[ALLERGY PREVENTION AND TREATMENT DURING THE FIRST YEAR].

INTRODUCTION: The effect of the pregnant mother's nutrition and the effect of the baby's nutrition during the first-year on the development of allergy and atopic disease in the baby have been studied extensively in recent years. Key recommendations for healthcare bodies in Europe and the United States include: • Allergy prevention in at-risk infants (parent or sibling with allergy): Currently, there is a consensus of healthcare organizations around the world that the recommended exclusive breastfeeding duration is the first 6 months of life for the overall health benefit of the baby. Allergy prevention in non-breastfed infants at risk: There are studies showing that fully hydrolyzed formula can reduce the risk of allergic reactions, especially atopic dermatitis, in high-risk non-breastfed babies. Some recommendations for high-risk non-breastfed infants support feeding up to 4 to 6 months with hydrolyzed formulas. Further research is needed on this subject. Soy formulas failed to prevent allergy in high-risk infants. • In case of cow's milk allergy symptoms in breastfed babies: Although a small amount of food allergens may be present in the milk, mothers should be encouraged to continue breastfeeding while avoiding consumption of cow's milk and products. • In case of cow's milk allergy symptoms in non-breastfed babies: Under six months of age, extensively hydrolyzed formula is suitable for most cases of cow's milk allergy, except for severe clinical conditions, which require amino acid formulas. Over six months, soy formulas can be considered. Exposure to solid foods: The current recommendations are to start on solids at the age of 4-6 months and there is no recommendation for avoiding known allergens, despite family history. Later introduction of peanut, fish or egg does not prevent, and may even increase, the risk of developing food allergy. In order to provide a professional and appropriate response to infants and parents, it is important to know the latest guidelines, based on research from recent years as clinical recommendations have changed over the past few decades.

Mastitis While Breastfeeding: Prevention, the Importance of Proper Treatment, and Potential Complications.

Mastitis is an inflammation in the breast, which may involve a bacterial infection. Breast infection during breastfeeding is a common phenomenon that requires immediate and appropriate treatment. Without proper treatment, inflammation may lead to the cessation of breastfeeding. Another potential complication is the development of an abscess. Based on the nutritional and immunological value of breast milk, the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the World Health Organization (WHO) is exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months of age, followed by continued breastfeeding as complementary foods are introduced, with continuation of breastfeeding for 1 year or longer as mutually desired by mother and infanRecent meta-analyses indicate breastfeeding protects against childhood infections, allows for a possible increase in intelligence, and for a reduction in overweight and diabetes. Breastfeeding is beneficial for nursing women as well. It is therefore important to help the mother overcome difficulties such as mastitis and to continue breastfeeding. The choice of a proper treatment and the provision of therapeutic instructions to the patient are crucial for a cure, for a successful duration of breastfeeding, and for preventing complications for mother and baby. In this article, we provide the latest clinical guidelines regarding drug treatment and supportive therapy in mastitis. We also discuss the latest guidelines of candida treatment, as candida infection may develop as a result of antibiotic therapy. Overall, improperly treated mastitis may cause the premature cessation of breastfeeding, and will cause suffering to both mother and baby; giving proper treatment and instructions to the mother are hence of the utmost importance.