Newly synthesized palladium(II) complexes with dialkyl esters of (S,S)-propylenediamine-N,N'-di-(2,2'-di-(4-hydroxy-benzil))acetic acid: in vitro investigation of biological activities and HSA/DNA binding.

The four new ligands, dialkyl esters of (S,S)-propylenediamine-N,N'-di-(2,2'-di-(4-hydroxy-benzil))acetic acid (R2-S,S-pddtyr·2HCl) (R = ethyl (L1), propyl (L2), butyl (L3), and pentyl (L4)) and corresponding palladium(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by microanalysis, infrared, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay on four tumor cell lines, including mouse mammary (4T1) and colon (CT26), and human mammary (MDA-MD-468) and colon (HCT116), as well as non-tumor mouse mesenchymal stem cells. Using fluorescence spectroscopy were investigated the interactions of new palladium(II) complexes [PdCl2(R2-S,S-pddtyr)]; (R = ethyl (C1), propyl (C2), butyl (C3), and pentyl (C4)) with calf thymus human serum albumin (HSA) and DNA (CT-DNA). The high values of the binding constants, Kb, and the Stern-Volmer quenching constant, KSV, show the good binding of all complexes for HSA and CT-DNA. The mentioned ligands and complexes were also tested on in vitro antimicrobial activity against 11 microorganisms. Testing was performed by the microdilution method, where the minimum inhibitory concentration (MMC) and the minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC) were determined.

Necrotizing fasciitis after total abdominal hysterectomy: A case report.

RATIONALE: Necrotizing fasciitis is rapidly progressive infection with high mortality rate. This study aimed to summarize the clinical and pathological presentation of this case. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 46-year-old woman patient presented to our emergency department of an obstetric and gynecology clinic on the 8th day after total abdominal hysterectomy. The abdominal wall showed pronounced signs of inflammation. Abundant purulent content was oozing from the abdominal wound. DIAGNOSES: The patient underwent surgery. Areas of necrosis were observed on the skin around the wound, the subcutaneous fatty tissue was necrotic around the incision site, and the fascia was completely dehisced. INTERVENTIONS: Wound debridement and flap cutting of the anterior abdominal wall were performed. Metronidazole, ceftriaxone, and vancomycin were administered intravenously. A plastic surgeon suggested daily debridement and toileting of the wound in the operating room. Swabs of the abdominal cavity, abscess cavity, and abdominal wound were obtained, and Enterococcus faecalis was isolated. After the negativism of microbiological swabs, excochleation of granulation tissue was performed by a plastic surgeon. OUTCOMES: Nineteen days after the relaparotomy, the patient was discharged in good general condition with advice for further monitoring and therapy. LESSONS: Successful treatment of necrotizing fasciitis can be achieved through an initial diagnosis, adequate debridement, empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage, and multidisciplinary treatment.

Synthesis, characterization, HSA binding, molecular docking, cytotoxicity study, and antimicrobial activity of new palladium(II) complexes with propylenediamine derivatives of phenylalanine.

The four new ligands, propylenediamine derivatives of phenylalanine (R2-S,S-pddbaˑ2HCl; L1-L4) and their palladium(II) complexes (C1-C4) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The interactions of new palladium(II) complexes with human serum albumin (HSA) were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. All investigated compounds can be transported to target cells by binding to HSA, but complex C4 interacts most strongly. Molecular docking simulations were applied to comprehend the binding of the complex to the molecular target of HSA. Obtained results are in good correlations with experimental data regarding binding affinity by HSA. In vitro cytotoxicity activities were investigated on four tumor cell lines (mouse mammary (4 T1) and colon (CT26), human mammary (MDA-MD-468) and colon (HCT116)) and mouse mesenchymal stem cells as non-tumor control cells. Cytotoxic capacity was determined by MTT test and according to obtained results ligand L4 stands out as the most active and selective compound and as a good candidate for future in vivo testing. Further examination of the ligand L4 and corresponding complex C4 led to the conclusion that both induced cell death mainly by apoptosis. Ligand L4 facilitated cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and decreased proliferative capacity of tumor cells. In vitro antimicrobial activity for ligands and corresponding Pd(II) complexes was investigated against eleven microorganisms (eight strains of pathogenic bacteria and three yeast species) using microdilution method. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum microbicidal concentration were determined.

Synthesis, characterization, DNA interactions and biological activity of new palladium(II) complexes with some derivatives of 2-aminothiazoles.

Newly palladium(II) complexes (C1, C2) with derivatives of 2-aminothiazoles (L1 = 2-amino-6-methylbenzothiazole, L2 = 2-amino-6-chlorobenzothiazole), general formula [PdL2Cl2] were synthesized and characterized by elemental microanalyses, IR, NMR spectroscopy and X-ray spectroscopy in case of [Pd(L2)2Cl2]. The kinetic of the substitution reactions of complexes and the nucleophiles, such as guanosine-5'-monophosphate (5'-GMP), tripeptide glutathione (GSH) and amino acid L-methionine (L-Met), were studied by stopped-flow technique. The complex C2 was always more reactive, while the order of the reactivity of the nucleophiles, due to the associative mode of the reaction, was L-Met > GSH > 5'-GMP. In order to determine the type of interactions between palladium(II) complexes and calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA), we used electronic absorption spectroscopy, viscosity measurements, and fluorescence spectroscopic studies, while interactions with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were determined only with fluorescence spectroscopic studies. The observed results confirmed that both complexes bound to DNA by groove binding. The significantly strong interaction with BSA, especially for complex C2, was also observed. In vitro cytotoxic activity was evaluated against four tumor cell lines, 4 T1, CT26, MDA-MB-468, HCT116 and mesenchymal stem cells (mMSC). C1 complex showed higher cytotoxic activity against CT26 cell line. Flow cytometry analysis showed that C1 stimulated apoptosis of tumor cells via inhibition of expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 molecule and decelerated proliferation by decreasing Cyclin-D and increasing expression of P21. In vitro antimicrobial activity for ligands and corresponding palladium(II) complexes was investigated by microdilution method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC) were determined. Tested compounds exhibited selective and moderate activity.

CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF NON-SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS IN CONTROLLED AND UNCONTROLLED TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS.

Chronic periodontitis is a common complication in diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate some clinical and microbiological parameters in controlled and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) patients compared to non-diabetic (NDM) individuals, as well as to assess the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on these parameters. The study was performed in 61 type 2 DM patients with periodontitis (group 1A: 29 patients having achieved good metabolic control, HbA1c <7%; group 1B: 32 patients with poor metabolic control, HbA1c ≥7%), and 31 NDM individuals suffering from periodontitis. Periodontal indices (plaque index, PI; gingival index, GI; probing pocket depth, PPD; and clinical attachment level, CAL) were measured and subgingival plaque samples were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction prior to treatment initiation and 3 months post-treatment. The results recorded on the majority of measured parameters indicated that differences in treatment success achieved in the three treatment groups were not statistically significant (∆PI p=0.646; ∆GI p=0.303; and ∆CAL p=0.233). Likewise, comparison of the effectiveness in microorganism reduction revealed no significant differences between DM groups and NDM patients. Therefore, study results supported the hypothesis that periodontal therapy outcome was unaffected by the level of glycemic control in patients with diabetes.

Newly synthesized palladium(II) complexes with aminothiazole derivatives: in vitro study of antimicrobial activity and antitumor activity on the human prostate cancer cell line.

Five new complexes of the palladium(II) ion (C1-C5) having the general formula [(PdL2)]Cl2 with some 2-aminothiazoles (L1-L5), where L1 = 2-amino-4-(3,4-difluorophenyl)thiazole, L2 = 2-amino-5-methyl-4-phenylthiazole, L3 = 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole, L4 = 2-amino-4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole, and L5 = 2-amino-4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)thiazole, have been synthesized and characterized by elemental microanalysis and infrared, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the five ligands and the corresponding Pd(II) complexes is investigated. Testing is performed by the microdilution method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC) have been determined. Testing is conducted against 11 microorganisms (nine strains of pathogenic bacteria and two yeast species). The tested ligands and palladium(II) complexes show selective, high and moderate activity. There is a difference in antimicrobial activity between the ligands and the corresponding palladium(II) complexes. The complexes have significant anti-staphylococcal activity and activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is better than the positive control. The interactions of newly synthesized palladium(II) complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) were investigated using UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Analysis of UV-absorption and fluorescence spectra indicates the formation of a complex between the palladium(II) complexes and DNA. The high values of intrinsic binding constants, Kb, of the order 104 M-1 and Stern-Volmer quenching constants, KSV, of the order 105 M-1 indicated very good binding of all complexes to CT-DNA. Also, the new Pd(II) complexes show high cytotoxic activity towards the human prostate cancer cell line and insignificant activity towards non-cancerous human fibroblasts. Future research could additionally explore the biological activity of Pd(II) complexes presented in this paper and investigate the possibility of their implementation in clinical practice.

Bactericidal and antioxidant bacterial cellulose hydrogels doped with chitosan as potential urinary tract infection biomedical agent.

Therapy of bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) and catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) is still a great challenge because of the resistance of bacteria to nowadays used antibiotics and encrustation of catheters. Bacterial cellulose (BC) as a biocompatible material with a high porosity allows incorporation of different materials in its three dimensional network structure. In this work a low molecular weight chitosan (Chi) polymer is incorporated in BC with different concentrations. Different characterization techniques are used to investigate structural and optical properties of these composites. Radical scavenging activity test shows moderate antioxidant activity of these biocompatible composites whereas in vitro release test shows that 13.3% of chitosan is released after 72 h. Antibacterial testing of BC-Chi composites conducted on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria causing UTIs and CAUTIs (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae) and encrustation (Proteus mirabilis) show bactericidal effect. The morphology analysis of bacteria after the application of BC-Chi shows that they are flattened with a rough surface, with a tendency to agglomerate and with decreased length and width. All obtained results show that BC-Chi composites might be considered as potential biomedical agents in treatment of UTIs and CAUTIs and as a urinary catheter coating in encrustation prevention.

Design and preparation of 90Y-labeled imidodiphosphate- and inositol hexaphosphate-coated magnetic nanoparticles for possible medical applications.

Radiolabeled magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with hydrophilic phosphate ligands, i.e., imidodiphosphate (IDP) and inositol hexaphosphate (IHP), were developed as multifunctional agents to localize both radioactivity and magnetic energy at a tumor site. The coating of MNPs with phosphates made them biocompatible, increased their colloidal stability and allowed binding of the radionuclide 90Y to the available functional groups on the surface of the MNPs. IDP and IHP have not hitherto been used for the coating of MNPs and the results of this study of the functionalized MNPs showed that the phosphate groups influenced the modification of the surface of MNPs. Characterization of the MNPs was performed using X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and laser Doppler electrophoresis. The specific power absorption values obtained for MNPs (46.95-80.76 W g-1) in different physiological media indicated their possible application in hyperthermia treatment. Both types of coated MNPs were 90Y-labeled in a reproducible high yield (>98%). In vitro studies of 90Y-MNPs in saline and human serum showed their high stability after 72 h. The biodistribution pattern of the MNPs after intravenous administration to healthy Wistar rats was followed by the radiotracer method, revealing that 90Y-Fe3O4-IDP and 90Y-Fe3O4-IHP MNPs were predominantly found in the liver (85.21% ID and 86.22% ID), followed by the spleen (9.23% ID and 8.82% ID) and the lungs (1.53% ID and 1.53% ID). The results of this comprehensive study showed that radiolabeled biocompatible phosphate magnetic complexes hold great promise for therapeutic uses combining magnetic hyperthermia and radiotherapy.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEAD POSTURE AND PARAMETERS OF SAGITTAL POSITION AND LENGTH OF JAWS.

INTRODUCTION: Head posture in relation to the cervical spine is correlated with the morphology of the face and jaw, the position and the mutual relationship of the maxilla and mandible, their length and inclination. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the head posture and parameters of the sagittal position and length of the jaws. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 90 subjects (30 for I, II and II skeletal class each) between the ages of 8 and 14 years, who were examined at the Department of Dentistry of Vojvodina inNovi Sad. Each subject had the lateral cephalogram made, and the analysis was performed by means of the computer program "Onyx Ceph." The following parameters were analyzed: craniocervical angle, angle of maxillary prognathism, angle of mandibulary prognathism, the difference angles of maxillary and mandibulary prognathism, length of maxillae, and length of mandible. RESULTS: The angle of maxillary prognathism was in positive correlation with the craniocervical angle in the patients with class I and II, and they were negatively correlated in the patients with class III. The angle of mandibulary prognathism was in positive correlation with the craniocervical angle in the patients with class I and III, but they were negatively correlated in the patients with class II. The patients wi th class II had a statistically significant positive correlation between the craniocervical angle and length of the maxilla, and a significant, but negative correlation between the craniocervical angle and length of the mandible. CONCLUSION: Increased extension of the head in relation to the cervical spine can be a contributing factor to the formation of class II malocclusion.

Computer simulation of speciation of trivalent aluminum, gadolinium and yttrium ions in human blood plasma.

The speciation of Al3+, Gd3+ and Y3+ ions in human plasma has been studied by computer simulation using the program HySS2009. A literature computer model of blood plasma was updated and comprised 9 metals, 43 ligands and over 6100 complexes. To this model critically evaluated data of Al3+, Gd3+ and Y3+ constants with blood plasma ligands have been added. Low molecular mass (LMM) speciation of Al3+ ion strongly depends upon the chosen equilibrium model of the metal - phosphate and metal - citrate systems. The obtained computer simulation of LMM speciation data of Al3+ ion were: AlPO4Cit (40.7%), AlPO4CitOH (22.9%), AlCitOH (19.2%) and AlPO4(OH) (12.7%) (% of total LMM Al species pool); for Gd3+ ion: GdAspCit (30%) and GdCit(OH)2 (20%) (% of total [Gd]) and for Y3+ ion: YCit (48%), Y(CO3)2 (32%) and Y(CO3) (11%) (% of total [Y]). Citrate appears as the important binding and mobilizing ligand for all examined ions, while the dominating species are the ternary ones.

Probability of breech presentation and its significance.

Existing data related to the probability of breech presentation suggest that the breech presentation is a consequence of mere filling of the intrauterine space, with the same probability of breech and cephalic presentation. As a consequence, group of cephalic presenting fetuses is heterogeneous. Some fetuses randomly assume the cephalic presentation while others assume cephalic presentation 'intentionally' for a reason. Before comparing breech and cephalic presenting fetuses/newborns, bias should be eliminated by subtracting from the cephalic-presenting group the number of fetuses/newborns that is identical with the number of breech-presenting fetuses/newborns with identical characteristics. The subtracted group should be added to the breech-presenting group before comparison with the remaining cephalic-presenting fetuses/newborns. The comparison should be corrected for the gestational age and according to data that are not influenced by delivery. Data suggest that the physiological process that accounts for 92% of cephalic-presenting human fetuses at delivery should be sought from the 25th gestational week onwards.

Socio-demographic factors and cervical length in pregnancy.

The cervical length is an important factor in the risk evaluation of preterm delivery. The aim of this work was to determine the correlation between the cervical length and the demographic characteristics. A transversal type prospective study was done on a sample of 579 pregnant women at various gestational age of low risk mono-fetal pregnancy. The cervical length was measured by trans-vaginal ultrasound procedure within the regular pregnancy monitoring process. The following data were taken into consideration: the woman's age, her body mass at the beginning of the pregnancy and her height in order to calculate the body mass index as well as her smoking habit at the moment of conception. The mean cervical length was 34.3 mm and 35 mm in the group of women aged 30 and less and 31 and over, respectively. The cervix was insignificantly shorter in younger women (being 34.9 mm/35.9 mm in the 1st trimester, 34.5 mm/35.1 mm in the 2nd one and 33.9 mm/34.7 mm in the 3rd trimester). The sample of 579 pregnant women consisted of 448 non-smokers and 131 smokers. The difference in the length of the cervix in smokers and nonsmokers was not significant (being 32.2 mm/35.9 mm; 35 mm/34 mm and 34.4 mm/33.5 mm in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester, respectively). The correlation between the body mass index and the cervical length was analyzed by trimesters. In the first trimester the increase in the body mass index was followed by the shortening of the cervix; the cervical length was not affected by the BAI in the second trimester, whereas the higher the body mass index the longer the cervix in the third trimester. Our study has shown that the cervical length is affected neither by the age of the woman nor her smoking habit but it is affected by the body mass index at the moment of conception, that linear trend being negative in the 1st trimester but positive in the 3rd one. Since the cervical length may be affected not only by the socio-demographic characteristics but the gynecologic obstetric history of the woman as well, we strongly suggest further investigations in this field.

[Electromyographic activity of the temporal and masseter muscles at different occlusal positions].

INTRODUCTION: Normal occlusion or eugnathia, is a morphologically and functionally balanced bite. Differences in the form and function of orofacial structures cause morphological and functional deviations of the orofacial system. Irregular occlusal postitions may consequently change the electromyographic activity of the muscles of orofacial region. The aim of the research was an analysis and a comparative analysis of the bioelectrical activity of masticatory muscles in normal occlusion and distocclusion, in rest position, in the position of the central occlusion of the mandible and at the maximum voluntary muscle contraction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The metodology of the research is based on electromyographic recording of the action potentials of the examined muscles in different mandibular positions. Registration of action potentials of the masticatory muscles was done using, facial, intramuscular, and coaxial electrodes, (Greenfield scheme) and measurements were performed on both sides. The research was carried out on a sample of 60 patients with an average age of 14,25 years. 30 subjects had normal occlusion and 30 had distal occlusion. RESULTS: The results were expressed in microvolts, as average cumulative amplitude voltages of action potentials, by means of which changes in the masticatory muscles were established and the degree of correlation between the electromyographic activity of the masticatory muscles and the occlusal type was analyzed. CONCLUSION: The results of the research show that the bioelectrical activity of the examined masticatory muscles falls in the group of subjects with distal occlusion, which is the result of a decreased number of active muscular tissues, or a decreased number of impulses coming into the muscle, or the combination of both.

Does a probability of breech presentation of more than 50% exist among diseases and medical conditions?

The aim was to study the effect of twin gestations in a uterus with 2 bodies on the probability of breech presentation at delivery. The hypothesis was that the probability of breech presentation was not higher than 50%. A review was undertaken of MEDLINE (1966-2004) and of the article reference list for statistical analysis of presentation at delivery among twins in a normal uterus, singleton gestations in a uterus with 2 bodies, and case studies of twins in a uterus with 2 bodies. There are 10 studies of twin gestations in a normal uterus (Twin A 3036 cases, breech presentation 22.36%; Twin B 2758 cases, breech presentation 36.87%), 2 studies of singleton gestations in a uterus with 2 bodies (297 cases, breech presentation 42.09%), and 57 case report studies of twin gestations in a uterus with 2 bodies (Twin A 56 cases, breech presentation 14.29%; Twin B 54 cases, breech presentation 18.52%). The odds ratio and chi-square test for differences in probabilities show a significantly lower incidence of breech presentation for twins in a uterus with 2 bodies compared with twins in a normal uterus (Twin A, odds ratio = 0.58; chi(2) = 2.08, p > .05, Twin B, odds ratio = 0.39, chi(2) = 7.67, p < .05), and singleton gestations in a uterus with 2 bodies (Twin A, odds ratio = 0.23, chi(2) = 15.51, p < .05; Twin B, odds ratio = 0.31, chi(2) = 10.72, p < .05). Twin gestations in a uterus with 2 bodies decrease the probability of breech presentation.

[Previous obstetric history and cervical length in pregnancy].

INTRODUCTION: The cervical length is a predictor of premature delivery or abortion. In order to detect the risks of such complications, it is necessary to establish the factors affecting the length of the cervix. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A transversal prospective study was carried out in a sample of 579 pregnant women with low risk, singleton pregnancies of various gestational ages. Cervical length was measured by transvaginal ultrasound as part of routine pregnancy monitoring. At the same time, data on previous first-trimester or mid-trimester abortions, as well as on premature deliveries and term deliveries, were collected and taken into consideration. RESULTS: The cervical length in primiparous women was not statistically significantly longer than in women with a previous pregnancy, except during the second trimester, (primiparous women: 33.8 mm, women with a previous pregnancy: 35.8 mm). Bearing in mind the empirical facts that the cervix in primiparous women, since intact, is significantly longer, the above mentioned findings cannot be easily explained. The cervix in women with a previous vaginal delivery was statistically significantly longer (35.6 mm) than in women with no vaginal delivery (34.09) (p = 0.011). In women with previous abortions of any kind, the cervical length was 34.2 mm. The cervical length in women without previous abortions was 34.7 mm, and there were no significant differences. Moreover, no statistically significant differences were established in women with or without previous abortions, regardless of the type. CONCLUSION: Taking into consideration the data from previous obstetric histories, the results of our study indicate that cervices of women.