Ambulatory bilateral neck exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism: is it safe?

BACKGROUND: We sought to determine if bilateral neck exploration (BNE) for hyperparathyroidism could be performed safely in an ambulatory setting (same-day discharge) when compared with focused parathyroidectomy. METHODS: A retrospective review of 503 patients who underwent parathyroidectomy from 2010 to 2015 was performed. Focused parathyroidectomy was compared with BNE. Only patients with positive localization and no prior operations were included. RESULTS: Forty-nine percent of patients underwent focused parathyroidectomy and 51% had BNE. BNE patients were more likely to have 1 or more glands removed (35% vs 14%, P < .01) and longer operative times (median 50 vs 41 minutes, P < .01). There were no differences in the rate of same-day discharge, transient hypocalcemia, emergency department visits, and readmissions. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, BNE for hyperparathyroidism was associated with excision of more parathyroid glands and slightly longer operative times. However, BNE had equal rates of same-day discharges and safety profile.

Does concomitant thyroidectomy increase risks of parathyroidectomy?

BACKGROUND: Concomitant thyroid pathology in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism is common. This study compares complications of patients who underwent parathyroidectomy to those who underwent parathyroidectomy with a concomitant thyroidectomy. METHODS: A retrospective review of prospectively collected data on 709 patients who underwent parathyroidectomy was performed. Patients who had prior thyroid or parathyroid procedures were excluded. Chi-square, Fisher's exact, Student's t-test, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to compare cohorts. RESULTS: Of the 641 patients included, 90% underwent parathyroidectomy alone and 10% underwent parathyroidectomy with a concomitant thyroidectomy. Overall, 49% had preoperative thyroid disease and 22% of patients with thyroid disease had a thyroid procedure. When compared with parathyroidectomy alone, parathyroidectomy with a concomitant thyroidectomy was associated with longer operative times (91 min versus 57 min, P < 0.001), increased rate of overnight stay (69% versus 17%, P < 0.001), and increased rate of transient hypocalcemia (15% versus 3%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Parathyroidectomy with a concomitant thyroidectomy is associated with longer operative times, increased rate of overnight stay, and increased transient hypocalcemia.

Influence of adrenal pathology on perioperative outcomes: a multi-institutional analysis.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic or open adrenalectomies are performed for variable pathologies. We investigated if adrenal pathology affects perioperative outcomes independent of operative approach. METHODS: A multi-institutional retrospective review of 345 adrenalectomies was performed. A multivariate analysis was utilized. RESULTS: Pathology groups included benign non-pheochromocytoma tumors (50.4%), pheochromocytomas (41%), adrenocortical carcinomas (5.2%), and metastatic tumors (3.4%). Controlling for age, body mass index, tumor size, procedure type, and pathology, pheochromocytomas exhibited greater blood loss (92 mL more, P = .007) and operative times (33 min more, P < .001) than benign non-pheochromocytoma tumors. Metastatic tumors demonstrated longer operative times (53 min more, P = .013). Open adrenalectomy was associated with greater blood loss (396 mL more, P = .001), transfusion requirement (P = .021), operative times (79 min more, P < .001), hospital stay (6.6 days more, P < .001) and complications (P < .001) when compared with endoscopic adrenalectomy. CONCLUSIONS: The type of adrenal pathology appears to influence blood loss and operative time but not complications in patients undergoing adrenalectomy. Open adrenalectomy remains a major driver of adverse perioperative outcomes.

Predictors of hemodynamic instability during surgery for pheochromocytoma.

BACKGROUND: Resection of pheochromocytoma is often associated with hemodynamic instability (HDI). We examined patient and tumor factors that may influence HDI. The effect of pretreatment with nonselective α blockade phenoxybenzamine (PXB) versus selective α blockade on HDI and outcomes was also evaluated. METHODS: The records of 91 patients who underwent adrenalectomy between 2002 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. HDI was determined by number of intraoperative episodes of systolic blood pressure (SBP) > 200 mmHg, those greater than or less than 30 % of baseline, heart rate > 110 bpm, and the need for postoperative vasopressors. Fishers exact, t test and regressions were performed. RESULTS: Among 91 patients, 78 % received PXB, 18 % selective α blockade and 4 % no adrenergic blockade. Patient demographics, tumor factors and surgical approach were similar among the blockade groups. On multivariate analysis, increasing tumor size was associated with a significant rise in the number of episodes of SBP > 30 % [rate ratio (RR) 1.40] and an increased postoperative vasopressor requirement [odds ratio (OR) 1.23]. Open adrenalectomy and use of selective blockade were associated with an increased number of episodes of SBP > 200 mmHg (RR 27.8 and RR 20.9, respectively). Open adrenalectomy was also associated with increased readmissions (OR 12.3), complications (OR 5.6), use of postoperative vasopressors (OR 4.4) and hospital stay (4.6 days longer). There were no differences in other HDI measurements or postoperative outcomes among the blockade groups. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor size, open adrenalectomy, and type of α blockade were associated with intraoperative HDI during pheochromocytoma resection. Selective blockade was associated with significantly more episodes of intraoperative hypertension but no perioperative adverse outcomes.