Exploring barriers and strategies for improving sexual and reproductive health access for young men in Sweden: Insights from healthcare providers in youth clinics.

METHODS: Youth clinics in Sweden are not reaching young men to the same extent as young women. We conducted a qualitative study to explore healthcare providers' (HCPs) perspectives on the barriers to young men's access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services and how youth clinics can better accommodate the needs of young men. We used thematic analysis to analyze eight interviews with nine HCPs (three men and six women). RESULTS: We developed three themes: 1) It's about the youth clinics and those working in them-the clinics suffered from low organizational support, which affected their ability to accommodate young men's needs and were perceived as "girls' clinics". Midwifery, which is the main profession of HCPs working with SRH in the clinics, was perceived as a women's profession for women's SRH; 2) It's not all about the youth clinics-young men were perceived as lacking essential knowledge about SRH and gender norms were preventing young men from visiting youth clinics; 3) Organizational strategies for improving access-the participants discussed strategies to attract young men, including separate reception for young men, hiring more male staff, having higher age limits for young men, and digital solutions to address privacy concerns. CONCLUSION: There is a need for societal efforts to increase young men's knowledge about SRH and improve their access to SRH services. Several strategies can be adapted by youth clinics to attract more young men but there is need for further research to design and evaluate such interventions.

Simulation of patient specific cervical hip fracture surgery with a volume haptic interface.

The interest for surgery simulator systems with anatomical models generated from authentic patient data is growing as these systems evolve. With access to volumetric patient data, e.g., from a computer tomography scan, haptic and visual feedback can be created directly from this dataset. This opens the door for patient specific simulations. Hip fracture surgery is one area where simulator systems is useful to train new surgeons and plan operations. To simulate the drilling procedure in this type of surgery, a repositioning of the fractured bone into correct position is first needed. This requires a segmentation process in which the bone segments are identified and the position of the dislocated part is determined. The segmentation must be automatic to cope with the large amount of data from the computer tomography scan. This work presents the first steps in the development of a hip fracture surgery simulation with patient specific models. Visual and haptic feedback is generated from the computer tomography data by simulating fluoroscopic images and the drilling process. We also present an automatic segmentation method to identify the fractured bone and determine the dislocation. This segmentation method is based on nonrigid registration with the Morphon method.

Phase sensitive reconstruction for water/fat separation in MR imaging using inverse gradient.

This paper presents a novel method for phase unwrapping for phase sensitive reconstruction in MR imaging. The unwrapped phase is obtained by integrating the phase gradient by solving a Poisson equation. An efficient solver, which has been made publicly available, is used to solve the equation. The proposed method is demonstrated on a fat quantification MRI task that is a part of a prospective study of fat accumulation. The method is compared to a phase unwrapping method based on region growing. Results indicate that the proposed method provides more robust unwrapping. Unlike region growing methods, the proposed method is also straight-forward to implement in 3D.

A hip surgery simulator based on patient specific models generated by automatic segmentation.

The use of surgical simulator systems for education and preoperative planning is likely to increase in the future. A natural course of development of these systems is to incorporate patient specific anatomical models. This step requires some kind of segmentation process in which the different anatomical parts are extracted. Anatomical datasets are, however, usually very large and manual processing would be too demanding. Hence, automatic, or semi-automatic, methods to handle this step are required. The framework presented in this paper uses nonrigid registration, based on the morphon method, to automatically segment the hip anatomy and generate models for a hip surgery simulator system.