Complete pathologic response after two-stage cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC for bulky pseudomyxoma peritonei: proof of concept.

Introduction: Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare disease characterized by the progressive accumulation of mucinous ascites and peritoneal implants. The optimal treatment for PMP includes the association of complete cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). For patients with a large burdensome disease, the completeness of cytoreduction sometimes requires maximal effort surgery. The aim of this article is to provide proof of concept for two stage cytoreductive surgery (CRS) in this category of patients.Methods and materials: A two stage CRS and HIPEC with oxaliplatin was proposed for patients with bulky PMP including important involvement of the serosal surfaces of the bowel or colon who had an impaired nutritional status. The residual disease at the end of the first stage was less than 5 mm of thickness on several implants. Clinical, surgical and histopathological variables were analyzed.Results: All eight patients completed the two-stage strategy. Mortality was nil. One Clavien Dindo grade 3 event occurred in each stage. After a median follow up of 29.5 months, all patients were alive and free of recurrence. All of the patients had histopathological complete response on the specimens obtained from the residual sites during the second stage surgery.Conclusions: Two-stage surgical strategy is feasible for bulky PMP patients and it is associated with little high-grade morbidity and enhanced visceral sparing.

A proposal of Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology (BSSO/SBCO) for standardizing cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) procedures in Brazil: pseudomixoma peritonei, appendiceal tumors and malignant peritoneal mesothelioma

Cytoreductive surgery plus hypertermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy has emerged as a major comprehensive treatment of peritoneal malignancies and is currently the standard of care for appendiceal epithelial neoplasms and pseudomyxoma peritonei syndrome as well as malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. Unfortunately, there are some worldwide variations of the cytoreductive surgery and hypertermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy techniques since no single technique has so far demonstrated its superiority over the others. Therefore, standardization of practices might enhance better comparisons between outcomes. In these settings, the Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology considered it important to present a proposal for standardizing cytoreductive surgery plus hypertermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy procedures in Brazil, with a special focus on producing homogeneous data for the developing Brazilian register for peritoneal surface malignancies.

A proposal of Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology (BSSO/SBCO) for standardizing cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) procedures in Brazil: pseudomixoma peritonei, appendiceal tumors and malignant peritoneal mesothelioma / Proposta de padronização da Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Oncológica (BSSO/SBCO) para procedimentos de citorredução cirúrgica (CRS) e quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica (HIPEC) no Brasil: pseudomixoma peritoneal, tumores do apêndice cecal e mesotelioma peritoneal maligno

ABSTRACT Cytoreductive surgery plus hypertermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy has emerged as a major comprehensive treatment of peritoneal malignancies and is currently the standard of care for appendiceal epithelial neoplasms and pseudomyxoma peritonei syndrome as well as malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. Unfortunately, there are some worldwide variations of the cytoreductive surgery and hypertermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy techniques since no single technique has so far demonstrated its superiority over the others. Therefore, standardization of practices might enhance better comparisons between outcomes. In these settings, the Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology considered it important to present a proposal for standardizing cytoreductive surgery plus hypertermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy procedures in Brazil, with a special focus on producing homogeneous data for the developing Brazilian register for peritoneal surface malignancies.

RESUMO A cirurgia citorredutora com quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica emergiu como um importante tratamento das neoplasias peritoneais e é, atualmente, o padrão de atendimento para neoplasias epiteliais do apêndice associadas à síndrome de pseudomixoma peritoneal, bem como para o mesotelioma peritoneal maligno difuso. No mundo, existem algumas variações reconhecidas das técnicas de cirurgia citorredutora e quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica, entretanto nenhuma técnica até agora demonstrou sua superioridade sobre o outra. Portanto, a padronização destes procedimentos poderia melhorar a prática clínica e permitir a comparação adequada entre os resultados. Neste cenário, a Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Oncológica considera importante a apresentação de uma proposta de padronização de procedimentos de cirurgia citorredutora com quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica no Brasil, com um foco especial na produção de dados homogêneos para o desenvolvimento do registro brasileiro das neoplasias peritoneais.

Adjuvant radiotherapy versus observation alone, after radical prostatectomy in high risk prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVES: the authors compared biochemical and clinical outcomes of patients with resected high-risk prostate cancer, managed with adjuvant radiotherapy or observation alone. METHODS: patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) between January 1995 and December 2005 at the authors' department were evaluated. Patients with pT3, with or without positive surgical margins (PSM), were included for analysis. Demographic, clinical, pathologic and follow-up data were recorded. Comparison was made between adjuvant radiotherapy group (AR) and observation alone group (OA). Primary end-point was biochemical progression-free survival. RESULTS: out of 739 patients treated with RP, 49 presented with pT3 with or without PSM. 39 received adjuvant radiotherapy and 10 were observed. Median follow- up was 6.2 years for AR and 7.3 years for OA. Biochemical progression occurred in 12.8%, in AR, and 70%, in OA (p=0.0008). Five-year biochemical progression-free survival was 87.1% in AR and 30% in OA (HR 0.12, 95% CI 0.03- 0.48 - p<0.0001). Rescue androgen deprivation therapy was needed in 2.6%, in AR, and 30%, in OA (p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS: adjuvant radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy in high-risk prostate cancer provided better biochemical outcomes. Whether this translates into better clinical progression, it is still unknown.

Adjuvant radiotherapy versus observation alone, after radical prostatectomy in high risk prostate cancer / Radioterapia adjuvante versus vigilância após prostatectomia radical em câncer de próstata de alto risco

SummaryObjectives:the authors compared biochemical and clinical outcomes of patients with resected high-risk prostate cancer, managed with adjuvant radiotherapy or observation alone.Methods:patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) between January 1995 and December 2005 at the authors’ department were evaluated. Patients with pT3, with or without positive surgical margins (PSM), were included for analysis. Demographic, clinical, pathologic and follow-up data were recorded. Comparison was made between adjuvant radiotherapy group (AR) and observation alone group (OA). Primary end-point was biochemical progression-free survival.Results:out of 739 patients treated with RP, 49 presented with pT3 with or without PSM. 39 received adjuvant radiotherapy and 10 were observed. Median follow- up was 6.2 years for AR and 7.3 years for OA. Biochemical progression occurred in 12.8%, in AR, and 70%, in OA (p=0.0008). Five-year biochemical progression-free survival was 87.1% in AR and 30% in OA (HR 0.12, 95% CI 0.03- 0.48 – p<0.0001). Rescue androgen deprivation therapy was needed in 2.6%, in AR, and 30%, in OA (p=0.023).Conclusions:adjuvant radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy in high-risk prostate cancer provided better biochemical outcomes. Whether this translates into better clinical progression, it is still unknown.

ResumoObjetivo:comparar resultados clínicos e bioquímicos de pacientes com câncer de próstata de alto risco submetidos à prostatectomia radical, tratados com radioterapia adjuvante (RA) ou vigilância.Métodos:foram avaliados os pacientes tratados com prostatectomia radical, entre janeiro de 1995 e dezembro de 2005. Pacientes que apresentaram pT3, com ou sem margens cirúrgicas positivas, foram incluídos para análise. Foram registrados dados demográficos, clínicos, patológicos e de seguimento. Foram comparados os resultados entre o grupo que recebeu RA e o grupo em vigilância. O desfecho principal avaliado foi a sobrevida livre de progressão bioquímica.Resultados:entre os 739 pacientes tratados com prostatectomia radical, 49 apresentaram tumores pT3, com ou sem margens cirúrgicas positivas. Trinta e nove receberam RA e 10 foram submetidos à vigilância. O seguimento médio foi de 6,2 anos para a RA e de 7,3 anos para a vigilância. Houve progressão bioquímica em 12,8% dos pacientes no grupo RA e em 70%, no grupo da vigilância (p=0,0008). A sobrevida livre de progressão bioquímica em 5 anos foi de 87,1% na RA e 30% na vigilância (HR 0,12, IC95% 0,03-0,48 - p<0,0001). Terapia hormonal de resgate foi necessária em 2,6% dos pacientes na RA e em 30% na vigilância (p=0,023).Conclusões:a radioterapia adjuvante após prostatectomia radical em pacientes com câncer de próstata de alto risco ofereceu melhores resultados bioquímicos. Ainda não está claro se isso se traduz em uma evolução clínica melhor.

Surgical results of pelvic exenteration in the treatment of gynecologic cancer.

BACKGROUND: Our aim in the present study was to evaluate surgical outcomes and complications of pelvic exenteration in the treatment of gynecologic malignancy and to compare surgery-related complications associated with different types of exenteration. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent pelvic exenteration for the treatment of gynecologic cancer between January 2008 and August 2011. Patients were divided into two groups for comparison: total pelvic exenteration (TPE) and nontotal pelvic exenteration (NTE, including anterior pelvic exenteration (APE) posterior pelvic exenteration (PPE)). Outcomes are reported according to the modified Clavien-Dindo Classification of Surgical Complications. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients were included in the analysis. Eighteen had cervical cancer (64.3%). The prevalence of stage IIIB cervical cancer was 55%. Primary treatment with radiotherapy was performed in 53.3% of patients. Fifty percent of patients underwent TPE, 25% had APE and 25% underwent PPE. Patients who underwent TPE had worse outcomes, with a mean operative time of 367 minutes, use of blood transfusion in 93% of patients, ICU stay of 4.3 days and total hospital stay of 9.4 days. The overall mortality rate was 14.3%, and the surgical site infection rate was 25%. In the TPE group, 78.6% of patients experienced surgical complications. One-fourth of the total patient sample required reoperation, and the leading cause was urinary fistula (57.1%). Urinary leakage occurred in 22.7% of urinary reconstruction patients. Wet colostomy was the most common form of reconstruction with 10% of leakage. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative urinary and infectious complications accounted for 75% of all causes of morbidity and mortality after pelvic exenteration. TPE is a more complex and morbid procedure than NTE.