in inflammatory and tumoral skin diseases. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of cutaneous amyloidosis in histology samples from various types of porokeratosis diagnosed in our department from 1988 to 2005. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty patients were selected and 34 biopsies of lesions clinically and histologically compatible with porokeratosis were performed. Sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and thioflavin T. RESULTS: Amyloid deposits were observed in 11 biopsies from 9 patients. Most were women in their sixties, with disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis that had begun at least 5 years earlier. No notable histologic differences were observed between porokeratosis specimens with and without amyloid deposits. CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of porokeratosis and amyloidosis is a rare occurrence but may be underdiagnosed. In our opinion, the advanced age of the patients and the chronic nature of the lesions would have been predisposing factors for amyloid deposition. The possibility of racial or genetic influences, however, cannot be ruled out.

Amiloidosis cutánea localizada secundaria a poroqueratosis. Estudio histopatológico retrospectivo de 30 pacientes / Localized cutaneous amyloidosis secondary to porokeratosis: a retrospective histopathologic study of 30 patients

Introducción. Las poroqueratosis son alteraciones de la queratinización poco frecuentes. La presencia de material amiloide se ha observado en dermatosis de etiología inflamatoria y tumoral. Objetivos. Determinar la incidencia de amiloidosis cutánea en las muestras histológicas de distintos tipos de poroqueratosis diagnosticados en nuestro servicio entre 1988-2005. Material y métodos. Se seleccionaron 30 pacientes y se realizaron 34 biopsias de lesiones compatibles clínica e histológicamente con poroqueratosis. Se realizaron tinciones con hematoxilina-eosina y tioflavina T en todas ellas. Resultados. Se detectaron depósitos de amiloide en 11 biopsias que pertenecían a 9 pacientes. La mayoría eran mujeres en la sexta década de la vida, con la variante de poroqueratosis actínica superficial diseminada y con un tiempo de evolución superior a 5 años. No se encontraron diferencias histológicas significativas entre las biopsias de poroqueratosis con amiloide y sin él, a excepción del material anómalo. Conclusiones. La coexistencia de poroqueratosis y amiloidosis es un hecho poco frecuente, posiblemente infradiagnosticado. Consideramos que la edad avanzada y la cronicidad de las lesiones serían factores predisponentes, sin poder descartarse una implicación racial o genética (AU)

Introduction. Porokeratosis is a rare disorder of keratinization. The presence of amyloid deposits has been observed in inflammatory and tumoral skin diseases. Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of cutaneous amyloidosis in histology samples from various types of porokeratosis diagnosed in our department from 1988 to 2005.Material and methods. Thirty patients were selected and 34 biopsies of lesions clinically and histologically compatible with porokeratosis were performed. Sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and thioflavin T. Results. Amyloid deposits were observed in 11 biopsies from 9 patients. Most were women in their sixties, with disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis that had begun at least 5 years earlier. No notable histologic differences were observed between porokeratosis specimens with and without amyloid deposits. Conclusions. The coexistence of porokeratosis and amyloidosis is a rare occurrence but may be underdiagnosed. In our opinion, the advanced age of the patients and the chronic nature of the lesions would have been predisposing factors for amyloid deposition. The possibility of racial or genetic influences, however, cannot be ruled out (AU)

Degeneración maligna de un hidroacantoma simple de disposición lineal / Malignant degeneration of linear hidroacanthoma simplex

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[Palmar filiform parakeratotic hyperkeratosis without underlying malignancy]. / Hiperqueratosis filiforme paraqueratósica palmar sin malignidad subyacente.

Filiform hyperkeratosis (FH) is a rare entity clinically characterized by keratotic spicules on the palms, soles or other areas of the body surface. Its association with several diseases, including neoplasms, has been extensively discussed but currently it is not considered a well-defined paraneoplastic disorder. We report a 72-year-old patient that referred lesions on both palms of three months duration. The rest of the body surface did not show similar lesions. Complementary exams did not reveal any abnormal findings. The histopathological exam showed parakeratotic columns with a slightly decreased granular layer and a mild dermal inflammatory infiltrate. In the last years different terms have been employed to refer to these hyperkeratotic lesions contributing to the lack of clarity that currently persists. Although FH might be classified close to the clinical spectrum of porokeratoses, it presents particular clinical and histological findings that allow it to be considered a separate entity. We report a new case of this rare disorder with exclusive palmar involvement in a patient without underlying malignancy and review the main characteristics of similar cases reported in the literature. Despite the obscure association between this entity and neoplasms, the majority of authors deem it necessary to rule out underlying diseases.

Hiperqueratosis filiforme paraqueratósica palmar sin malignidad subyacente / Palmar filiform parakeratotic hyperkeratosis without underlying malignancy

La hiperqueratosis filiforme (HF) es una entidad infrecuente clínicamente caracterizada por la presencia de espículas queratósicas en las palmas, plantas u otras zonas de la superficie corporal. Su asociación con diversas enfermedades, incluyendo neoplasias, ha sido ampliamente discutida, sin que en la actualidad se considere un cuadro paraneoplásico bien definido. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 72 años que consultó por lesiones de tres meses de evolución en las palmas de ambas manos. El resto de la superficie corporal no mostraba lesiones similares. Los estudios complementarios realizados no revelaron hallazgos patológicos de interés. El examen histopatológico mostró la presencia de columnas paraqueratósicas con una capa granulosa ligeramente disminuida y un leve infiltrado inflamatorio dérmico. Diferentes términos han sido empleados en los últimos años para hacer referencia a estas lesiones hiperqueratósicas, contribuyendo a crear un ambiente de confusión que perdura actualmente. A pesar de que la HF podría ser clasificada en la proximidad del espectro clínico de las poroqueratosis, presenta hallazgos clínicos e histopatológicos particulares que permitirían considerarla una entidad aparte. Describimos un nuevo caso de esta infrecuente entidad con afectación exclusiva palmar en un paciente sin malignidad oculta y revisamos las principales características de los casos similares descritos en la literatura. A pesar de la oscura asociación de este cuadro con neoplasias, la mayoría de los autores consideran necesario el despistaje de patología subyacente

Filiform hyperkeratosis (FH) is a rare entity clinically characterized by keratotic spicules on the palms, soles or other areas of the body surface. Its association with several diseases, including neoplasms, has been extensively discussed but currently it is not considered a well-defined paraneoplastic disorder. We report a 72-year-old patient that referred lesions on both palms of three months duration. The rest of the body surface did not show similar lesions. Complementary exams did not reveal any abnormal findings. The histopathological exam showed parakeratotic columns with a slightly decreased granular layer and a mild dermal inflammatory infiltrate. In the last years different terms have been employed to refer to these hyperkeratotic lesions contributing to the lack of clarity that currently persists. Although FH might be classified close to the clinical spectrum of porokeratoses, it presents particular clinical and histological findings that allow it to be considered a separate entity. We report a new case of this rare disorder with exclusive palmar involvement in a patient without underlying malignancy and review the main characteristics of similar cases reported in the literature. Despite the obscure association between this entity and neoplasms, the majority of authors deem it necessary to rule out underlying diseases

[Acquired lymphangiectases and breast cancer]. / Linfangiectasias adquiridas y cáncer de mama.

Acquired lymphangiectases represent superficial lymphatic dilatations caused by a wide range of processes. Many cases reported in the literature develop in patients with upper limb lymphedema secondary to mastectomy, radiotherapy, keloids or scleroderma. Clinically they consist of traslucent vesicles in a chronic lymphedematous area. Histologically they are characterized by the presence of dilated spaces with flattened endotelial cells in the papillary dermis. All these cases have a good prognosis and there have not been any reports of malignant transformation. We describe a 67-year-old woman that showed multiple papules along her left upper limb associated with lymphedema. She had undergone a mastectomy followed by radiotherapy fourteen years before due to a breast cancer. Laboratory and radiological exams were within normal limits. The cutaneous lesions showed characteristic clinical and histological features of lymphangiectases and they progressively resolve in several weeks without any treatment.

Linfangiectasias adquiridas y cáncer de mama / Acquired lymphangiectases and breast cancer

Las linfangiectasias adquiridas son dilataciones de los pasos linfáticos superficiales producidas por una gran variedad de procesos. Muchos casos se recogen en la literatura en pacientes con linfedemas en extremidades superiores como complicaciones de mastectomía, radioterapia, queloides o esclerodermia. Clínicamente presentan vesículas traslúcidas sobre una zona de linfedema crónico. A nivel histopatológico, se caracterizan por la presencia de espacios dilatados en la dermis papilar con células endoteliales aplanadas. Todos estos casos tienen buen pronóstico y no se han descrito transformaciones hacia la malignidad. Recogemos el caso de una paciente de 67 años de edad que presentaba múltiples pápulas a lo largo de su extremidad superior izquierda asociadas a linfedema. Catorce años atrás había sufrido una mastectomía y posterior tratamiento radioterápico a causa de un cáncer de mama. Los estudios analíticos y las exploraciones radiológicas se encontraban dentro de la normalidad. Las lesiones cutáneas mostraban las características clínicas y patológicas que caracterizan a las linfangiectasias cutáneas y se resolvieron progresivamente en varias semanas sin ningún tratamiento

Acquired lymphangiectases represent superficial lymphatic dilatations caused by a wide range of processes. Many cases reported in the literature develop in patients with upper limb lymphedema secondary to mastectomy, radiotherapy, keloids or scleroderma. Clinically they consist of traslucent vesicles in a chronic lymphedematous area. Histologically they are characterized by the presence of dilated spaces with flattened endotelial cells in the papillary dermis. All these cases have a good prognosis and there have not been any reports of malignant transformation. We describe a 67-year-old woman that showed multiple papules along her left upper limb associated with lymphedema. She had undergone a mastectomy followed by radiotherapy fourteen years before due to a breast cancer. Laboratory and radiological exams were within normal limits. The cutaneous lesions showed characteristic clinical and histological features of lymphangiectases and they progressively resolve in several weeks without any treatment

Quistes de pelo terminal múltiples en región perianal / Multiple terminal hair cysts in perianal region

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Early detection of cutaneous angiosarcoma of the face and scalp and treatment with placitaxel.

Cutaneous angiosarcoma (AS) of the face and scalp of the elderly is a rare malignant tumour with a very poor prognosis. The variable presentation and the benign appearance of the cutaneous AS may often delay the correct diagnosis. Because it is extremely aggressive, only early detection and treatment can modify the prognosis. We describe a case of an old man who was diagnosed of AS of the face and scalp 1 month after developing the cutaneous lesion. After treatment with placitaxel, the lesion completely diminished. Unfortunately, he developed pulmonary fibrosis and died 6 months after diagnosis. Predisposing factors of this entity are also discussed.

Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis heralding the onset of chronic myelogenous leukaemia.

Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis was initially described in acute myelogenous leukaemic patients undergoing chemotherapy, suggesting a drug-induced mechanism. It has been reported in some with various neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions as well as in healthy individuals. However, most the reported cases have been described in acute myelogenous leukaemic cases receiving chemotherapy. We describe a neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis case unassociated with chemotherapy in a woman with chronic myelogenous leukaemia.