RESUMO
Two readily accessible thienothiophene-triphenylamine charge-transport materials have been synthesized by simply varying the substitution pattern of the triphenylamine groups on a central thienothiophene π-linker. The impact of the substitution pattern on the thermal, photoelectrochemical, and photovoltaic properties of these materials was evaluated and, based on theoretical and experimental studies, we found that the isomer in which the triphenylamine groups were located at the 2,5-positions of the thienothiophene core (TT-2,5-TPA) had better π-conjugation than the 3,6-isomer (TT-3,6-TPA). Whilst the thermal, morphological, and hydrophobic properties of the two materials were similar, their optoelectrochemical and photovoltaic properties were noticeably impacted. When applied as hole-transport materials in hybrid perovskite solar cells, the 2,5-isomer exhibited a power-conversion efficiency of 13.6 %, much higher than that of its 3,6-counterpart (0.7 %) under the same standard conditions.
RESUMO
A comparative IR and NMR study of two low-molecular-weight organogels (LMWGs) based on aminoacid derivatives let us point out the hierarchy of the gelation assembly process. Different association states of corresponding organogelator molecules can be observed leading to the supramolecular organization of gel. A first hydrogen bond network of gelators leads to the formation of "head-to-tail" stacking-up, which can be assembled afterward one to the other by π-π stacking interactions. These small supramolecular aggregates (incipient precursor) are still visible in NMR spectra, and they represent, for example, 36% of the total amount of gelator in the case of the L-phenylalanine derivative (gelator 1) at 1 wt % in toluene. Finally, in the last step, the incipient precursor tends to form the expected 3D fibrillar network responsible for the gelation phenomenon. Temperature-dependent IR and NMR experiments allowed us to identify these different states clearly.
