Redescription of some Thelandros and Tachygonetria spp. (Pharyngodonidae: Oxyuroidea) from the omnivorous plated lizard, Gerrhosaurus validus validus A. Smith, 1849 in South Africa.

Thelandros schusteri Hering-Hagenbeck, 2001, Thelandros luciusi Hering-Hagenbeck, 2001, Thelandros boomkeri Hering-Hagenbeck, 2001, Tachygonetria bainae Hering-Hagenbeck, 2001, Tachygonetria chabaudi Hering-Hagenbeck, 2001 and Tachygonetria petterae Hering-Hagenbeck, 2001 from the plated lizard, Gerrhosaurus validus validus A. Smith 1849 from three localities in the north-eastern region of South Africa are redescribed. Classification keys are available only for the males of the species and because male and female nematodes in copula were not observed in this study as well as the similarity of the females, it was not possible to identify the females to the species level. Thelandros schusteri, Thelandros boomkeri and Thelandros luciusi were provisionally paired with female Type E, Tachygonetria bainae with female Type C, Tachygonetria chabaudi with female Type A and Tachygonetria petterae with female Type D. Female Types B and F could not be paired. The richness and composition of species of the Pharyngodonidae of Gerrhosaurus validus validus is close to that of tortoises and differs from the pharyngodonid fauna of the insectivorous lizards that have been studied. In the latter, only the genera Spauligodon, Skrjabinodon and Parapharyngodon were recovered. The pharyngodonid fauna of Gerrhosaurus validus validus seems to have originated by capture from local herbivorous reptiles. The three Tachygonetria spp. most closely resemble forms in South African tortoises. The three Thelandros spp. redescribed here not only show strong similarities to those of herbivorous Agama spp., but also to those parasitic in tortoises and could have been acquired from either.

Redescription of some Spauligodon spp. and Parapharyngodon spp., and of skrjabinodon mabuyae (Sandground, 1936) inglis, 1968 (Pharyngodonidae: Oxyuroidea) from insectivorous South African lizards.

As part of a study on the helminth parasites of South African lizards several species of saurians were collected from localities in the North West Province, the Northern Province, Mpumalanga Province and Gauteng Province. Spauligodon blydeensis (Hering-Hagenbeck, 2001) from the Cape thick-toed gecko, Pachydactylus capensis, Spauligodon molpoensis (Hering-Hagenbeck, 2001) from Wahlberg's velvet gecko, Homopholis wahibergii, Parapharyngodon margaritiferi, Hering-Hagenbeck, 2001 from the skink, Mabuya margaritifer, Parapharyngodon gerrhosauri, Hering-Hagenbeck, 2001 from the plated lizard, Gerrhosaurus flavigularis and Skrjabinodon mabuyae (Sandground, 1936) Inglis, 1968 from the skinks Mabuya punctatissima, Mabuya spilogaster and Mabuya varia are redescribed. The different Spauligodon spp. in the subcontnent may be separated on the presence or absence of spicules in the males, the presence or absence of spines on the tail of both the males and females, as well as on the size and shape of the eggs, and the configuration of the polar caps. The Parapharyngodon spp. are distinguished mainly by the morphological characters of the males, such as the width of the caudal alae and the size of the pre- and adanal papillae. Female Parapharyngodon spp. closely resemble each other and some could not be identified to the species level since males were absent. Spinose larvae, together with adult Parapharyngodon spp. were recovered from Mabuya margaritifer. All Parapharyngodon spp. larvae described to date are spinose and since the larvae in this study were collected together with adult Parapharyngodon spp., we consider them to belong to the same genus. Skrjabinodon mabuyae differs from the closely related Skrjabinodon mabuiensis in the presence of a spicule in the male and lateral alae in the female. The former nematode is described for the first time from skinks in South Africa.

Camallanus polypteri n. sp. (Nematoda:Camallanidae) in freshwater fishes from Burkina Faso.

Camallanus polypteri n. sp.is described from Polypterus bichir (type host), Synodontis schall and Clarias anguillaris in Lake Tingrela, Burkina Faso. It differs from the other African species of the subfamily Camallaninae parasitizing freshwater fishes, in that it lacks tridents. All species of the subfamily Camallaninae that lack tridents differ from the new species by at least one of the two following characters: a greater number of longitudinal ridges on the inner surface of the buccal capsule; and a muscular oesophagus shorter than the glandular oesophagus. In accordance with the classification of Petter (1979), the new species is placed in the genus Camallanus Railliet & Henry, 1915, owing to the length of the posterior chamber of the buccal capsule, which is less than one third of the length of the anterior chamber.

Incidence of ascaridoid larvae in Kuwaiti food fishes.

Three hundred and six fish of 83 species were carefully examined in Kuwait during the period from October 1992 to September 1995 for ascaridoid larvae. Thirty-nine fishes (12.7%) belonging to 23 species were infected with 9 types of ascaridoid third-stage larvae: Anisakis simplex, Terranva spp, Contracaecum spp and 6 different types of Hysterothylacium spp (KA-KF). Hysterothylacium larvae (including all types) were found in all the infected fish except one (94.6%); Terranova larvae were found in 12 fishes (10 species, 56.1%); Anisakis simplex larvae occurred in 2 fishes (2 species, 8.6%) and Contracaecum spp larvae in one fish only.

Parasites of South African freshwater fish. III. Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) versterae n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabdochonidae) from the spot-tailed robber, Alestes imberi Peters 1852.

A new species of Rhabdochona was recovered from the spot-tailed robber, Alestes imberi Peters 1852 in the Sabie River, Kruger National Park. It differs from its nearest relative, Rhabdochona moraveci Puylaert 1973 in that it has shorter spicules and fewer prostomal teeth. The new species also shows affinities with Rhabdochona paski Baylis 1928 and Rhabdochona congolensis Campana-Rouget 1961, but differs from the first-named species in that it has shorter spicules and fewer precloacal papillae. It differs from the last-named species in the number and arrangement of the labial and cephalic papillae, and the absence of finger-like processes on the tip of the female tail. The subgenus Rhabdochona Moravec 1972 is characterized by the absence of filaments or floats on the mature eggs. These structures are also lacking in the new species, which is therefore described here as Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) versterae n. sp.

Two new species in the genus Cucullanus (Nematoda - Cucullanidae) from the australian region

Two new species of Cucullanus are described: C. bourdini n. sp. and C. laurotravassosi n. sp. C. bourdini is a parasite of Pristipomoides filamentosus , Aprion virescens and P. flavipinnis (Lutjanidae) in New Caledonia. The species is closely related to C. amadai, C. bulbosus and C. hians by the disposition of the post-and ad-cloacal papille but differs by the more posterior position of the deirids. C. laurotravassosi n. sp., a parasite of Arius sp. in Australia, is close to C. bagre but can be distinguished by the more posterior position of post-cloacal papillae

Haplodiploidy in Pharyngodonid (Oxyuroidea: Nematoda) parasites of Testudo graeca.

Gametogenesis is described in Tachygonetria conica, T. dentata, T. macrolaimus, T. numidica, T. longicollis longicollis, T. l. pusilla, T. l. setosa, Mehdiella uncinata and M. microstoma, parasites of Testudo graeca from Tunisia. All species reproduced by haplodiploidy (males developed from unfertilized eggs and were haploid and females developed from fertilized eggs and were diploid). Metaphase of oogonial divisions contained ten rod-shaped chromosomes and meiosis in females resulted in two polar bodies and an egg pronucleus. Embryos in eggs in utero contained either five or ten chromosomes depending presumably on whether or not they developed from fertilized ova. Metaphase of spermatogonial divisions contained five rod-shaped chromosomes but divisions just anterior to the seminal vesicle contained five short round chromosomes similar to meiotic chromosomes but consisting of only two chromatids. Males of haplodiploid species have no homologous chromosomes and it is suggested that meiosis during spermatogenesis, rather than being replaced by mitosis as previously suggested (Adamson, 1981), simply begins at the second meiotic division.

[Description of a new genus of Benthimermithidae (Nematoda) presenting with a uterus with attached glands]. / Description d'un nouveau genre de Benthimermithidae (Nematoda) présentant des utérus munis de glandes annexes.

Juvenile females belonging to a new genus and new species of Benthimermithidae, Adenodelphis eurythenes n. gen., n. sp., parasites of the amphipod Eurythenes gryllus in abyssal sediments from the Norway Sea are described. The genus is characterized mainly by the presence of uterine glands scattered along the proximal third of the uterus.

[Not Available]. / Quelques nouvelles espèces du genre Benthimermis Petter, 1980 (Benthimermithidae: Nematoda) du Sud de l'Océan Indien.

Some new species of Benthimermis Petter, 1980 (Benthimermithidae, Nematoda) from the South Indian Ocean.Six new species of Benthimermis collected from the shallows of the Crozet-Prince Edward ridge (South Indian Ocean) are described. Benthimermis australis n.sp. is the first species in the genus of which both male and female are known; the male differs from previously described males in lacking cervical alae as well as a cuticular ring-like thickening around the amphids; the female is characterized by a rounded tail with a thick mucron and with a cuticular thickening at its end. Benthimermis crozetensis n.sp., of which only the male is known, resembles B. breviptera in the form of the cervical alae and reproductive system, but is distinguished by the length of the cervical alae and tail, and the diameter of the anterior vas deferens. The following four species are known only by their females: B. hureaui n.sp. is distinguished by a short conical tail; B. edouardensis n.sp. is distinguished by a tail with a long terminal spike bearing refringment granules; B. marionensis n.sp. and B. arnaudi n.sp. are characterized by a short round tail without a cuticular thickening at its end and are distinguished from one another by the length of the ovaries.These species are the first in the Benthimermithidae which have been found in relatively shallow sediments (between 90 and 980 m).Keys to males and females of the genus Benthimermis are given. ac]19820408.

[Description of the males of a new benthic marine nematode of the family Benthimermithidae (author's transl)]. / Description des males d'une nouvelle espèce de nématode marin de la famille des Benthimermithidae.

Description of the males of a new Nematode species, collected in benthic sediments of the Atlantic Ocean and Norway Sea, at depths of 2400 to 4500 meters. They possess all the features of the family Benthimermithidae, of which only females were known. Larvae present in the same sediments and considered as third stage larvae of this species are described.

[A new family of Nematodes, parasites of marine invertebrates, the Benthiumermithidae (author's transl)]. / Une nouvelle famille de Nématodes parasites d'Invertbrés marins, les Benthimermithidae.

Nematodes of a group related to the Mermithoidea and known only from a preliminary note by Hope (1977) have been found either as parasites of invertebrates (only female juveniles) or free-living (mature and juvenile females) in benthic sediments of the Atlantic Ocean, the Norway Sea, and the Indian Ocean. The characters in common in the group are given. Benthimermis hopei, n. g., n. sp., known from one mature and one juvenile females found free in benthic sediments of the Atlantic Ocean is described, as well as 8 juvenile females found free in benthic sediments of the Atlantic Ocean is described, as well as 8 juvenile females (Benthimermis sp., nos 1-8), of which 7 are parasites of invertebrates and one was found free in sediments. A new family is proposed for the group, the Benthimermithidae, characterized by a vestigial oesophagus, reduced to a strand containing granular material, an intestine modified into a trophosome, and a vestigial rectum and anus.

[Evolutionary aspects of the distribution of Ascaridoidea in mammals (author's transl)]. / Essai d'interprétation de la répartition des Ascaridoidea chez les mammifères.

In an attempt to interpret the distribution of Ascaridoidea in Mammals and Birds, a scheme is proposed, based on the concept of geological periods of evolutionary expansion for parasitic lines. It is assumed that the evolutionary expansion period of Ascaridoidea in Mammals occurred after the diversification of primitive mammals; this would explain the absence of ascarids in these groups. Periods of evolution appear to coincide with the diversification of Carnivora and Sirenia, the first to become invaded; Artiodactyla and Equidae became invaded later, at the time of their diversification. The other cases of parasitism of Mammals by Ascarids are thought to be "captures".

[Mode of penetration and localization of the larvas of Morerastrongylus andersoni (Petter, 1972) (Metastrongyloidea, Nematoda) in the intermediate host]. / Mode de pénétration et localisation des larves de Morerastrongylus andersoni (Petter, 1972) (Metastrongyloidea, Nematoda) chez l'hôte intermédiaire

The way of entry and the localization of the larvae of Morerastrongylus andersoni (Petter, 1972), parasite of African Gerbillidae Rodents, were studied in Limnaea stagnalis L. and Planorbarius corneus (L.). The entry occurs by ingestion: indeed, in the Molluscs killed immediatly after one-half to one hour contact with infested Rodents; droppings, the majority of the larvae are found in the digestive tract. After several hours, the larvae are located in the connective tissue and in the muscles and they are distributed everywhere in the Mollusc's body.