Specific of accumulation of manganese in organs and tissues of Hereford cattle.

The elemental status of cattle is one of the important factors, which determine its growth, fertility, fetal development, meat and dairy production, etc. Therefore, the study of content of different elements in cattle organs and tissues and its correlation with cattle characteristics and diet is urgent task. It is also important to develop intravital and low-invasive methods to analyze element content in cattle to regulate its diet during lifetime. In the present work, we have studied the content and distribution of manganese in Hereford cattle from an ecologically clean zone of Western Siberia (Russia). 252 samples were taken from 31 bulls aged 15-18 months. They were collected from various livestock farms in the region and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (organs and muscle tissue) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (hair). The median values of manganese concentration obtained in natural moisture for hair, heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, muscles, spleen, testes, and brain were 25, 0.37, 1.0, 2.6, 0.4, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.5 ppm. Accordingly, the concentration of manganese differs significantly in the organs and tissues of animals (H = 188.6, df = 8, p <0.0001). Statistically significant associations of manganese were revealed in pairs: liver-testis, hair-testis, spleen-testis, and heart-brain. The classification of organs and tissues of animals according to the level of content and variability of manganese is carried out. The concentration of manganese in the body is not uniform, most of all it is deposited in the hair and excretory organs of the liver and kidneys. In other organs and muscle tissues, the distribution of manganese is more even and is in the range of 0.2-0.5 ppm. The resulting ranges can be used as a guideline for Hereford cattle bred in Western Siberia.

[Genetics of ketosis resistance in cattle]. / Genetika ustoichivosti krupnogo rogatogo skota k ketozu.

The frequency of ketosis among the Black-pied cattle in western Siberia have been determined. The genotype of sires and genetic composition of lines were shown to affect resistance and susceptibility to ketosis. The heritability of resistance to the disease was 0.186. Variation in biochemical parameters and natural resistance in cows with ketosis and in healthy cows was studied.

[Population genetic features of the immune response and stress resistance in pigs]. / Populiatsionno-geneticheskie osobennosti immunoreaktivnosti i stress-ustoichivosti svinei.

The results of long-term studies on the fitness of pigs are reviewed. Genetic and phenotypic variation in parameters of immunity and stress resistance is discussed, as well as the relationship of these traits with one another and with indices of productivity of pigs in the population selected.

[A new case of trisomy in cattle]. / Novyi sluchai trisomii u krupnogo rogatogo skota.

The new type of trisomy (2n = 61, XX, +19) was found in the heifer with prognathia inferior syndrome. Correlations between trisomy of different types and phenotypic abnormalities are discussed.

[Genetic problems of cattle resistance to brucellosis. I. The age of having the disease, the paternal influence and strain affiliation in the incidence of brucellosis morbidity]. / Nekotorye voprosy genetiki ustoichivosti krupnogo rogatogo skota k brutsellezu. Soobshchenie I. Vozrast zabolevaniia, vliianie ottsov i prinadlezhnosti k linii na chastotu zabolevaemosti zhivotnykh brutsellezom.

From 2810 animals of black-and-white breed of Novosibirsk region diagnosed, 31% fell ill. Young animals were found to be more resistant to brucellosis. It is evidently more probable that they can reach the reproductive age. Intrapopulation hereditary heterogeneity to brucellosis was found. The progeny of certain bulls has a higher resistance than others. There is no statistical reliability of differences in the frequency of the disease between animal lines. A normal distribution of fathers according to the frequency of daughters diseases can point to a polymeric type of the inheritance of resistance to brucellosis. The coefficient of inheritability of brucellosis is 0,194 +/- 0,03. The purebredness and mongrel of animals did not influence the frequency of the disease. The crossing of cows of black-and-white breed with bulls of Holland black-and-white breed did not influence the frequency of the disease of the hybrids of the first generation.

[Genetics of cattle resistance to tuberculosis. I. The age of having the disease, milk productivity and the maternal influence on the incidence of the infection in progeny]. / Genetika ustoichivosti krupnogo rogatogo skota k tuberkulezu. Soobshchenie I. Vozrast zabolevaniia, molochnaia produktivnost' i vliianie materei na chastotu porazhennosti potomstva.

Studies were conducted on the cattle of Latvian brown and black-and-white breeds. From 2742 animals diagnosed, 22,5% caught tuberculosis. It was determined that milk production, percentage of butter-fat, purebredness and mongrel did not affect the frequency of the disease. The families sensitive (50-63%) and relatively resistant (0--15%) to the disease were found. Analysis of 793 mother-daughter pairs showed that 24,7 and 21,9% of daughters from ill and healthy mothers, respectively, fell ill. It is not possible to determine the genotype on the basis of the data concerning phenotypic resistance -- sensitivity trait. Therefore the mass selection will not be effective; the selection among families should be conducted. The distribution of families concerning the frequency of tuberculosis was normal.

[Problems in the genetics of bovine leukemia. II. The effect of fathers and mothers on the leukemia disease frequency in the progeny]. / Nekotorye voprosy genetiki leikoza krunogo rogatogo skota. Soobshchenie II. Vliianie ottsov i materei na chastotu zabolevaniia potomstva leikozom.

Geneology of 14,000 animals which are the progeny of 554 bulls are studied, 2060 of them having leucosis. Differences between bulls in the frequency of the disease in daughters are observed. The morbidity of daughters of bulls having leucosis is higher than for the population in the average. The morbidity of the animals depends on the linear relation animals. "Leucosis" families having a high concentration of ill animals for several generations, and families resistant to leucosis are revealed. Daughters of leucosis mothers got ill more often than those of healthy animals. The coefficient of heritability of leucosis ranges from 0.07 to 0.50. Concordancy for leucosis in unisexual twins is 74.1%. Insignificant increase in leucosis is found for the last three generations. Predisposition for leucosis is characterized by a complex hereditary condition. The portion of genetic factors is quite enought to conduct the animal selection for leucosis resistance.

[The genetics of cattle leukemia. I. Transmission, age at onset, influence of the size of the population, purity of the breed, and milk production on the development of leukemia]. / Nekotorye voprosy genetiki leikoza krupnogo rogatogo skota. Soobshchenie I. Rasprostranenie, vozrast zabolevaniia, vliianie razmera populiatsii, chistoporodnosti i molochnoi produktivnosti na chastotu vozniknoveniia leikoza

The age of leucosis disease of cattle was found to be 6,5 years on the basis of the materials collected on seven State farms. The probability of the disease in young animals was found to be low, and it increased in adult cows. The size of population and the percentage of purebred in herd did not influence on the frequency of the disease. Highly productive animals were mostly exposed to the disease, while healthy and diseased animals exerted no differences in the fat content of milk.