Single-center comparison of three chemoembolization regimens for hepatocellular carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Transarterial chemoembolization regimens for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) vary, without a gold-standard method. The present study was performed to evaluate outcomes in patients with HCC treated with doxorubicin/ethiodized oil (DE), cisplatin/doxorubicin/mitomycin-c/ethiodized oil (CDM), or doxorubicin drug-eluting beads (DEBs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients received the same regimen at all visits, without crossover. Groups were compared based on Child-Pugh disease status, tumor/node/metastasis stage, and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage. Imaging outcomes were assessed based on modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors to calculate tumor response (ie, sum of complete and partial response), progressive disease (PD), and time to progression (TTP). RESULTS: A total of 228 infusions were performed in 122 patients: 59 with DE, 30 with CDM, and 33 with DEBs. The groups had similar Child-Pugh status (P = .45), tumor/node/metastasis stages (P = .5), and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer scores (P = .22). Follow-up duration was similar among groups (P = .24). Patients treated with DE underwent significantly more treatments (2.3 ± 1.4) than those treated with CDM (1.6 ± 0.7; P = .004) or DEBs (1.4 ± 0.6; P<.0001). Compared with DE (51%), tumor response was significantly more common with CDM (84%; P = .003) or DEBs (82%; P = .004). PD was significantly more likely with DE (37%) than with CDM (13%; P = .02) or DEBs (9%; P = .004). TTP was similar between groups (P = .07). CDM and DEBs were similar in regard to disease progression (P = .6) and response (P = .83). CONCLUSIONS: During a similar follow-up period, patients treated with CDM or DEB chemoembolization showed a significantly higher response rate and a lower incidence of tumor progression, with fewer required treatment sessions, than those treated with DE chemoembolization.

Safety of uterine artery embolization in patients with preexisting hydrosalpinx.

PURPOSE: To determine (i) if preexisting hydrosalpinx poses a risk for development of pyosalpinx following uterine artery embolization (UAE) and (ii) the effect of UAE on fallopian tube diameter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2005 and 2011, 429 women underwent UAE for treatment of symptomatic leiomyomas. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging before UAE revealed 16 (3.7%) premenopausal women (median age, 47 y; range, 40-52 y) with preexisting hydrosalpinx. Bilateral UAE was performed by using 500-700-µm tris-acryl microspheres with the administration of routine prophylactic antibiotics. Pre- and post-UAE MR images were used to measure fallopian tube diameter. Fallopian tube diameters were classified as normal (1-4 mm) or mildly (< 10 mm), moderately (10-20 mm), or severely enlarged (> 20 mm). A diameter change ≥ 3 mm was considered significant. Resolution of hydrosalpinx was defined by the inability to identify fallopian tubes on post-UAE MR imaging or a normal fallopian tube diameter. Radiology and hospital records were reviewed to determine clinical outcomes. RESULTS: All 16 patients underwent successful bilateral UAE. Clinical follow-up ranged from 14 to 1,531 days (median, 106 d). There was no clinical evidence of pyosalpinx after UAE. Two patients experienced minor complications unrelated to fallopian tube dilation. Post-UAE MR images were available in 13 of 16 patients (81.3%). There were no MR findings to suggest pyosalpinx after UAE. Resolution or improvement was noted in four of 15 hydrosalpinges (26.7%) for patients with follow-up imaging. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that UAE is safe for patients with preexisting hydrosalpinx.